Grand Mufti

Grand Mufti of various countries:

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• Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad, Grand Mufti of India
• Shawki Allam, Grand Mufti of Egypt
• Muhammad Ahmad Hussein, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
• Ahmed bin Hamad al-Khalili, Grand Mufti of Oman

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• Abdul Aziz Juned, Grand Mufti of Brunei
• Allahshukur Pashazadeh, Grand Mufti of the Caucasus
• Talgat Tadzhuddin, Grand Mufti of Russia
• Husein Kavazović, Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is the head of regional muftis, Islamic jurisconsults, of a state. The office originated in the early modern era in the Ottoman Empire and has been later adopted in a number of modern countries. ^{[1] [2]}

Muftis are Islamic jurists qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (fatwa) on a point of Islamic law (sharia). In the 15th century, muftis of the Ottoman Empire, who had acted as independent scholars in earlier times, began to be integrated into a hierarchical bureaucracy of religious institutions and scholars. By the end of the 16th century, the government-appointed mufti of Istanbul came to be recognized under the title Shaykh al-Islam (Turkish: şeyhülislam) as the Grand Mufti in charge of this hierarchy. The Ottoman Grand Mufti performed a number of functions, including advising the sultan on religious matters, legitimizing government policies, and appointing judges. After the dissolution the Ottoman Empire the office of the Grand Mufti has been adopted in a number of countries across the Muslim world, often serving the role of providing religious support for government policies. ^[2] The Grand Mufti is generally an individual appointed by the state, although the office has collective or elective character in some modern countries. ^{[1] [2]}

History

Further information: Mufti

Muftis are Muslim religious scholars who issue legal opinions (fatwas) interpreting sharia (Islamic law). ^{[3] : 16–20} The Ottoman Empire began the practice of giving official recognition and status to a single mufti, above all others, as the Grand Mufti. ^{[3] : 5} The Sheikh ul-Islam (or "grand mufti") of Istanbul had, since the late 16th century, come to be regarded as the head of the religious establishment. ^[4] He was thus not only pre-eminent but bureaucratically responsible for the body of religious-legal scholars and gave legal rulings on important state policies such as the dethronement of rulers. ^[4] This practice was subsequently borrowed and adapted by Egypt for the head of its Dar al-Ifta (House of Fatwas) from the mid-19th century. ^{[3] : 5} From there, the concept spread to other Muslim states, so that today there are approximately 16 countries with sizable Muslim populations which have a Grand Mufti. ^{[3] : 85} The relationship between the Grand Mufti of any given state and the state's rulers can vary considerably, both by region and by historical era.^{[ citation needed ]}

Election

India

The Grand Mufti of India is elected by the Sunni Barelvi Muslims and appointed by the Barelvi Sunni Muslims.

Brunei

The State Mufti of Brunei is nominated by the Sultan

Jerusalem

Throughout the era of British colonialism, the British retained the institution of Grand Mufti in some Muslim areas under their control and accorded the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem the highest political stature in Palestine. During World War I (1914–1918), there were two competing Grand Muftis of Jerusalem, one endorsed by the British and one by the Ottoman Empire. When Palestine was under British rule, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was a position appointed by the British Mandate authorities. In the Palestinian National Authority, the administrative organization established to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the Grand Mufti is appointed by the president.

Malaysia

Malaysia has a unique system of collective mufti. Nine of the fourteen Malaysian states have their own constitutional monarchy; nine are ruled by their own constitutional monarch while the country is led by a monarch elected from the nine. These nine monarchs have authority over religious matters within their own states: therefore, each of these nine states have their own mufti who usually controls the Islamic Council or Islamic Department of the state. At the national level, a Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs  (Majlis Fatwa Kebangsaan) has been formed under the Department of Islamic Advancement of Malaysia (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia or JAKIM). JAKIM appoints five Muftis for the five states which do not have monarchs. The muftis of the nine monarchical states, together with the five officials appointed by JAKIM in the National Council of Fatwā, collectively issue fatāwā at the national level.

Mughal Empire

In the Mughal Empire, the Grand Mufti of India was a state official.

Ottoman Empire

In the Ottoman Empire, the Grand Mufti was a state official, and the Grand Mufti of Constantinople was the highest of these.

Saudi Arabia

The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, with office created in 1953, is appointed by the King.

Tunisia

According to Article 78 of the 2014 Constitution, the Grand Mufti of Tunisia is appointed and can be dismissed by the President of the Republic. ^[5]

List of Grand Muftis

The list includes the names of currently appointed Grand Muftis who will take office on an appointed date and appointed by a governing committee.

State	Incumbent	Status	Term
Albania	Bujar Spahiu   (1976 – ) [6]	Appointed Chairman of the Muslim Community of Albania (KMSH) by the Muslim Community of Albania	March 2019
Australia	Ibrahim Abu Mohamed ( – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Australia by the Australian National Imams Council	September 2016
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Husein Kavazović (3 July 1964 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina	September 2012
Brunei	Abdul Aziz Juned (22 December 1941 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti Brunei by the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah	1 September 1994
Bulgaria	Mustafa Hadzhi (31 March 1962 – )	Appointed Chief Mufti of Bulgaria by the Supreme Muslim Council	1997 – 2005 (first term) 2005 –
Canada	Syed Soharwardy (1955 – )	Chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada (Grand Mufti of Canada)	2000
Caucasus region	Allahshukur Pashazadeh   (26 August 1949 – )	Appointed chairman and Shaikh al-Islam of the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Transcaucasia and Grand Mufti of the Caucasus by the Caucasus Muslims Council	1980 – 1992 (first post) 1992 –
China	Xilalunding Chen Guangyuan	Chairman of the Islamic Association of China	November 2016
Egypt	Shawki Allam (12 August 1961 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Egypt by the Council of Senior Scholars of Al-Azhar and approved by the President of Egypt, Mohamed Morsi	February 2013
Ghana	Osman Nuhu Sharubutu (23 April 1919 – )	National Chief Imam of Ghana (De facto)
Guinea	El Hadj Mamadou Saliou Camara ( – )	Grand Imam of Guinea (De facto)
India	Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad(19 October 19 2019)	Appointed Grand Mufti of India by the Sunni Muslims of India	2019 –
Iraq	Mahdi Al-Sumaidaie (20. century – )	Grand Mufti of the Iraqi Sunnis (de facto)
Japan	Yahya Toshio Endo	Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	2021
Jordan	Abdul Karim Khasawneh (1944 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of the Kingdom of Jordan by the Cabinet of Jordan and Abdul Hafez Rabtah as Chief Islamic Justice of the Kingdom of Jordan	11 November 2019
Kazakhstan	( – )	Appointed Supreme Mufti of Kazakhstan by the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Kazakhstan as per nomination of former Supreme Mufti, Serikbai Kazhy Oraz	7 February 2020
Kosovo	Naim Ternava  (7 January 1961 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Kosovo by the Islamic Community of Kosova	October 2003
Kyrgyzstan	Maksatbek Toktomushev  (9 August 1973 – )	Appointed Mufti of Kyrgyzstan	2014
Lebanon	Sheikh Abdul Latif Derian (3 April 1953 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Lebanon by the Higher Islamic Council	10 August 2014
Libya	Sadiq Al-Ghariani (8 December 1942 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Libya by the National Transitional Council	May 2011
Lithuania	( – )	Grand Mufti of Lithuania (De facto)
Macedonia	Sulejman Rexhepi  (1947 – )	Reis-ul-ulema of the Islamic Religious Community of Macedonia
Malaysia	Luqman Abdullah   (12 September 1969 – ) [7]	Mufti of the Federal Territories (Website: muftiwp.gov.my)	16 May 2020
	Dato Hj Yahya bin Ahmad	Mufti of Johor (Website: mufti.johor.gov.my)	November 2018
	Syeikh Fadzil Awang [8] [9]	Mufti of Kedah (Website: mufti.kedah.gov.my)	20 July 2017
	Mohamad Shukri Mohamad [10]	Mufti of Kelantan (Website: muftikelantan.gov.my)
	Abdul Halim Tawil [11]	Acting Mufti of Malacca (Website: muftimelaka.gov.my)
	Mohd Yusof Ahmad [12] [13]	Mufti of Negeri Sembilan (Website: muftins.gov.my)	1 April 2009
	Abdul Rahman Osman [14] [15] [16]	Mufti of Pahang (Website: mufti.pahang.gov.my)
	Wan Salim Wan Mohd Noor [17]	Mufti of Penang (Website: mufti.penang.gov.my)	7 June 2014
	Harussani Zakaria   (8 April 1939 – 30 May 2021) [18]	Mufti of Perak (Website: mufti.perak.gov.my)	December 1985
	Mohd Asri Zainul Abidin (1 January 1971 – ) [19]	Mufti of Perlis (Website: mufti.perlis.gov.my)	2 February 2015
	Bungsu Aziz Jaafar [20]	Mufti of Sabah (Website: mufti.sabah.gov.my)	10 August 2012
	Kipli Yassin [21]	Mufti of Sarawak (Website: muftinegeri.sarawak.gov.my)
	Mohd Tamyes Abd Wahid  (1 January 1928 – ) [22] [23]	Mufti of Selangor (Website: muftiselangor.gov.my)	16 March 1998
	Zulkifly Muda [24]	Mufti of Terengganu (Website: mufti.terengganu.gov.my)	1 April 2013
Mali	Chérif Ousmane Madani Haïdara	Chairman of the High Islamic Council of Mali	April 2019
Mauritania	Ahmed Ould Murabit [25]	Grand Mufti of Mauritania
Montenegro	Rifat Fejzić  ( – )	Reis-ul-ulema of the Islamic Community of Montenegro
New Zealand	( – ) [26]	Appointed Grand Mufti of New Zealand
Nigeria	Ibrahim Ibn Saleh al-Hussaini (1938 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Nigeria by the Supreme Council for Fatwa and Islamic Affairs in Nigeria
Oman	Ahmed bin Hamad al-Khalili (27 July 1942 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Oman by the Sultan of Oman, Qaboos bin Said	1975
Pakistan	Mufti Muneeb Ur Rehman	Grand Mufti of Pakistan
Palestine	Muhammad Ahmad Hussein (10 March 1950 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the President of the Palestinian National Authority, Mahmoud Abbas	July 2006
Poland	Tomasz Miśkiewicz (9 July 1977 – )	Appointed Mufti of the Republic of Poland by the Muslim Religious Union in the Republic of Poland	2004
Romania	Murat Iusuf (18 August 1977 – ) (Murād Yūsuf)	Grand Mufti of Romania	2005
Russia	Talgat Tadzhuddin (12 October 1948 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Russia by the Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia	1992
	Rawil Ğaynetdin (25 August 1959 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Russia by the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russian Federation	2014
Saudi Arabia	Abdulaziz Al Sheikh (10 February 1943 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia by the King of Saudi Arabia, Fahd of Saudi Arabia	June 1999
Serbia	Sead Nasufović (22 June 1979 – ) [27] [28]	Appointed Mufti of Serbia by the Islamic Community of Serbia	July 2016
Singapore	Nazirudin Mohd Nasir [29] [30] [31]	Appointed Mufti of the Republic of Singapore by the Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura, the statutory board of Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth	1 March 2020
South Africa	Mufti Mohamed Akbar Hazarvi [32]	Appointed Mufti by the Sunni Ulama Council, Sunni Ulama Cape and Cape Town Ulama Board	20 June 2000-
Tunisia	Othman Battikh (17 April 1941 – 25 October 2022)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Tunisia by the President of Tunisia, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 2008 and Beji Caid Essebsi in 2016	2008 – 5 January 2016 (resigned for haj pilgrimage in 2016) 12 January 2016 – (reappointed by the president after one week)
Turkey	Ali Erbaş   (1961 – )	Appointed President of Directorate of Religious Affairs by the President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, acting as Grand Mufti of the country.	17 September 2017
United Arab Emirates	( – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Dubai by Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities Department
United States	Hisham Kabbani (1945 – )	Chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of America (Grand Mufti of the United States)	1998
Uzbekistan	Usmankhan Alimov (1 January 1950 – 15 August 2021)	Grand Mufti of Uzbekistan	8 August 2006
Zimbabwe	Ismail ibn Musa Menk (b. 1975) [33]	Grand Mufti of Zimbabwe

List of former Grand Muftis

State	Incumbent	Status	Term
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Mustafa Cerić (5 February 1952 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina	April 1993 – November 2012
Brunei	Ismail Omar Abdul Aziz (1911 – 1993)	Appointed State Mufti of Brunei	1962–1994
India	ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni (21 August 1540 – 5 November 1615)	Appointed Grand Mufti of India by the Mughal emperor, Akbar, appointed him to the muftiat in 1574 where he spent much of his career.	16th century – 17th century
	Shah Fazle Rasool Badayuni  (1 July 1798 – 8 August 1872)	Appointed Grand Mufti of India by the final Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar.	19th century
	Kifayatullah Dehlawi (November 1882 – 31 December 1952) [lower-alpha 1]		20th century
	Amjad Ali Aazmi (November 1882 – 6 September 1948)	Elected as Grand Mufti of India by electoral college and appointed by the Islamic Community of India.	20th century
	Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri (18 July 1892, 1892 – 11 November 1981, 1981)	Elected as Grand Mufti of India by electoral college and appointed by the Islamic Community of India.	20th century
	Akhtar Raza Khan (23 November 1943 – 20 July 2018)	Elected as Grand Mufti of India by electoral college and appointed by the Islamic Community of India.	20th century – 20 July 2018 [34] [35]
Japan	Sadiq Yoshio Imaizumi	Self-Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1953 – 1960
	Umar Ryoichi Mita	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1960 – 1962
	Abdulkareem Atsuhira Saito	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1962 – 1971
	Abu Bakr Takeo Morimoto	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1971 – 1974
	Abdulmunir Shoji Watanabe	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1974 – 1977
	Omar Yojiro Iokibe	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1977 – 1984
	Abdul Salam Jiro Arimi	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1984 – 1986
	Zubeir Hakuro Suzuki	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1986 – 1990
	Khalid Mimasaka Higuchi	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	1990 – 2003
	Amin Kimiaki Tokumasu	Appointed Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association	2003 – 2021
Malaysia	Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri (16 January 1969 – )	Appointed Mufti of the Federal Territories	20 June 2014 - 16 May 2020
Palestine	Mohammed Tahir al-Husayni (1842 – 1908) (Hanafi)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the ....	1869–1908
	Kamil al-Husayni (23 February 1867 – 31 March 1921) (Hanafi)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the ....	1908–1921
	As'ad Shukeiri (1860 – 1940) (Hanafi)	Appointed Qadi by the Ottoman Empire during the World War I.	1914–1918
	Amin al-Husseini (1 January 1895 – 4 July 1974)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the ....	1921–1937
	Hussam ad-Din Jarallah (1884 – 6 March 1954)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the ....	1948–1952
	Saad al-Alami (1911 – 6 February 1993)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf	1952–1993
	Sulaiman Ja'abari (1912 – 1994)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the ....	1993–1994
	Ekrima Sa'id Sabri (1939 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the ....	October 1994 – July 2006
Philippines	Abuhuraira Udasan (3 March 1942 – 3 July 2023)	Grand Mufti of Bangsamoro	Until July 2023
Saudi Arabia	Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh (24 July 1893 – 3 December 1969)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia by the ....	1953–1969
	Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baz (22 November 1912 – 13 May 1999)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia by the ....	1992–1999
Syria	Ahmed Kuftaro (1915 – 1 September 2004)	Appointed Grand Mufti of Syria	26 October 1964 – 1 September 2004
	Ahmad Badreddin Hassoun (25 April 1949 – )	Appointed Grand Mufti of the Republic by the President of President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad	July 2005 – November 2021 [36]

See also

• Imam
• Muftiate
• List of Islamic muftiates
• Grand Mufti of India

Notes

1. Urdu: مفتی اعظم محمد کفایت اللہ دہلوی
   Arabic: مفتی کفایت اللہ الدہلوی

References

1. John L. Esposito, ed. (2014). "Grand Mufti". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018.
2. James Broucek (2013). "Mufti/Grand mufti". In Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone (ed.). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press.
3. Vogel, Frank E. (2000). Islamic Law and the Legal System of Saudí: Studies of Saudi Arabia. Leiden: Brill. ISBN   9789004110625.
4. Faroqhi, Suraiya N. (2006). The Cambridge History of Turkey. The Later Ottoman Empire, 1603–1839 (1st ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 213. ISBN   9780521620956 . Retrieved 23 May 2012.
5. "Title four, chapter one, article 78" (PDF). THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TUNISIAN REPUBLIC (Unofficial english translation). UNDP and International IDEA. 26 January 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
6. "Bujar Spahiu, Elected New Chairman of KMSH". Albanian Daily News. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
7. Baharu, Media. "Dr Luqman Abdullah Mufti Wilayah kelapan". Portal Berita RTM (in Malay). Retrieved 13 November 2020.
8. "Syeikh Fadzil Awang appointed new Kedah mufti | The Star Online". The Star. Malaysia. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
9. Zulkefli, Adie Suri (21 July 2017). "Syeikh Fadzil Awang appointed new Kedah Mufti". NST Online. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
10. Zaidi, Hazira Ahmad (14 February 2020). "Kelantan guna pakai fatwa kebangsaan". HM Online (in Malay). Retrieved 18 February 2020.
11. "Ahli MAIM – Majlis Agama Islam Melaka (MAIM)". maim.gov.my. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
12. Nor, Mohd Helmi Irwadi Mohd (17 March 2019). "Negri mufti wants PUBG online shooting game banned". NST Online. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
13. "Negri mufti wants PUBG online shooting game banned". MSN. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
14. Bernama (10 January 2020). "Agong: I will strive to unite Malaysians". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
15. "Jabatan Mufti Negeri Pahang – MUFTI PAHANG". mufti.pahang.gov.my. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
16. Lokman, Tasnim (28 November 2019). "Pahang Mufti: Children should be finishing school, not getting married". NST Online. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
17. Mok, Opalyn (14 January 2020). "Freedom in Islam must be balanced with responsibility, Penang mufti tells G25 | Malay Mail". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
18. Mohsen, Amar Shah. "Khat controversy shows nation hyper-sensitive to racial, religious issues". The Sun. Malaysia. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
19. Bakar, Adam Abu (27 January 2018). "Asri hits back at critics, maintains Shia Muslims a threat". Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
20. Abdullah, Mohd Izham Unnip (12 July 2018). "Appointment of Sabah and Sarawak chief judge as Chief Justice is honour for East Malaysia". NST Online. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
21. "Seeking divine intervention to fight crime". Borneo Post. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
22. HARIAN, WARTAWAN SINAR (17 June 2019). "Hindari fitnah demi perpaduan, pesan Mufti Selangor". Sinarharian (in Malay). Retrieved 18 February 2020.
23. Noh, Oleh Norzamira Che (1 August 2017). "Bin/Binti bapa biologi boleh cetus kekeliruan". BH Online (in Malay). Retrieved 18 February 2020.
24. "'Merry Christmas' is fine, but avoid being Santa, says mufti". MSN. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
25. "مفتي موريتانيا يتحدث للعربية.نت عن "خطر وحظر الإخوان"". العربية (in Arabic). 1 October 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
26. Mufti of New Zealand praises measures taken by the Kingdom to suspend Umrah and visiting visas for countries infected with Coronavirus
27. Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of. "Sead Nasufović novi reis Islamske zajednice Srbije". rts.rs. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
28. Tanjug (7 July 2016). "Svečano ustoličen novi reis-ul-ulema Nasufović". Blic (in Serbian). Retrieved 15 July 2020.
29. "MEDIA STATEMENT ON KEY CHANGES TO SENIOR RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP IN MUIS". Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (Press release). On 1 Mar 2020, Ustaz Dr Mohamed Fatris Bakaram will step down and Ustaz Dr Nazirudin Mohd Nasir will be appointed Mufti of the Republic of Singapore. The appointment of the Mufti is made by the President of Singapore in consultation with the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore.
30. "New Mufti appointed as MUIS sees changes to senior religious leadership". CNA. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
31. hermes (10 January 2020). "Singapore Muslims to have new Mufti from March 1". The Straits Times. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
32. "News24". News24. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
33. Piscatori, James; Saikal, Amin (19 September 2019). Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9781108481250.
34. "Noted Barelvi cleric Azhari Miyan dies". The Times of India. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
35. "Thousands throng funeral of noted Barelvi cleric; traffic blocked for eight hours". The Times of India. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
36. "Syria's President Scraps Post of Mufti of Republic". en. 16 November 2021.