The Treaty of Stralsund ended the war between the Hanseatic League and the kingdom of Denmark. The Hanseatic League reached the peak of its power by the conditions of this treaty.
A goði or gothi is an Old Norse term for a chieftain-priest. Gyðja is the female form. The title is primarily known from medieval Iceland where it lived on as a secular political title after Christianization.
Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar or Hákonar saga gamla Hákonarsonar is an Old Norse Kings' Saga, telling the story of the life and reign of King Haakon Haakonarson of Norway.
Early Swedish literature designates Swedish literature written between approximately 1200–1500 AD.
Bishop Magnus I, or Mauno, was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Turku between 1291 and 1308. He was the first bishop who is known to have been born in Finland. He also helped to complete the Christianization of Finland started by St. Henry.
Flóamanna saga, also known as Þorgils saga Ørrabeinsstjúps is one of the sagas of Icelanders. The saga has been especially noted for the realistic depiction of the main character's journey to Greenland, which may reflect the author's own experience of such a journey, or an informant's.
Wadmal is a coarse, dense, usually undyed wool fabric woven in Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Greenland, and the Orkney, Faroe and Shetland Islands from the Middle Ages into the 18th century. Wadmal was woven on the warp-weighted loom used throughout these areas of Norwegian influence, and was usually a 2/2 twill weave, although some medieval sources outside Iceland describe wadmal as tabby or plain-woven. In remote regions, wadmal remained the primary fabric for working people's clothing into the 18th century
Eirspennill, also known as AM 47 fol, is a medieval manuscript which contains copies of four sagas: Heimskringla, Sverris saga, Böglunga sögur, and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar. The manuscript is considered to date to the early 14th century, and a marginal note within states that in the mid 14th century it belonged to Þranðr Garðarson, Archbishop of Nidaros. The manuscript is believed to have been compiled by two Icelanders.
The bishops' saga is a genre of medieval Icelandic sagas, mostly thirteenth- and earlier fourteenth-century prose histories dealing with bishops of Iceland's two medieval dioceses of Skálholt and Hólar.
Þorláks saga helga is a saga about Saint Þorlákr Þórhallsson (1133–93) and the main source of evidence for his life.
Uppsala University Library, De la Gardie, 4-7, a thirteenth-century Norwegian manuscript, is 'our oldest and most important source of so-called "courtly literature" in Old Norse translation'. It is now fragmentary; four leaves, once part of the last gathering, now survive separately as AM 666 b, 4° in the Arnamagnæan Collection, Copenhagen.
Vatnshyrna was a major Icelandic saga codex destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1728. It was copied between 1391 and 1395 by Magnús Þórhallsson for Jón Hákonarson in northern Iceland. The codex was first called Vatnshyrna by Arngrímur Jónsson in his 1609 work, Crymogaea, possibly because it was located at that time at Stóra Vatnshorn.
Bergbúa þáttr is a short medieval Icelandic tale (þáttr). It tells of Þórðr and his companion who get lost on their way to church one winter and take refuge in a cave. Once inside, after they have settled down for the evening, they hear noises from the back of the cave. Later they see two huge eyes and hear a voice which recites a poem of twelve stanzas, now known as Hallmundarkviða. The speaker of these verses refers to himself as a giant, and repeats the poem three time across the course of the night. The giant instructs the humans to remember the poem or suffer a forfeit. Þórðr memorises the poem but his companion does not and subsequently dies the following year.
Maríu saga is an Old Norse-Icelandic biography of the Virgin Mary. Because of the wide range of sources used by its compiler and the way theological commentary has been interspersed with biography, the work is considered "unique within the continental medieval tradition on Mary's life."
Kumlbúa þáttr is a short medieval Icelandic tale (þáttr) set at the end of the twelfth century or the beginning of the thirteenth. It tells the story of Þorsteinn Þorvarðsson who stumbles upon a burial cairn and takes a sword from it. After he returns home he goes to bed and is visited in a dream by the cairn-dweller. The man, who wields a huge pole-axe, demands the return of the sword and threatens Þorsteinn. Þorsteinn's wife wakes him to ask why he is sleeping so poorly but he does not tell her and goes back to sleep at once. The cairn-dweller reappears and declaims a threatening verse. However, Þorsteinn retorts with a more technically proficient verse which 'caps' that of the cairn-dweller who then leaves Þorsteinn. The following day Þorsteinn goes to look for the cairn but cannot find it. He returns home and tells his wife and other people the story.
Barlaams saga ok Jósafats is an Old Norse rendering of the story of Barlaam and Josaphat, which is based upon the life of the Buddha. The saga exists in Old Norwegian and Old Swedish versions. These versions use different source material. The older of the two Old Swedish versions draws on the Golden Legend; the younger uses the Speculum historiale as its main source. The Old Norwegian version is based on a Latin translation from the 12th century. The saga of Guðmundur Arason records that the Old Norwegian version was translated by King Haakon the Young.
Páls saga biskups is an Old Norse account of the life of Páll Jónsson, bishop of the Icelandic episcopal see Skálholt.
Tómasarbók is a mid-sixteenth-century Icelandic manuscript. It was written between 1540 and 1560 by Ari Jónsson and his sons Jón and Tómas Arason.
