Indabibi

Last updated

Indabibi was a ruler of ancient Elam in 649 BCE [1] and perhaps 648. [2] He is sometimes referred to as Indabigash. [3] He was the successor of Tammaritu II and the predecessor of Humban-Haltash III. [1] Elam was located to the east of the more powerful Assyrian Empire, and the reign of Indabibi occurred during the reign of Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (668 - c. 617).

In 649 BC, then-Elamite king Tammaritu II was deposed in an uprising and fled to Assyria's king Ashurbanipal, at which point Indabibi took the throne. [3] At this time, Ashurbanipal was engaged in a conflict with his brother, Shamash-shum-ukin, king of Babylon, who was attempting to gain control of the Assyrian Empire. Tammaritu II militarily supported Shamash-shum-ukin. [4] During a battle, one of his generals, Indabibi, switched sides, and Tammaritu escaped to Nineveh in either 650 or 649 BC. Thus began the brief rule of Indabibi over Elam.

Assyrian records give contradictory reports concerning Indabibi's relationship to Assyria: one source, written during Indabibi's rule records that Indabibi was an ally and "brother" of Ashurbanipal, while a source written two years later has a different opinion. [5]

As relations soured, Ashurbanipal send a demand that Indabibi extradite to him a number of rebellious subjects who were taking refuge in Elam. [6] Indabibi delivered some of these, but withheld others. [6] Later Ashurbanipal sent a messenger to demand the extradition of the remaining subjects, but the message did not reach Elam. [6]

The Annals of Ashurbanipal record that Ashurbanipal declared war against Indabibi. [7] As Ashurbanipal's armies approached Elam, the Elamites revolted and killed Indabibi in 648. [8] [6]

Indabibi was then replaced by Humban-haltash III. [9]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">7th century BC</span> One hundred years, from 700 BC to 601 BC

The 7th century BC began the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC.

This article concerns the period 649 BC – 640 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Esarhaddon</span> 7th-century BC King of Assyria

Esarhaddon, also spelled Essarhaddon, Assarhaddon and Ashurhaddon was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Sennacherib in 681 BC to his own death in 669. The third king of the Sargonid dynasty, Esarhaddon is most famous for his conquest of Egypt in 671 BC, which made his empire the largest the world had ever seen, and for his reconstruction of Babylon, which had been destroyed by his father.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elam</span> Ancient pre-Iranian civilization between 2700 and 539 BC

Elam was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The modern name Elam stems from the Sumerian transliteration elam(a), along with the later Akkadian elamtu, and the Elamite haltamti. Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East. In classical literature, Elam was also known as Susiana, a name derived from its capital Susa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashurbanipal</span> Assyrian ruler

Ashurbanipal was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 669 BC to his death in 631. He is generally remembered as the last great king of Assyria. Ashurbanipal inherited the throne as the favored heir of his father Esarhaddon; his 38-year reign was among the longest of any Assyrian king. Though sometimes regarded as the apogee of ancient Assyria, his reign also marked the last time Assyrian armies waged war throughout the ancient Near East and the beginning of the end of Assyrian dominion over the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Šamaš-šuma-ukin</span> King of Babylon as a vassal of the Neo-Assyrian Empire

Šamaš-šuma-ukin, was king of Babylon as a vassal of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 668 BC to his death in 648. Born into the Assyrian royal family, Šamaš-šuma-ukin was the son of the Neo-Assyrian king Esarhaddon and the elder brother of Esarhaddon's successor Ashurbanipal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sardanapalus</span> King of Assyria

Sardanapalus was, according to the Greek writer Ctesias, the last king of Assyria, although in fact Aššur-uballiṭ II holds that distinction.

Kandalanu was a vassal king of Babylon under the Neo-Assyrian kings Ashurbanipal and Ashur-etil-ilani, ruling from his appointment by Ashurbanipal in 647 BC to his own death in 627 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Ulai</span> Battle between the invading Assyrians and the kingdom of Elam

The Battle of the Ulai River, also known as the Battle of Til-Tuba or the Battle of Tulliz, in c. 653 BCE, was a battle between the invading Assyrians, under their king Ashurbanipal, and the kingdom of Elam, which was a Babylonian ally. The result was a decisive Assyrian victory. Teumman, the king of Elam, and his son Tammaritu were killed in the battle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sargonid dynasty</span> Final ruling dynasty of Assyria, founded 722 BC

The Sargonid dynasty was the final ruling dynasty of Assyria, ruling as kings of Assyria during the Neo-Assyrian Empire for just over a century from the ascent of Sargon II in 722 BC to the fall of Assyria in 609 BC. Although Assyria would ultimately fall during their rule, the Sargonid dynasty ruled the country during the apex of its power and Sargon II's three immediate successors Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal are generally regarded as three of the greatest Assyrian monarchs. Though the dynasty encompasses seven Assyrian kings, two vassal kings in Babylonia and numerous princes and princesses, the term Sargonids is sometimes used solely for Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humban-haltash III</span> Ruler of Elam

Humban-haltash III or Umanaldash was the last major ruler of Elam. He was defeated and captured by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.

Urtak or Urtaku was a king of the ancient kingdom of Elam, which was to the southeast of ancient Babylonia. He ruled from 675 to 664 BCE, his reign overlapping those of the Assyrian kings Esarhaddon (681-669) and Ashurbanipal (668-627).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teumman</span> Elamite King

Teumman was a king of the ancient kingdom of Elam, ruling it from 664 to 653 BCE, contemporary with the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. In various sources, the name may be found spelled as Te’umman, Teumann, or Te-Umman. For a time, "many scholars, beginning with G.G. Cameron," believed him to have been the Tepti-Huban-Inshushinak mentioned in inscriptions, although this view has since fallen from favor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ummanigash (son of Urtak)</span> Elamite king, 7th-century BC

Ummanigash was briefly a ruler in the ancient kingdom of Elam, ruling after the beheading of his predecessor Teumman in 653. He ruled part of Elam while his brother, Tammaritu, ruled another. He is also referred to as Humban-nikash II and Khumban-nikash II.

Tammaritu II was the ruler of Elam from 652 until 650 or 649 BC. After the brief reigns of Indabibi and Humban-haltash III, Tammaritu II was briefly restored to power in 648. Tammaritu II was the son of Tammaritu I and the successor of Ummanigash, his uncle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Šērūʾa-ēṭirat</span> Assyrian princess of the Sargonid dynasty

Šērūʾa-ēṭirat, called Saritrah in later Aramaic texts), was an ancient Assyrian princess of the Sargonid dynasty, the eldest daughter of Esarhaddon and the older sister of his son and successor Ashurbanipal. She is the only one of Esarhaddon's daughters to be known by name and inscriptions listing the royal children suggest that she outranked several of her brothers, such as her younger brother Aššur-mukin-paleʾa, but ranked below the crown princes Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin. Her importance could be explained by her possibly being the oldest of all Esarhaddon's children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tammaritu I</span> Elamite king, 7th-century BC

Tammaritu I, son of Urtak, was briefly a ruler in the ancient kingdom of Elam, ruling after the beheading of his predecessor Teumman in 653. He ruled part of Elam while his brother, Ummanigash, ruled another.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tammaritu (son of Teumman)</span> King of Elam from 664 to 653 BCE

Tammaritu was a prince of Elam and son of Teumman, king of the ancient kingdom of Elam, who ruled from 664 to 653 BCE, and was a contemporary with the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. In various sources, the name may be found spelled as Te’umman, Teumann, or Te-Umman. For a time, "many scholars, beginning with G.G. Cameron," believed him to have been the Tepti-Huban-Inshushinak mentioned in inscriptions, although this view has since fallen from favor.

References

  1. 1 2 Jane McIntosh (2005). Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. p. 359. ISBN   978-1-57607-965-2.
  2. His reign is listed as occurring entirely in 649 by McIntosh. On the other hand, Elizabeth Carter and Matthew Stolper see his reign as extending into 648. Jane McIntosh (2005). Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. p. 359. ISBN   978-1-57607-965-2.Elizabeth Carter; Matthew W. Stolper (1984). Elam: Surveys of Political History and Archaeology . University of California Press. p.  51. ISBN   978-0-520-09950-0.
  3. 1 2 Elizabeth Carter; Matthew W. Stolper (1984). Elam: Surveys of Political History and Archaeology . University of California Press. p.  51. ISBN   978-0-520-09950-0.
  4. D. T. Potts (1999). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. p. 282.
  5. Marvin Alan Sweeney; Ehud Ben Zvi (2003). The Changing Face of Form Criticism for the Twenty-first Century. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 141. ISBN   978-0-8028-6067-5.
  6. 1 2 3 4 D. T. Potts (12 November 2015). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge University Press. p. 458. ISBN   978-1-316-58631-0.
  7. Amnon Altman (10 May 2012). Tracing the Earliest Recorded Concepts of International Law: The Ancient Near East (2500-330 BCE). BRILL. p. 169. ISBN   978-90-04-22252-6.
  8. Marvin Alan Sweeney; Ehud Ben Zvi (2003). The Changing Face of Form Criticism for the Twenty-first Century. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 141. ISBN   978-0-8028-6067-5.
  9. Elizabeth Carter and Matthew W. Stolper (1984). Elam: Surveys of Political History and Archaeology. p. 50.