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The University of Caen Normandy is a Public university in Caen, France.
Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume Mécanique céleste (1799–1825). This work translated the geometric study of classical mechanics to one based on calculus, opening up a broader range of problems. In statistics, the Bayesian interpretation of probability was developed mainly by Laplace.
In the history of science, Laplace's demon was a notable published articulation of causal determinism on a scientific basis by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1814. According to determinism, if someone knows the precise location and momentum of every atom in the universe, their past and future values for any given time are entailed; they can be calculated from the laws of classical mechanics.
Beaumont-en-Auge is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. The town hosts one of the last kaleidoscope manufacturers in France.
STS-56 was a NASA Space Shuttle Discovery mission to perform special experiments. The mission was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 8 April 1993.
Jean Jouzel, is a prominent French glaciologist and climatologist. He has mainly worked on the reconstruction of past climate derived from the study of the Antarctic and Greenland ice. Outside the scientific community, he is famous for his activism, as a climate alarmist or as a socialist.
The Laplace plane or Laplacian plane of a planetary satellite, named after its discoverer Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827), is a mean or reference plane about whose axis the instantaneous orbital plane of that satellite precesses.
The classical definition or interpretation of probability is identified with the works of Jacob Bernoulli and Pierre-Simon Laplace. As stated in Laplace's Théorie analytique des probabilités,
The Society of Arcueil was a circle of French scientists who met regularly on summer weekends between 1806 and 1822 at the country houses of Claude Louis Berthollet and Pierre Simon Laplace at Arcueil, then a village 3 miles south of Paris.
University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines is a French public university created in 1991, located in the department of Yvelines and, since 2002, in Hauts-de-Seine. It is a constituent university of the federal Paris-Saclay University.
GEISA - GEISA is a computer-accessible spectroscopic database, designed to facilitate accurate forward radiative transfer calculations using a line-by-line and layer-by-layer approach. It was started in 1974, at Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) in France. GEISA is maintained by the ARA group at LMD for its scientific part and by the ETHER group at IPSL for its technical part. Currently, GEISA is involved in activities related to the assessment of the capabilities of IASI through the GEISA/IASI database derived from GEISA.
Promontorium Laplace is a raised mountainous cape situated at the end of Montes Jura in Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon. Its selenographic coordinates are 46.8° N, 25.5° W and it is 2600 meters high. It forms the northeast boundary of the bay of Sinus Iridum.
Pierre-Simon Laplace was a French mathematician and astronomer.
Laplace-P is a proposed orbiter and lander by the Russian Federal Space Agency designed to study the Jovian moon system and explore Ganymede with a lander.
Eric Guilyardi is a climate scientist at the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace / CNRS in France and professor of climate science at the University of Reading, in the UK. He is deputy director of the LOCEAN laboratory within IPSL and special advisor to CNRS on ocean and climate issues. He has published over 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals on topics including tropical climate variability, El Niño, ocean and climate, decadal variability and predictability, climate change, multi-model analysis, and state-of-the-art climate model development, and has been ranked as Highly Cited scientist in 2018. Eric Guilyardi was Contributing Author for IPCC TAR, has contributed as expert reviewer to the IPCC AR4 and IPCC SROCC, was a Lead Author for IPCC AR5 and Contributing Author for IPCC AR6. Eric Guilyardi has an active public engagement activity, for the general public, schools and the media. He has published several books for wider audiences on ocean, climate, science and society. He is President of the Office for Climate Education, under the auspices of UNESCO, which develops climate change education resources and professional development for teachers. He is also a member of the Scientific council of the French Ministry of Education and sits in the Ethics committee of CNRS.
The Sagan standard is a neologism abbreviating the aphorism that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" (ECREE). It is named after science communicator Carl Sagan who used the exact phrase on his television program Cosmos.
The Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement is a laboratory for the study of climate and in particular climate change. It is part of the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace, and located on campuses in L'Orme des Merisiers and Gif sur Yvette.
Traité de mécanique céleste is a five-volume treatise on celestial mechanics written by Pierre-Simon Laplace and published from 1798 to 1825 with a second edition in 1829. In 1842, the government of Louis Philippe gave a grant of 40,000 francs for a 7-volume national edition of the Oeuvres de Laplace (1843–1847); the Traité de mécanique céleste with its four supplements occupies the first 5 volumes.
Newton laid the foundations of Celestial Mechanics, at the close of the seventeenth century, by the discovery of the principle of universal gravitation. Even in his own hands, this discovery led to important consequences, but it has required a century and a half, and a regular succession of intellects the most powerful, to fill up the outline sketched by him. Of these, Laplace himself was the last, and, perhaps after Newton, the greatest; and the task commenced in the Principia of the former, is completed in the Mécanique Celéste of the latter. In this last named work, the illustrious author has proposed to himself his object, to unite all the theories scattered throughout the various channels of publication, employed by his predecessors, to reduce them to one common method, and present them all in the same point of view.
If one were asked to name the two most important works in the progress of mathematics and physics, the answer would undoubtedly be, the Principia of Newton and the Mécanique Céleste of Laplace. In their historical and philosophical aspects these works easily outrank all others, and furnish thus the standard by which all others must be measured. The distinguishing feature of the Principia is its clear and exhaustive enunciation of fundamental principles. The Mécanique Céleste, on the other hand, is conspicuous for the development of principles and for the profound generality of its methods. The Principia gives the plans and specifications of the foundations; the Mécanique Céleste affords the key to the vast and complex superstructure.
Philippe Ciais is a researcher of the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), the climate change research unit of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL). He is a physicist working on the global carbon cycle of planet Earth, climate change, ecology and geosciences.
Francois Forget is a French astrophysicist, specializing in the exploration of the solar system and planetary environments. He is a research director at the CNRS and a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
References
- ↑ "IPSL - Research laboratory, environmental sciences". www.ipsl.fr. Archived from the original on 2009-07-24.
