Ismail Haniyeh

Last updated

Ismail Haniyeh
إسماعيل هنية
03-03-2020 Ismail Haniyeh (cropped).jpg
Haniyeh in 2020
Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
In office
29 March 2006 –2 June 2014
Disputed from 14 June 2007*
Preceded by Ahmed Qurei
Succeeded by Rami Hamdallah

Ismail Haniyeh [lower-alpha 1] (born 29 January 1962) is a Palestinian politician who is seen as the overall political leader of Hamas, the de facto ruling entity of the Gaza Strip. [2] He is the current chairman of Hamas's political bureau; as of 2023, Haniyeh lives in Qatar. [3]

Contents

Haniyeh was born in the Al-Shati refugee camp in the Gaza Strip in 1962. He studied at the Islamic University of Gaza, [4] [5] where he first became involved with Hamas, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Arabic literature in 1987. Appointed to head a Hamas office in 1997, he has since grown in the ranks of the organization.

Haniyeh was head of the Hamas list that won the Palestinian legislative elections of 2006, and so became Prime Minister of the State of Palestine. President Mahmoud Abbas dismissed Haniyeh from office on 14 June 2007 at the height of the Fatah–Hamas conflict, but Haniyeh did not acknowledge the decree and continued to exercise prime ministerial authority in the Gaza Strip. [6]

Haniyeh was the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip from 2006 until February 2017, when he was replaced by Yahya Sinwar. On 6 May 2017, Haniyeh was elected chairman of Hamas's Political Bureau, replacing Khaled Mashaal; at the time, Haniyeh relocated from Gaza to Qatar. [7] [8]

Early life and education

Haniyeh was born in the Al-Shati refugee camp in the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip. His Palestinian parents had become refugees, after they fled from their home near in what is now the Israeli town Ashkelon during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. [4] In his Youth he worked in Israel to support his family. [9] He attended United Nations-run schools and graduated from the Islamic University of Gaza with a degree in Arabic literature in 1987. [4] [5] While at university he had become involved with Hamas. [4] From 1985 to 1986, he was head of the students' council representing the Muslim Brotherhood. [5] He also played as a midfielder in the Islamic Association football team. [5] He graduated at about the same time the First Intifada against the Israeli occupation started in the Gaza Strip. [4]

Early activism

Haniyeh participated in protests in the First Intifada and was given a short prison sentence by an Israeli military court. [4] He was detained by Israel again in 1988 and imprisoned for six months. [4] In 1989 he was imprisoned for three years. [4]

Following his release in 1992, the Israeli military authorities of the occupied Palestinian territories deported him to Lebanon with senior Hamas leaders Abdel-Aziz al-Rantissi, Mahmoud Zahhar, Aziz Duwaik, and 400 other activists. [4] The activists stayed at Marj al-Zahour in southern Lebanon for over a year, where according to BBC News, Hamas "received unprecedented media exposure and became known throughout the world". [4] A year later, he returned to Gaza and was appointed dean of the Islamic University. [4]

Political career

Hamas

After Israel released Ahmed Yassin from prison in 1997, Haniyeh was appointed to head his office. [4] His prominence within Hamas grew due to his relationship with Yassin and he was appointed as the representative to the Palestinian Authority. [4] His position within Hamas continued to strengthen during the Second Intifada due to his relationship with Yassin, and because of the assassinations of much of the Hamas leadership by the Israeli security forces. He was targeted by the Israel Defense Forces for his alleged involvement in attacks against Israeli citizens. Following a suicide bombing in Jerusalem in 2003, he was slightly injured on his hand by an Israeli Air Force bomb attack attempting to eliminate the Hamas leadership. In December 2005, Haniyeh was elected[ citation needed ] to head the Hamas list, which won the Legislative Council elections the following month. Haniyeh succeeded Khaled Mashaal's head leadership of Hamas in elections held in 2016. [10]

Prime minister

Graduation ceremony of police forces in Gaza, 16 June 2012 Gaza police graduation ceremony in 2012 (19).jpg
Graduation ceremony of police forces in Gaza, 16 June 2012
Haniyeh with Turkish Minister of Culture Numan Kurtulmus, 20 November 2012 Numan Kurtulmus Ismail Heniye.jpeg
Haniyeh with Turkish Minister of Culture Numan Kurtulmuş, 20 November 2012
Haniyeh and Khaled Mashal in Gaza, 8 December 2012 25th anniversary of Hamas (25).jpg
Haniyeh and Khaled Mashal in Gaza, 8 December 2012

Haniyeh was nominated as prime minister on 16 February 2006 following the Hamas "List of Change and Reform" victory on 25 January 2006. He was formally presented to president Mahmoud Abbas on 20 February and was sworn in on 29 March 2006.

Western reaction

Israel implemented a series of punitive measures, including economic sanctions, against the Palestinian Authority following the election. Acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, announced that Israel would not transfer to the Palestinian Authority an estimated $50 million per month in tax receipts that were collected by Israel on behalf of the Palestinian Authority. Haniyeh dismissed the sanctions, stating that Hamas would neither disarm nor would it recognize Israel.

Haniyeh expressed regret that Hamas was subjected to punitive measures, adding that "it [Israel] should have responded differently to the democracy expressed by the Palestinian people".[ citation needed ]

The United States demanded that $50 million in unexpended foreign aid funds for the Palestinian Authority be returned to the United States, which Palestinian Economic Minister Mazen Sonokrot agreed to do. [11] On the loss of foreign aid from the United States and the European Union, Haniyeh commented that: "The West is always using its donations to apply pressure on the Palestinian people." [12]

Several months after Hamas' 2006 election victory, Haniyeh sent a letter to US President Bush, in which he called on the "American government to have direct negotiations with the elected government", offered a long-term truce with Israel, while accepting a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders and urged an end to the international boycott, claiming that it would "encourage violence and chaos". The U.S. government did not respond and maintained its boycott. [13]

Dispute with Abbas

An agreement with Abbas was to have been reached to stop Abbas's call for new elections. On 20 October 2006, on the eve of this deal to end factional fighting between Fatah and Hamas, Haniyeh's convoy came under gunfire in Gaza and one of the cars was set on fire. [14] Haniyeh was not hurt in the attack. Hamas sources said that this was not an assassination attempt. Palestinian Authority security sources reported that the attackers were the relatives of a Fatah man killed by clashes with Hamas. [15]

Denied reentry to Gaza

During the simmering Fatah–Hamas conflict, on 14 December 2006, Haniyeh was denied entry to Gaza from Egypt at the Rafah Border Crossing. The border crossing was closed by order of Israeli Minister of Defence, Amir Peretz. Haniyeh was returning to Gaza from his first official trip abroad as prime minister. He was carrying an estimated 30 million USD in cash, intended for Palestinian Authority payments. Israeli authorities later stated that they would allow Haniyeh to cross the border provided he leave the money in Egypt, which would reportedly be transferred to an Arab League bank account. A gun battle between Hamas militants and the Palestinian Presidential Guard was reported at the Rafah Border Crossing in response to the incident. The EU monitors who operated the crossing were reportedly evacuated safely. [16] When Haniyeh later attempted to cross the border, an exchange of gunfire left one bodyguard dead and Haniyeh's eldest son wounded. Hamas denounced the incident as an attempt by rival Fatah on Haniyeh's life, prompting firefights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip between Hamas and Fatah forces. Haniyeh was quoted as saying that he knew who the alleged perpetrators were, but declined to identify them and appealed for Palestinian unity. Egypt has since offered to mediate the situation. [17]

Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007

Haniyeh and Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in 2012 Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh meeting Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.jpg
Haniyeh and Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in 2012

Haniyeh resigned on 15 February 2007 as part of the process to form a national unity government between Hamas and Fatah. [18] He formed a new government on 18 March 2007 as head of a new cabinet that included Fatah as well as Hamas politicians. [19]

On 14 June 2007, amid the Battle of Gaza, president Mahmoud Abbas announced the dissolution of the March 2007 unity government and the declaration of a state of emergency. [20] [21] Haniyeh was dismissed and Abbas ruled Gaza and the West Bank by presidential decree. [6]

After the Battle of Gaza

Around 2016, Haniyeh relocated from Gaza to Qatar. He currently maintains an office in Doha. [22]

On 13 October 2016, the Legal Committee of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) endorsed a request for the return of Haniyeh's government to the Gaza Strip, following its resignation on 2 June 2014. The endorsement was made in response to PLC's review of a study submitted by members of Hamas' parliament, angry about perceived government failings following Haniyeh's resignation. In Hamas' own words, denouncing the consensus government's "reneging on the internal accord between Hamas and factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization to form the 2014 consensus government, and replacing a number of ministers with Fatah leaders – turning it into a Fatah government." Despite the PLC recommendation and Hamas' plea, both the consensus government and Fatah refused the request, citing in a press release its illegality and risk of further divisions between Hamas-controlled Gaza and the West Bank. [23]

Head of Hamas political bureau

As of November 2016, reports circulated regarding Haniyeh's succession of Khaled Mashaal as leader of Hamas. [24] Mashaal, Haniyeh and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas met in Qatar recently to discuss national reconciliation and the upcoming national elections. [25] This meeting signaled that Haniyeh had been selected over the other two likely candidates, senior Hamas member Moussa Mohammed Abu Marzook and Hamas leader Mahmoud Zahhar. [26]

In 2018 he was placed on United States' list of specially designated global terrorists. [27]

Haniyeh left Gaza in September to visit a series of Arab and Muslim states in preparation for his new role, and officially relocated to the Qatari capital of Doha, where Mashaal has been residing. [28] It is expected of the head of Hamas' politburo to live outside of the Gaza Strip. [24]

In February 2020, Haniyeh met with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. U.S. State Department stated: "President Erdogan’s continued outreach to this terrorist organization only serves to isolate Turkey from the international community, harms the interests of the Palestinian people, and undercuts global efforts to prevent terrorist attacks launched from Gaza." [29]

In August 2020, Haniyeh called Mahmoud Abbas and rejected the peace agreement between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, something which Reuters called a "rare show of unity". [30]

On 26 July 2023, Haniyeh met with Erdoğan and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. Behind the meeting was Turkey's effort to reconcile Fatah with Hamas. [31]

Israel–Hamas war

On 7 October 2023, the day of the Hamas attack on Israel, Haniyeh was in Istanbul, Turkey. [32] Haniyeh gave a televised address in which he cited threats to Al-Aqsa mosque and the Israeli blockade of Gaza, and plight of Palestinian refugees: [33] "How many times have we warned you that the Palestinian people have been living in refugee camps for 75 years, and you refuse to recognise the rights of our people?" [33] He went on to say that Israel, "which cannot protect itself in the face of resistors", could not provide protection for other Arab countries, and that "all the normalization agreements that you signed with that entity cannot resolve this (Palestinian) conflict" [34] [35]

PCPSR opinion poll on Palestinian presidential election candidates [36]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
WestBank (Sep 2023)
WestBank (Dec 2023)
GazaStrip (Sep 2023)
GazaStrip (Dec 2023)
  •   Ismail Haniyeh
  •   Mahmoud Abbas

On 10 October, Haniyeh said Hamas would not consider the release of any Israeli captives until the war was over. He claimed that the scope of Israel's retaliation was a reflection of the "resounding impact" the October 7 attack had on the country, and reiterated that the Palestinian people in Gaza had a "willingness to sacrifice all that is precious for the sake of their freedom and dignity.” He added that Israel "will pay a heavy price for their crimes and terrorism [against the people of Palestine]." [37]

On 15 October 2023, Times of Israel said that Haniyeh "was politely sent away" from Turkey; Turkey officially denied these reports. [38] Haniyeh later met with Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian in Doha, Qatar. [39]

On 16 October 2023, Haniyeh and Turkey's Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan discussed the possibility of releasing the hostages taken during the Hamas attack on Israel. [40] On 21 October 2023, Haniyeh spoke with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan about the latest developments in the Israel–Hamas war and the current situation in Gaza. [41]

On 1 November 2023, Haniyeh accused Israel of committing "barbaric massacres against unarmed civilians" after Israel conducted an attack on the Jabalia refugee camp in an operation targeting senior Hamas member Ibrahim Biari, and resolved that fighting would continue until "Palestinians obtain their 'legitimate rights to freedom, independence and return'". [42]

On 2 November 2023, Haniyeh stated that if Israel agreed to a ceasefire and the opening of humanitarian corridors to bring more aid into Gaza, Hamas is "ready for political negotiations for a two-state solution with Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine,” adding that "Israeli captives are subjected to the same destruction and death as our people." [43]

On 13 December, an opinion poll by showed that Haniyeh would defeat incumbent Mahmoud Abbas by a landslide for the position of President of the State of Palestine (78% for Haniyeh and 16% for Abbas). [44] However, in a three-way race between Haniyeh, Abbas and Marwan Barhgouti, Barghouti would win 47%, Haniyeh would win 43% and Abbas would win 7%. Barghouti is under solitary imprisonment by Israel. [45]

On 20 May 2024, an arrest warrant was launched against Haniyeh by the International Criminal Court (ICC) on several counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity. [46] [47]

ICC arrest warrant

On 20 May 2024, an arrest warrant for Haniyeh, as well as for other Palestinian and Israeli leaders, was requested by the International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor Karim Khan as part of the ICC investigation in Palestine, on several counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Israel-Hamas war. [48] [49]

Views

Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy

During the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy in 2006, Haniyeh strongly objected to the Pope's remarks: "In the name of the Palestinian people, we condemn the Pope’s remarks on Islam. These remarks go against the truth and touch the heart of our faith." He also denounced the Palestinian attacks on churches in the West Bank and Gaza. [50]

Relations with Israel

In August 2006, on his first visit abroad as prime minister to Iran, Haniyeh said: "We will never recognize the usurper Zionist government and will continue our jihad-like movement until the liberation of Jerusalem". [51] In December 2010, Haniyeh stated at a news conference in Gaza, "We accept a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital, the release of Palestinian prisoners, and the resolution of the issue of refugees." In addition, he said that if the Palestinian electorate approves such a peace agreement with Israel, his government will abide by it notwithstanding previous Hamas positions on the issue. [52]

On 23 March 2014, during a festival commemorating the tenth anniversary of the assassination of Sheik Ahmad Yassin, Haniyeh delivered a speech to a crowd of Hamas supporters, saying "From within Gaza, I repeat again and again: We will not recognize Israel... The Gaza blockade is unfortunately getting tighter and tighter." During this speech, the crowd chanted "Move forward Hamas, move! We are the cannon and you are the bullets. … Oh Qassam, our beloved, bombard Tel Aviv." [53]

Osama bin Laden

On 2 May 2011, Osama bin Laden was killed by US forces, and the killing was praised by Hamas's rival Fatah. [54] Haniyeh instead referred to bin Laden as an "Arab holy warrior" [55] and condemned his killing as "the continuation of the American oppression and shedding of blood of Muslims and Arabs". [54] Political analysts said the remarks were an attempt to cool differences in the Gaza Strip with Al-Qaeda-inspired Salafi groups, which condemn Hamas as too moderate. [54] Another analyst wrote that Haniyeh's statement was directed at an Arab audience, and he saw an opportunity to distinguish Hamas from Fatah and exploit anti-American sentiment. [56] The United States government condemned his remarks as "outrageous". [57]

Personal and family life

Haniyeh praying behind Khamenei during the funeral of Qasem Soleimani Qasem Soleimani funeral 2.jpg
Haniyeh praying behind Khamenei during the funeral of Qasem Soleimani

Haniyeh is married and has 13 children, three of whom were killed in 2024. [58] In 2009, the family lived in Al-Shati refugee camp in the northern Gaza Strip. [5] In 2010, Haniyeh purchased a 2,500 square metres (0.6 acres) parcel of land in Rimal, a Gaza City beachfront neighborhood. [58] Haniyeh registered the land in the name of his son-in-law. [58] Subsequently, Haniyeh reportedly purchased additional homes and registered them under the names of his children. [58] According to a 2014 Ynet article, Haniyeh is a millionaire, stemming from the 20% tax charged on all items entering through tunnels from Egypt to the Gaza Strip. [58] Haniyeh's eldest son was arrested by Egyptian authorities at the Rafah Border Crossing with several million dollars, which he intended to take into Gaza. [58]

Haniyeh's sisters, Kholidia, Laila, and Sabah, are Israeli citizens and live in the Bedouin town of Tel as-Sabi in southern Israel. [59] Kholodia moved to Tel as-Sabi first and then her two sisters followed. [59] Kholidia's husband said "Our life is normal here and we want it to continue." [59] Laila and Sabah are both widowed but remain in Tel as-Sabi, presumably to retain their Israeli citizenship. [59] Some of the children of the three sisters have served in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). [59]

In early 2012, Israeli authorities granted a request to travel by Haniyeh's sister, Suhila Abd el‑Salam Ahmed Haniyeh, and her critically ill husband for emergency heart treatment that could not be treated by hospitals in Gaza. [60] After successful treatment at the Rabin Medical Center in Petah Tikva, Israel, the couple returned to Gaza. [60] Haniyeh's granddaughter was treated in an Israeli hospital in November 2013 and his mother-in-law was treated in an Israeli hospital in June 2014. [61] In October 2014, a few months after the 2014 Israel–Gaza War, Haniyeh's daughter spent a week in an Israeli hospital in Tel Aviv for emergency treatment after she suffered complications from a routine procedure. [61]

In September 2016, Haniyeh left Gaza with his wife and two of his sons for the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, known as the Hajj. This trip, interpreted as a campaign commencement, bolstered reports that Haniyeh was to replace Mashaal. [62] He went to Qassim Suleimani's funeral, in Tehran, Iran in 2020. [63] [64]

Haniyeh currently lives in Qatar. [65] [66] [67] [68]

In October 2023, 14 members of his family were killed in an Israeli airstrike on his family home in Gaza City, among them a brother and nephew. [69] In November 2023, a granddaughter of his was reportedly killed in an Israeli airstrike in Gaza City. [70] Later that month his eldest grandson was killed in an Israeli strike. [71] Three of his sons and three grandchildren were killed in an Israeli airstrike in the Gaza Strip on 10 April 2024. [72] [73]

Notes

  1. ↑ Arabic: إسماعيل هنية, romanized:  Ismaʻīl Haniyya ⓘ ; sometimes transliterated as Haniya, Haniyah, or Hanieh

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamas</span> Palestinian political and military organization

Hamas, an acronym of its official name, Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya, is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist political and military movement governing the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip since 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palestinian Authority</span> Interim government in Western Asia

The Palestinian Authority, officially known as the Palestinian National Authority or the State of Palestine, is the Fatah-controlled government body that exercises partial civil control over West Bank areas "A" and "B" as a consequence of the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords. The Palestinian Authority controlled the Gaza Strip prior to the Palestinian elections of 2006 and the subsequent Gaza conflict between the Fatah and Hamas parties, when it lost control to Hamas; the PA continues to claim the Gaza Strip, although Hamas exercises de facto control. Since January 2013, the Palestinian Authority has used the name "State of Palestine" on official documents, although the United Nations continues to recognize the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) as the "representative of the Palestinian people".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahmoud Abbas</span> President of the State of Palestine since 2005

Mahmoud Abbas, also known by the kunya Abu Mazen, is the president of the State of Palestine and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). He has been the chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 2004, PNA president since January 2005, and State of Palestine president since May 2005. Abbas is also a member of the Fatah party and was elected chairman in 2009.

Mohammad Yusuf Dahlan born on 29 September 1961 in Khan Yunis Refugee Camp, Khan Yunis, Gaza Strip also known by the kunya Abu Fadi is a Palestinian politician, the former leader of Fatah in Gaza. Dahlan was born to a refugee family from Hamama, the youngest of six children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palestinian Prisoners' Document</span> 2006 document by Palestinian prisoners

The Prisoners' Document, officially the National Conciliation Document of the Prisoners was written in May 2006 by Palestinian prisoners, who were being held in an Israeli jail. The five prisoners who took part in writing the Document were respectively affiliated with Fatah, Hamas, Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP).

The Palestinian Authority Government of March 2006, also known as the First Haniyeh Government, was a government of the Palestinian National Authority (PA), led by Ismail Haniyeh, that was sworn in on 29 March 2006 and was followed by the Palestinian unity government of 17 March 2007. On 25 January 2006, Hamas won the election for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) with 44.4% of the vote vs Fatah's 41.4%, and its leader Haniyeh formed the government, which comprised mostly Hamas members as well as four independents, after Fatah and other factions had refused to form a government with Hamas. It was the first Hamas-led PA government in the Palestinian territories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fatah–Hamas conflict</span> Palestinian factional conflict since 2006

The Fatah–Hamas conflict is an ongoing political and strategic conflict between Fatah and Hamas, the two main Palestinian political parties in the Palestinian territories, leading to the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007. The reconciliation process and unification of Hamas and Fatah administrations remains unfinalized and the situation is deemed a frozen conflict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Haniyeh Government</span> Palestinian Authority unity government

The Second Haniyeh Government, also known as the Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007, was a Palestinian Authority unity government headed by Ismail Haniyeh, the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority that was formed on 17 March 2007 and dissolved on 14 June 2007.

The History of Hamas is an account of the Palestinian Islamist fundamentalist socio-political organization with an associated paramilitary force, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. Hamas (حماس) Ḥamās is an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamat al-Islāmiyyah, meaning "Islamic Resistance Movement".

Events in the year 2007 in the Palestinian territories.

The Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement was a reconciliation attempt between Fatah and Hamas, signed on 7 February 2012. The parties agreed to form an interim national consensus government composed of independent technocrats, to prepare for upcoming elections. It would be led by Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. The envisioned government did not materialize.

The 25th anniversary of the founding of Hamas took place on Saturday, December 8, 2012. A rally involving hundreds of thousands of Palestinians was held in Gaza Strip and various celebrations were conducted all over the Palestinian Authority. Thousands of jubilant Hamas supporters openly raised green flags in the West Bank, to celebrate the Islamic organisation's 25th anniversary.

The Hamas government of June 2007 led by Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas was the de facto government in the Gaza Strip after a fierce inter-factional Palestinian warfare in the Gaza Strip, in which Hamas ousted Fatah from the Gaza Strip. The Hamas government was not appointed by PA President Mahmoud Abbas nor approved by the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). It exercised de facto rule over the Gaza Strip, and was not recognised by any foreign government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamas government in the Gaza Strip</span> Political situation in the Palestinian territory of Gaza since the 2007 takeover by Hamas

Hamas has governed the Gaza Strip in Palestine since its takeover of the region from rival party Fatah in June 2007. Hamas' government was led by Ismail Haniyeh from 2007 until February 2017, when Haniyeh was replaced as leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip by Yahya Sinwar. As of November 2023, Yahya Sinwar continues to be the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip. In January 2024, due to the ongoing Israel–Hamas war, Israel said that Hamas lost control of most of the northern part of the Gaza Strip. In May 2024, Hamas regrouped in the north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</span> Former official head of government of the Palestinian Authority government

The prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority was the position of the official head of government of the Palestinian Authority government, which operated between 2003 and January 2013, when it was officially transformed into the State of Palestine. Some still refer to the position of the prime minister of the Gaza Strip as the prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Gaza (2007)</span> Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip from Fatah

The Battle of Gaza was a military conflict between Fatah and Hamas that took place in the Gaza Strip from 10 to 15 June 2007. It was a prominent event in the Fatah–Hamas conflict, centered on the struggle for power after Fatah lost the 2006 Palestinian legislative election. The battle resulted in the dissolution of the unity government and the de facto division of the Palestinian territories into two entities: the West Bank governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and the Gaza Strip governed by Hamas. Hamas fighters took control of the Gaza Strip, while Fatah officials were either taken as prisoners, executed, or expelled. The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights reported that at least 161 people were killed and more than 700 were wounded during the fighting.

The 2014 Fatah–Hamas Agreements were two successive reconciliation agreements between Fatah and Hamas, concluded in 2014. The Gaza Agreement was signed in Gaza City on 23 April 2014 by Ismail Haniyeh, the prime minister of the Hamas administration in Gaza, and a senior Palestine Liberation Organisation delegation dispatched by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. Its main purpose was reconciliation between the parties and the formation of a Palestinian Unity Government within five weeks, to be followed by general elections within six months. The Unity Government was formed on 2 June 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process</span> Political initiative in Palestine

A series of attempts to resolve the hostility between Fatah and Hamas have been made since their 2006–2007 conflict and Hamas' subsequent takeover of the Gaza Strip.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamas government of October 2016</span> De facto Palestinian government in Gaza Strip

The Hamas government of October 2016 is a faction of the Palestinian government based in Gaza and is effectively the third Hamas dominated government in the Gaza Strip since the takeover of Gaza by Hamas. On October 17, 2016 Supreme Administrative Committee, which is in the process of building progressive ministries in Gaza, reshuffles active ministries and repositions of 16 ministers and director generals in government institutions. The government in Gaza is composed of ministers, governors-general and other high-level officials linked directly to the Ramallah administration. Initially, it was speculated that the formation of the Hamas government in 2016 was an attempt by Ismail Haniya to return to full Hamas control of Gaza. As part of government reform, it was decided to expand the Ministry of Planning. The United States, Canada, the European Union, Japan and Israel classify Hamas as a state institution in Gaza associated with the PLO government and recognize the PLO government as the legitimate government of Gaza territory. The Hamas government is recognized by the Palestine State Administration in Ramallah.

The 2022 Palestinian reconciliation agreement, officially the Algerian document for Palestinian reconciliation and referred to by the Algiers declaration in Arab media, is an agreement signed by 14 different Palestinian factions, including Fatah and Hamas, as part of the reconciliation process between the two factions in a conflict that started in the aftermath of the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections and included the 2007 Hamas takeover of Gaza. Months of talks leading to the deal were conducted in Algeria in preparation for the first Arab League summit since the COVID pandemic.

References

  1. ↑ "Hamas appoints West Bank terror chief as its deputy leader". The Times of Israel. 5 October 2017. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  2. ↑ Alshawabkeh, Lina (17 October 2023). "Who are the leaders of Hamas?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  3. ↑ "Ismail Haniyeh". Counter Extremism Project. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Profile: Hamas PM Ismail Haniya". BBC. 14 December 2006. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Donald Macintyre (3 January 2009). "Hamas PM Ismail Haniyeh at war with Israel – and his own rivals". Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  6. 1 2 "Abbas sacks Hamas-led government". BBC News. 14 June 2007. Archived from the original on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  7. ↑ "Ex-Gaza leader Haniyeh reportedly to replace Mashaal as Hamas head". The Times of Israel. 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  8. ↑ "Hamas says Ismail Haniyeh chosen as Islamic group's leader". Yahoo News. 7 May 2017. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  9. ↑ "Legitimacy of Israel's War on Hamas Undermined by Civilian Toll - Diplomacy in Ireland - The European Diplomat". 13 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  10. ↑ "Khaled Mashaal to step down as Hamas leader – report". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  11. ↑ "PNA agrees to return 50-million-dollar fund to US" Archived 19 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine , Xinhua , 19 February 2006
  12. ↑ "Hamas dismisses Israeli sanctions" Archived 19 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine , BBC , 20 February 2006
  13. ↑ "In 2006 letter to Bush, Haniyeh offered compromise with Israel". Haaretz. 14 November 2008. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  14. ↑ "Haniya unhurt in convoy shooting" Archived 8 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine , BBC , 20 October 2006
  15. ↑ "Haniyeh unhurt by attack on convoy in Gaza" Archived 23 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine , Haaretz , 20 October 2006
  16. ↑ "Palestinian PM denied Gaza entry" Archived 7 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine , BBC , 14 December 2006
  17. ↑ "Egypt seeks to ease Gaza tensions" Archived 7 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine , BBC , 15 December 2006
  18. ↑ "Palestinian unity deal under way" Archived 17 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine BBC , 15 February 2007
  19. ↑ Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) Education System and Policy Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. Lulu.com. 3 March 2008. p. 15. ISBN   978-1-4330-6755-6.
  20. ↑ "Abbas Dissolves Palestinian Authority Government in Wake of Hamas-Fatah War". Fox News. 14 June 2007. Archived from the original on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  21. ↑ Levinson, Charles; Matthew Moore (14 June 2007). "Abbas declares state of emergency in Gaza". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 18 June 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  22. ↑ Rothwell, James. "THE HAMAS LEADER BEHIND GROUP'S DEADLIEST ATTACK ON ISRAEL". The Telegraph (UK). Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  23. ↑ "Hamas calls for return of Haniyeh's government". Al-Monitor. 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  24. 1 2 "Ex-Gaza leader Haniyeh reportedly to replace Mashaal as Hamas head". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  25. ↑ "Abbas, Hamas leaders hold first talks in two years to discuss Palestinian unity". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 5 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  26. ↑ Alabbasi, Mamoon (15 November 2016). "Will there be changes under new Hamas and Fatah leaders?". Middle East Online. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  27. ↑ "State Department Terrorist Designations of Ismail Haniyeh, Harakat al-Sabireen, Liwa al-Thawra, and Harakat Sawa'd Misr (HASM)". U.S. Embassy in Israel. US Department of State. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  28. ↑ "Shadowy Hamas official with ties to Iran tapped to lead Gaza". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  29. ↑ "US Criticizes Turkey for Hosting Hamas Leaders". VOA News. 26 August 2020. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  30. ↑ Farrell, Stephen (13 August 2020). "Israel hails UAE deal but Palestinians – and settlers – dismayed". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  31. ↑ "Erdogan hosts PA's Abbas, Hamas head Haniyeh to prepare for détente talks". The Times of Israel. 26 July 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  32. ↑ Tastekin, Fehim. "Eying Gaza mediator role, Turkey cools Hamas ties, Erdogan restrains rhetoric". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  33. 1 2 "Israel vows 'mighty vengeance' after surprise attack". Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  34. ↑ "Hamas leader Haniyeh: Battle 'will spread to West Bank, Jerusalem'". Arab News. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  35. ↑ "Hamas leader Haniyeh says Israel can't provide protection for Arab countries". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  36. ↑ "Public Opinion Poll No (90)" (PDF). Palestinian Center for POLICY and SURVEY RESEARCH. 13 December 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  37. ↑ "Haniyeh says Israeli prisoner issue won't be dealt with until war ends". Middle East Monitor. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  38. ↑ "Ankara officially denies booting Hamas chief over October 7 massacres". Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  39. ↑ "Report: Hamas chiefs were asked to leave Turkey after October 7 attacks". The Times of Israel. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  40. ↑ "Turkey discusses with Hamas the release of civilian hostages -foreign ministry source". Reuters. 16 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  41. ↑ "Turkey's Erdogan discussed Gaza with Hamas leader - Turkish presidenc". Reuters. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  42. ↑ "Hamas leader accuses Israel of 'barbaric massacres' after refugee camp hit". Al Jazeera. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  43. ↑ "Haniyeh says Hamas ready for negotiations on a two-state solution if Israel stops war on Gaza". Al-Ahram. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  44. ↑ "Palestinian poll shows a rise in Hamas support and close to 90% wanting US-backed Abbas to resign". Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  45. ↑ "Israel Finally Reveals New Location for Marwan Barghouti". Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  46. ↑ Khan, Karim A.A (20-05-2024). "Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC: Applications for arrest warrants in the situation in the State of Palestine". Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.{{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  47. ↑ Kottasová, Ivana (20 May 2024). "EXCLUSIVE: ICC seeks arrest warrants against Sinwar and Netanyahu for war crimes over October 7 attack and Gaza war". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  48. ↑ Khan, Karim A.A (20 May 2024). "Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC: Applications for arrest warrants in the situation in the State of Palestine". Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  49. ↑ Kottasová, Ivana (20 May 2024). "EXCLUSIVE: ICC seeks arrest warrants against Sinwar and Netanyahu for war crimes over October 7 attack and Gaza war". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  50. ↑ Fisher, Ian (16 September 2006). "Pope Apologizes for Uproar over His Remarks". The New York Times . Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  51. ↑ "Palestinian prime minister vows not to recognize Israel". USA Today. 8 December 2006. Archived from the original on 10 December 2006. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  52. ↑ "Hamas vows to honor Palestinian referendum on peace with Israel". Haaretz. 1 December 2012. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  53. ↑ Low turnout at Hamas rally sign of declining support? Archived 20 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine By Asmaa al-Ghoul, Al Monitor, 27 March 2014
  54. 1 2 3 Abbas government welcomes bin Laden death, Hamas deplores Archived 22 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine , Reuters 2 May 2011
  55. ↑ "Bush, victims, world leaders react to bin Laden's death". NBC News. 2 May 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  56. ↑ Lazar Berman. "Did Hamas Really Just Say That?". Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  57. ↑ "US: Hamas Leader's bin Laden Remarks 'Outrageous'" by David Gollust Archived 31 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine , Voice of America,3 May 2011
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Peskin, Doron (15 July 2014). "Hamas got rich as Gaza was plunged into poverty". Ynet . Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hamas leader's three sisters live secretly in Israel as full citizens". The Telegraph. 2 June 2006. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  60. 1 2 "Hamas PM's brother-in-law treated in Israeli hospital". Al Arabiya. 8 August 2012. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  61. 1 2 Williams, Dan (19 October 2014). "Hamas leader's daughter received medical treatment in Israel: sources". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  62. ↑ "The arcane pathway to Hamas's top post, and who might win it". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  63. ↑ "Hamas leader Haniyeh attends Soleimani's funeral in Iran". Arab News. 6 January 2020. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  64. ↑ "Hamas leader attends Soleimani's funeral in Iran". Al Arabiya English. 6 January 2020. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  65. ↑ Alshawabkeh, Lina (17 October 2023). "Hamas: Who are the group's most prominent leaders?". BBC. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  66. ↑ Dyer, Evan (18 October 2023). "How tiny Qatar hosts the leaders of Hamas without consequences". CBC News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  67. ↑ Stein, Jeff (2 November 2023). "Hamas's vast financial network faces new U.S. scrutiny". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  68. ↑ "Who is Ismail Haniyeh? Senior Hamas leader who leads a lavish lifestyle in Qatar". The Economic Times. 12 October 2023. ISSN   0013-0389. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  69. ↑ "Israel strikes Gaza home of Hamas political leader-in-exile, killing 14". The Times of Israel. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  70. ↑ "Granddaughter of Hamas chief Haniyeh reportedly killed in Gaza". Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  71. ↑ "Palestinian media: Ismail Haniyeh's grandson killed in IDF attack in Gaza". Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  72. ↑ "Israeli air attack kills 3 children, 3 grandchildren of Hamas leader Haniyeh: Report". Al Jazeera. 10 April 2024. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  73. ↑ "Israeli airstrike kills three sons of Hamas political leader in Gaza as ceasefire talks stutter". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
2006–2014 (in dissidence in the Gaza Strip only from June 2007)		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.