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Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva. The practice is found in some countries of Africa,Asia and the Middle East,and within their respective diasporas. As of 2023,UNICEF estimates that "at least 200 million girls... in 31 countries",including Indonesia,Iraq,Yemen,and 27 African countries including Egypt—had been subjected to one or more types of female genital mutilation.
Efua Dorkenoo,OBE,affectionately known as "Mama Efua",was a Ghanaian-British campaigner against female genital mutilation (FGM) who pioneered the global movement to end the practice and worked internationally for more than 30 years to see the campaign "move from a problem lacking in recognition to a key issue for governments around the world."
International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is a United Nations-sponsored annual awareness day that takes place on February 6 as part of the UN's efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation. It was first introduced in 2003.
Rukiya Kulany Chekamondo,sometimes spelled as Rukia Kulany Chekamondo,is a Ugandan educator and politician. She was the State Minister for Privatization in the Ministry of Finance,from June 2006 until May 2011. In the cabinet reshuffle of 27 May 2011,she was dropped from the cabinet and replaced by Aston Kajara. She also served as the elected Member of Parliament (MP),for Kapchorwa District Women's Representative,from 2006 until 2011. During the 2011 national elections,she was defeated by the current incumbent MP,Phyllis Chemutai,an Independent politician.
The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom applying to England,Wales and Northern Ireland. It replaced the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985,extending the ban on female genital mutilation to address the practice of taking girls abroad to undergo FGM procedures,and increased the maximum penalty from 5 to 14 years' imprisonment. The Act does not extend to Scotland:the corresponding legislation there is the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005.
Research Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women is an international non-governmental organisation working to eliminate female circumcision and female genital mutilation.
Nahid Toubia is a Sudanese surgeon and women's health rights activist,specializing in research into female genital mutilation.
Comfort Iyabo Amah Momoh,is a British midwife who specializes in the treatment of female genital mutilation (FGM). Born in Nigeria,Momoh is a member of the British FGM national clinical group,established in 2007 to train health professionals in how to deal with the practice. Until 2017 she served as a public-health specialist at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in London. She is the editor of Female Genital Mutilation (2005).
Female genital mutilation (FGM),also known as female genital cutting (FGC),female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision,is practiced in 30 countries in western,eastern,and north-eastern Africa,in parts of the Middle East and Asia,and within some immigrant communities in Europe,North America and Australia. The WHO defines the practice as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia,or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons."
Ifrah Ahmed is a Somali-Irish social activist. She is the founder of the United Youth of Ireland non-governmental organization and the Ifrah Foundation.
Nimko Ali,alternatively spelled Nimco,is a British social activist of Somali heritage. She is the co-founder and CEO of The Five Foundation,a global partnership to end female genital mutilation (FGM).
Leyla Hussein is a Somali-born British psychotherapist,social activist and university administrator. She is the founder of Dahlia project,one of the co-founders of the Daughters of Eve non-profit organization and a Chief Executive of Hawa's Haven. In 2020,Hussein was elected Rector of the University of St Andrews,making her the third woman and first woman of colour to hold this position.
Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia of women and girls living in the UK. According to Equality Now and City University London,an estimated 103,000 women and girls aged 15–49 were thought to be living with female genital mutilation (FGM) in England and Wales as of 2011.
Female genital mutilation (FGM),also known as female circumcision or female genital cutting,includes any procedure involving the removal or injury of part or all of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. While the practice is most common in Africa,Asia,and the Middle East,FGM is also widespread in immigrant communities and metropolitan areas in the United States,and was performed by doctors regularly until the 1980s.
Female genital mutilation (FGM),also known as Female circumcision or Female Genital Cutting (FGC) in Nigeria accounts for the most female genital cutting/mutilation (FGM/C) cases worldwide. The practice is customarily a family tradition that the young female of the age 0-15 would experience. It is a procedure that involves partial or completely removing the external females genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whenever for non-medical reasons.
Margaret Komuhangi is a Ugandan politician. She is the elected Woman Member of Parliament for Nakasongola District and the representative for NRM,the ruling political party in Uganda. She previously served as the chairperson,committee on Gender,Labour and Social Development,from 2014 to 2018.
The legal status of female genital mutilation (FGM),also known as female genital cutting (FGC),differs widely across the world.
Fatou Baldeh MBE is a Gambian FGM survivor and women's rights activist who campaigns to end female genital mutilation (FGM).
Gertrude Kulany was a Ugandan legislator,politician and anti- Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) activist. Kulany served in the Constituent Assembly in 1994 and later represented Kapchorwa District as a Woman Member of Parliament between 2001 and 2006 in Uganda's seventh parliament.
Ann-Marie Wilson is a British psychologist and anti-FGM activist. She founded 28 Too Many,a UK-based organisation that aims to eradicate female genital mutilation. She also speaks out against violence against women.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Kuka survived female circumcision and dedicates her life to protecting all Sabiny women". Monitor. 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ "CMIS Repository | Parliament of Uganda". Archived from the original on 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ "Uganda: Kuka Advises Women on Polls". Allafrica.com. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
- ↑ "[Ugnet] Uganda Women in Leadership". Mail-archive.com. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ "RDCs Reshuffled". 93.3 KFM. 2014-02-06. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ "News briefs". New Vision. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ SSEKANDI, JAMES. "Politicians urged on FGM". The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ independent, The (2009-11-18). "Soon you may go to prison for modifying women's body parts". The Independent Uganda. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ Kibet, Daniel (2020-12-19). "Beatrice Chelangat Determined to Stamp Out FGM". KIDA POST. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ Gender justice, development, and rights. Maxine Molyneux, Shahra Razavi, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Oxford University Press. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-19-925645-4. OCLC 63294734.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - 1 2 "Frances Kuka wins Lifetime Achiever at Tumaini awards". New Vision. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ "President Kagame and Nguema receive prestigious awards | State House Uganda". Statehouse.go.ug. Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ "The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018" (PDF). Gazettes.africa. Retrieved 2022-04-12.