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In ethics,casuistry is a process of reasoning that seeks to resolve moral problems by extracting or extending abstract rules from a particular case,and reapplying those rules to new instances. This method occurs in applied ethics and jurisprudence. The term is also used pejoratively to criticise the use of clever but unsound reasoning,especially in relation to moral questions. It has been defined as follows:
Study of cases of conscience and a method of solving conflicts of obligations by applying general principles of ethics,religion,and moral theology to particular and concrete cases of human conduct. This frequently demands an extensive knowledge of natural law and equity,civil law,ecclesiastical precepts,and an exceptional skill in interpreting these various norms of conduct....
Ethics or moral philosophy is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. It investigates normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. It is usually divided into three major fields:normative ethics,applied ethics,and metaethics.
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Virtue ethics is an approach that treats virtue and character as the primary subjects of ethics,in contrast to other ethical systems that put consequences of voluntary acts,principles or rules of conduct,or obedience to divine authority in the primary role.
Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory developed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant that is based on the notion that "I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.”It is also associated with the idea that “[i]t is impossible to think of anything at all in the world,or indeed even beyond it,that could be considered good without limitation except a good will." The theory was developed in the context of Enlightenment rationalism. It states that an action can only be moral if it is motivated by a sense of duty,and its maxim may be rationally willed a universal,objective law.
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Ann M. Mongoven is an American philosophy professor and medical ethicist. She earned her Ph.D. in religious studies/ethics from the University of Virginia in 1996 and a M.P.H. from the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2006. Mongoven taught courses at Indiana University/Bloomington before going on to teach at Michigan State University where she currently holds a dual appointment with the philosophy department and the Center for Ethics and Humanities in the Life Sciences. Mongoven is also a Michigan State University Lilly Teaching Fellow and was an ethics consultant for the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
Jamie Lindemann Nelson is a philosophy professor and bioethicist currently teaching at Michigan State University. Nelson earned her doctorate in philosophy at the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1980 and taught at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and St. John's University before moving to Michigan State University. In addition,Nelson was an Associate for Ethical Studies at The Hastings Center from 1990–95 and is both a Woodrow Wilson Visiting Fellow and a Fellow of the Hastings Center. Nelson usually teaches courses on biomedical ethics,ethical theory,moral psychology,feminist theory,and philosophy of language.
Thomas Tomlinson is a philosophy professor and medical ethicist currently teaching at Michigan State University,where he holds a joint appointment in the Lyman Briggs College and the philosophy department.
Jan Deckers works in bioethics at Newcastle University. His work revolves mainly around three topics:animal ethics,reproductive ethics and embryo research,and ethics of genetics.
S. Matthew Liao is an American philosopher specializing in bioethics and normative ethics. He is internationally known for his work on topics including children’s rights and human rights,novel reproductive technologies,neuroethics,and the ethics of artificial intelligence. Liao currently holds the Arthur Zitrin Chair of Bioethics,and is the Director of the Center for Bioethics and Affiliated Professor in the Department of Philosophy at New York University. He has previously held appointments at Oxford,Johns Hopkins,Georgetown,and Princeton.
Susan Sherwin is a Canadian philosopher. Her pioneering work has shaped feminist theory,ethics and bioethics,and she is considered one of the world's foremost feminist ethicists.
References
- 1 2 3 "Judith Andre CV". 2008. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012.
- 1 2 Michigan State University Philosophy Department Archived August 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine accessed May 30, (2011)
- ↑ Andre, Judith. "Nagel, Williams, and Moral Luck" in Moral Luck, Daniel Statman, ed. Albany: SUNY Press (1993).
- ↑ Andre, Judith. "Blocked Exchanges: A Taxonomy" in Pluralism, Justice and Equality, David Miller and Michael Walzer, eds Oxford: Oxford University Press (1995) 171–196.
- ↑ Andre, Judith, In: O'Reilly A, ed. Maternal Thinking: Philosophy, Politics, Practice. Toronto: Demeter Press (2009)
- ↑ Andre, Judith, In Callicott JB, Frodeman R, eds. Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy. MacMillan Reference Books (2008)
- ↑ Andre, Judith, "Bioethics as Practice", Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press (2002)
- ↑ Momeyer, Richard W. (2004). "Bioethics as Practice". Teaching Philosophy. 27 (1): 80–85. doi:10.5840/teachphil20042717.
- ↑ Gordon, E.J. (2004). "Bioethics as Practice". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 13: 307–309.
- ↑ Wittrup, Eleanor (2016). "Worldly Virtue, by Judith Andre". Teaching Philosophy. 39 (1): 110–113. doi:10.5840/teachphil201639112.
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