Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)

Last updated

Leader of the Government in the Senate
Coat of Arms of Australia.svg
Commonwealth Coat of Arms
Flag of Australia (converted).svg
Flag of Australia
Penny Wong DFAT official (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Penny Wong
since 23 May 2022 (2022-05-23)
Australian Government
Australian Senate
Style The Honourable
Inaugural holder Richard O'Connor

The Leader of the Government in the Senate (historically also known as the Leader of the Senate) is the government's most senior cabinet minister in the Australian Senate and the main government spokesperson in the Senate. [1] [2] His or her Opposition counterpart is the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate. [3]

Contents

The current Leader of the Government in the Senate is Penny Wong, elected unanimously to the position on 23 May 2022, replacing Simon Birmingham. The current Deputy Leader of the Government in the Senate is Don Farrell.

Role and history

According to constitutional convention, the government is formed in the House of Representatives and the Prime Minister is a member of that chamber and the Prime Minister is the leader of the Government in the House of Representatives. The Leader of the Government in the Senate has duties and privileges that parallel those of the Prime Minister, in that he or she has overarching responsibility for all policy areas and acts as the government's principal spokesperson in the upper house. He or she is also entitled to sit at the table of the Senate, and has priority in gaining recognition from the President of the Senate during debate. [3] Another similarity is that the leader typically announces changes to government officeholders in the Senate, including ministers, leadership and whips. The leader also has some responsibility for appointing government senators to committees, a role filled in the House of Representatives by the Leader of the House. [4]

The position of Leader of the Government in the Senate does not have a constitutional basis, but has existed since the first parliament in 1901 through longstanding parliamentary convention. Although it has similarities to the Senate Majority Leader in the United States and the Leader of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, it was not based on either of those, but rather on the position of Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council found in Australia's colonial parliaments. Because government is formed in the House rather than the Senate, there is no guarantee that the Leader of the Government will be drawn from the largest party in the Senate. Unlike the Prime Minister, there is no requirement for the Leader of the Government to command the confidence of the chamber. It is not a cabinet post in its own right, and the holder of the office has always held at least one ministerial portfolio (though sometimes only the mostly honorific Vice-Presidency of the Executive Council).

The longest-serving Leader of the Government in the Senate was George Pearce, who held the position for a cumulative total of 15 years in three separate terms between 1914 and 1937. Uniquely, from 10 January to 1 February 1968, the positions of Prime Minister and Leader of the Government in the Senate were held by the same person, John Gorton. After the disappearance of Harold Holt, Gorton – a senator – was elected leader of the Liberal Party and thus ascended to the prime ministership. In line with constitutional convention, he resigned from the Senate to contest a by-election to the House of Representatives.

List of Leaders of the Government in the Senate

LeaderTerm beganTerm endedPortfolio [5] PartyPrime MinisterTerm in officeDeputy
  Richard O'Connor 9 May 1901 [6] [7] 24 September 1903 V-P Exec. Council Protectionist Barton 2 years, 96 days James Drake
Tom Playford 24 September 1903 [8] 27 April 1904 V-P Exec. Council Protectionist Deakin 216 days
Gregor McGregor 27 April 1904 [9] 18 August 1904 V-P Exec. Council Labor Watson 113 days Anderson Dawson
Josiah Symon 18 August 1904 [10] 5 July 1905 Attorney-General Free Trade Reid 321 daysJames Drake
Tom Playford 5 July 1905 [11] [12] 31 December 1906 [n 1] Defence Protectionist Deakin 1 year, 179 days John Keating
Robert Best 20 February 1907 [5] [14] 13 November 1908 V-P Exec. Council Protectionist1 year, 267 days
Gregor McGregor 13 November 1908 [15] [16] 2 June 1909 V-P Exec. Council Labor Fisher 201 days George Pearce
Edward Millen 2 June 1909 [17] 29 April 1910 V-P Exec. Council Commonwealth
Liberal		 Deakin 331 daysRobert Best
Gregor McGregor 29 April 1910 [18] [19] 24 June 1913 V-P Exec. Council Labor Fisher 3 years, 56 daysGeorge Pearce
Edward Millen 24 June 1913 [20] 17 September 1914 Defence Commonwealth
Liberal		 Cook 1 year, 85 days James McColl
George Pearce 17 September 1914 [21] [22] 17 February 1917 Defence Labor Fisher 2 years, 153 days Albert Gardiner
Hughes
National Labor Patrick Lynch
Edward Millen 17 February 1917 [23] 9 February 1923
Nationalist5 years, 357 daysGeorge Pearce
George Pearce 9 February 1923 [24] [25] 19 October 1929
Nationalist Bruce 6 years, 252 days Victor Wilson
John Daly 22 October 1929 [26] 3 March 1931
Labor Scullin 1 year, 132 days
John Barnes 3 March 1931 [27] 6 January 1932 V-P Exec. Council Labor309 days
George Pearce 6 January 1932 [28] 29 November 1937
United
Australia		 Lyons 5 years, 327 days
Alexander McLachlan 29 November 1937 [29] 7 November 1938 Postmaster-General United
Australia		343 days
George McLeay 8 November 1938 [30] 7 October 1941
United
Australia		2 years, 333 days
Page
Menzies
Fadden
  Joe Collings 7 October 1941 [31] [32] 20 September 1943 Interior Labor Curtin 1 year, 348 days
Richard Keane 20 September 1943 [33] 26 April 1946 Trade and Customs Labor2 years, 218 days
Forde
Chifley
Bill Ashley 17 June 1946 [34] 19 December 1949
Labor3 years, 185 days
Neil O'Sullivan 21 February 1950 [35] 8 December 1958
Liberal Menzies 8 years, 290 days
Bill Spooner 8 December 1958 [36] 2 June 1964 [37]
Liberal5 years, 178 days Shane Paltridge
Shane Paltridge 10 June 1964 [38] 19 January 1966 [39] Defence Liberal1 year, 230 days Denham Henty
Denham Henty 26 January 1966 [40] 16 October 1967 Supply Liberal Holt 1 year, 263 days John Gorton
John Gorton 16 October 19671 February 1968
Liberal108 daysDenham Henty
McEwen
Himself
Ken Anderson 28 February 1968 [n 2] 5 December 1972
Liberal Gorton 4 years, 281 days
Annabelle Rankin
McMahon
Reg Wright
Lionel Murphy 19 December 1972 [42] 9 February 1975
Labor Whitlam 2 years, 52 days
Ken Wriedt 10 February 1975 [43] 11 November 1975
Labor274 days
Reg Withers 12 November 1975 [44] 7 August 1978 [45]
Liberal Fraser 2 years, 268 days
John Carrick 7 August 1978 [46] 11 March 1983
Liberal4 years, 216 days
John Button 11 March 1983 [47] 24 March 1993 Industry, Technology and Commerce [n 4] Labor Hawke 10 years, 13 days
Keating
Gareth Evans 24 March 1993 [48] 6 February 1996 [n 5] Foreign Affairs Labor2 years, 319 days
Robert Hill 11 March 1996 [49] 20 January 2006
Liberal Howard 9 years, 315 days Nick Minchin
Nick Minchin 27 January 2006 [50] 3 December 2007
Liberal1 year, 310 days Helen Coonan
Chris Evans 12 December 2007 [51] [52] 4 February 2013
Labor Rudd 5 years, 54 days Stephen Conroy
Gillard
Stephen Conroy 4 February 2013 [53] [54] 26 June 2013 Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Labor142 days Penny Wong
Penny Wong 26 June 2013 [55] [56] 18 September 2013 Finance and Deregulation Labor Rudd 84 days Jacinta Collins
Eric Abetz 18 September 2013 [57] [58] 21 September 2015 Employment Liberal Abbott 2 years, 2 days George Brandis
George Brandis 21 September 201520 December 2017 Attorney-General
V-P Exec. Council 		Liberal Turnbull 2 years, 90 days Mathias Cormann
Mathias Cormann 20 December 201730 October 2020 Finance and the Public Service
V-P Exec. Council 		Liberal5 years, 62 days Mitch Fifield
Simon Birmingham
Liberal Morrison
Simon Birmingham 30 October 202023 May 2022 Finance
Trade, Tourism and Investment (to Dec 2020)
V-P Exec. Council 		Liberal2 years, 113 days Michaelia Cash
Penny Wong 1 June 2022Incumbent Foreign Affairs Labor Albanese 264 days Don Farrell

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Playford lost his seat at the federal election on 12 December. The year 1906 was the last in which terms ended in on the last day of December rather than June. [13]
  2. ↑ Anderson was appointed Leader of the Government before the second session of the 26th Parliament, [41] and Gorton made his appointments on 28 February 1968. [5]
  3. ↑ Withers was appointed Vice-President of the Executive Council the day after the Dismissal as part of Fraser's Caretaker Cabinet, but he continued in that office for his entire tenure as Leader of the Government. On the same date, he was appointed caretaker the Capital Territory, Special Minister of State, Minister for the Media, and Tourism and Recreation. He served in those offices until 22 December, when Fraser's first full Cabinet was sworn in. The Senate did not meet during the period 12 November to 22 December 1975 (indeed it was dissolved for most of that time). Withers gained the Administrative Services portfolio as part of 22 December reshuffle.
  4. ↑ Minister for Industry and Commerce 1983–1984.
  5. ↑ Resigned to contest (successfully) the lower house seat of Holt.
  6. ↑ Minister for Environment 1996–98.
  7. ↑ Tertiary Education, Skills, Science and Research 2011–13.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prime Minister of Australia</span> Head of Government of Australia

The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the federal government of Australia and is also accountable to federal parliament under the principles of responsible government. The current prime minister is Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party, who became prime minister on 23 May 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bob McMullan</span> Australian politician

Robert Francis McMullan is an Australian former politician who represented the Australian Labor Party in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. He was the first person to represent the Australian Capital Territory in both houses of federal parliament

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kate Lundy</span> Australian politician

Kate Alexandra Lundy is a former Labor Party member of the Australian Senate, representing the Australian Capital Territory. Lundy served as the Minister for Multicultural Affairs and the Minister Assisting for the Digital Economy in the Second Rudd Ministry; having previously served as the Minister for Sport and the Minister Assisting the Minister for Industry and Innovation.

The Cabinet of Australia is the chief decision-making organ of the executive branch of the government of Australia. It is a council of senior government ministers, ultimately responsible to the Federal Parliament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Carr</span> Australian politician

Kim John Carr is an Australian former politician who served as a Senator for Victoria between 1993 and 2022. Representing the Labor Party, he was a minister in the Rudd and Gillard Governments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Executive Council (Australia)</span> Formal body exercising executive authority of the Commonwealth of Australia

In Australia's political system, the Federal Executive Council is a body established by Section 62 of the Australian Constitution to advise the Governor-General, and comprises, at least notionally, all current and former Commonwealth ministers and assistant ministers. As the Governor-General is bound by convention to follow the advice of the Executive Council on almost all occasions, the Executive Council has de jure executive power. In practice, this power is used to legally enact the decisions already made by Cabinet, which according to the practices of the Westminster system has no de jure authority in its own right.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Government</span> Federal government of Australia

The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government, is the national government of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Like other Westminster-style systems of government, the Australian Government is made up of three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katy Gallagher</span> Australian politician

Katherine Ruth Gallagher is an Australian politician who has been serving as the Minister for Finance, Minister for Women, Minister for the Public Service and Vice-President of the Executive Council in the Albanese Government since 2022, and formerly served as the 6th Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory from 2011 to 2014. She has been a Senator for the Australian Capital Territory since the 2019 federal election, as a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She previously served in the Senate from 2015 to 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margaret Guilfoyle</span> Australian politician (1926–2020)

Dame Margaret Georgina Constance Guilfoyle was an Australian politician who served as a senator for Victoria from 1971 to 1987, representing the Liberal Party. She was the first woman to hold a cabinet-level ministerial portfolio in Australia and served as a minister for the duration of the Fraser Government. Guilfoyle was successively Minister for Education (1975), Minister for Social Security (1975–1980) and Minister for Finance (1980–1983). She worked as an accountant before entering politics and in retirement held various positions in the public and non-profit sectors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nigel Scullion</span> Australian politician

Nigel Gregory Scullion is a former Australian politician who was a Senator for the Northern Territory from 2001 to 2019. He was a member of the Country Liberal Party (CLP) and sat with the National Party in federal parliament. He held ministerial office under four prime ministers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simon Birmingham</span> Australian politician

Simon John Birmingham is an Australian politician who has been a Senator for South Australia since 2007. A member of the Liberal Party, he served in the Morrison Government as Minister for Finance from 2020 to 2022 and as Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment from 2018 to 2020. He previously served as Minister for Education and Training in the Turnbull government from 2015 to 2018, and as a parliamentary secretary and assistant minister in the Abbott government.

Donald James Grimes was an Australian politician who served as a Senator for Tasmania from 1974 to 1987, representing the Australian Labor Party (ALP). In the Hawke Government he held ministerial office as Minister for Social Security (1983–1984) and Minister for Community Services (1984–1987). He was a general practitioner before entering politics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bill Spooner (politician)</span> Australian politician

Sir William Henry Spooner, was an Australian politician who served as a Senator for New South Wales from 1950 to 1965, representing the Liberal Party. He was a senior minister in the Menzies government, serving as Minister for Social Services from 1949 to 1951 and then Minister for National Development from 1951 to 1964. He was Leader of the Government in the Senate from 1958 to 1964.

In the Government of Australia, the Minister for Defence Personnel is a position which is currently held by Matt Keogh, after the Albanese ministry was sworn in on 1 June 2022, following the 2022 Australian federal election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Gillard ministry</span> 66th ministry of government of Australia

The Second Gillard ministry (Labor) was the 66th ministry of the Australian Government, led by Prime Minister Julia Gillard. It succeeded the first Gillard ministry upon its swearing in by Governor-General Quentin Bryce on 14 September 2010 after the 2010 election.

The Leader of the Opposition in the Senate is a party office held by the Opposition's most senior member of the Shadow Cabinet in the Australian Senate, elected to lead the opposition party in the body. Though the leader in the Senate does not have the power of the office of Leader of the Opposition, there are some parallels between the latter's status in the lower house and the former's in the Senate. In addition to his or her own shadow ministerial portfolio, the leader has overarching responsibility for all policy areas and acts as the opposition's principal spokesperson in the upper house. The leader is entitled to sit at the table of the Senate, and has priority in gaining recognition from the President of the Senate to speak in debate. Another similarity is that the leader typically announces changes to opposition officeholders in the Senate, including shadow ministers, party leadership and whips. The leader also has some responsibility for appointing opposition senators to committees, a role filled by the Manager of Opposition Business and whips in the lower house. The current leader is Simon Birmingham. He is assisted by a Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, currently Michaelia Cash.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia</span>

The Leader of the Liberal Party, also known as Leader of the Parliamentary Liberal Party, is the highest office within the Liberal Party of Australia and the Liberal–National Coalition. The position is currently, and has been since 30 May 2022, held by Peter Dutton, who represents the Division of Dickson in Queensland. Peter Dutton is the fifteenth leader of the Liberal Party. Dutton is also the first leader of the party to represent a Queensland electorate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albanese ministry</span> 73rd ministry of government of Australia

The Albanese ministry is the 73rd ministry of the Government of Australia. It is led by the country's 31st Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese. The Albanese ministry succeeded the second Morrison ministry, which resigned on 23 May 2022 following the federal election that took place on 21 May which saw Labor defeat Scott Morrison's Liberal–National Coalition.

References

  1. ↑ "Senate Office Holders". www.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  2. ↑ "Who's who in the current Parliament - Parliamentary Education Office". peo.gov.au. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  3. 1 2 "Leadership in Parliament". Fact Sheets. Parliamentary Education Office. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  4. ↑ "6. Senators: Parties and party leaders". Odger's Australian Senate Practice (13th ed.). Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 Australian Parliamentary Library. "Ministries and Cabinets". Parliamentary Handbook (32nd ed.). Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  6. ↑ "The Commonwealth". The Register . 29 May 1901. p. 6. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  7. ↑ Richard O'Connor, Leader of the Senate (13 August 1903). "Standing Orders". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Commonwealth of Australia: Senate. p. 3512.
  8. ↑ "Political Notes". Western Star and Roma Advertiser . 2 September 1903. p. 3. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  9. ↑ "Federal Politics: Mr. Watson Forms a Cabinet". The West Australian . 27 April 1904. p. 7. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  10. ↑ "Latest Messages—Federal Parliament: The New Ministry". Western Star and Roma Advertiser . 20 August 1904. p. 2. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  11. ↑ Henry Dobson (7 July 1905). "New Administration: special adjournment". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Commonwealth of Australia: Senate. p. 142.
  12. ↑ "Senator Keating and Other Ministers". The Examiner . 11 July 1905. p. 5. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  13. ↑ Constitution Alteration (Senate Elections Act) 1906.
  14. ↑ "The Commonwealth Parliament: First Day's Proceedings". The Register . 21 February 1907. p. 6. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  15. ↑ "Members of New Cabinet: Representation of States". Kalgoorlie Miner . 13 November 1908. p. 5. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  16. ↑ "Federal Labor Ministry Sworn in Today". The Daily News . 13 November 1908. p. 3. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  17. ↑ "Formation of the Cabinet: The New Ministers". Kalgoorlie Western Argus . 8 June 1909. p. 36. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  18. ↑ "New Labor Ministry: Mr Fisher's Team Sworn In". The North Western Advocate and the Emu Bay Times . 30 April 1910. p. 5. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  19. ↑ "Federal Land Tax: The Property Owners". Daily Herald . 17 October 1910. p. 6. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  20. ↑ "The Cook Cabinet: Personnel of the New Team". Forbes Advocate . 18 September 1913. p. 3. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  21. ↑ "The New Ministry: Result of the Ballot". The Examiner . 18 September 1914. p. 6. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  22. ↑ "Fourth Commonwealth Labour Government". The Worker . 24 September 1914. p. 6. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  23. ↑ ""Win-the-War" Ministry: Portfolios Allotted". The Argus . 19 February 1917. p. 6. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  24. ↑ "Federal Ministry Sworn In". The Register . 10 February 1923. p. 9. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  25. ↑ "The Federal Government". The West Australian . 12 February 1923. p. 6. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  26. ↑ "The Federal Ministry: Members Sworn In". Advertiser . 25 October 1929. p. 2. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  27. ↑ "Allocation of Federal Portfolios". The Advocate . 4 May 1931. p. 7. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  28. ↑ "The Federal Sphere: New Ministry Sworn In". The Longreach Leader . 8 January 1932. p. 16. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  29. ↑ "Federal Cabinet: The New Ministers—Surprise Changes". The West Australian . 30 November 1937. p. 17. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  30. ↑ "Health Portfolio—Senator Foll". The Mercury . 8 November 1938. p. 7. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  31. ↑ "Election of Cabinet: Labor Party to Assemble in Canberra Today". The Mercury . 6 October 1941. p. 2. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  32. ↑ "New Ministers Sworn In, Canberra Ceremony". The Sydney Morning Herald . 8 October 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  33. ↑ "Ballot for Labor Cabinet: Fourteen Ministers Elected in First Count". The Advertiser . 21 September 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  34. ↑ "Sen. McKenna Appointed to Fedl. Cabinet". The Courier-Mail . 18 June 1946. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  35. ↑ "Dr. Evatt Survives a Challenge, Mr. E. J. Ward Beaten For Labour Party Post". The West Australian . 22 February 1950. p. 2. Retrieved 6 September 2014– via Trove.
  36. ↑ "5 New Men in Federal Ministry, Dr. Allen Fairhall Omitted". The Canberra Times . 9 December 1958. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  37. ↑ "Spooner Resigns from Cabinet: Government Solves One Problem, Finds Another". The Canberra Times . 3 June 1964. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  38. ↑ "P.M. Fills Vacancies in Cabinet Reshuffle: Anderson and Howson New Ministers". The Canberra Times . 11 June 1964. p. 1. Retrieved 1 August 2013– via Trove.
  39. ↑ "Paltridge Resigns Defence Portfoliio". The Canberra Times . 20 January 1966. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  40. ↑ "Bury in Cabinet: Holt chooses woman Minister in reshuffle". The Canberra Times . 26 January 1966. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  41. ↑ Ken Anderson, Leader of the Government in the Senate (12 March 1968). "Ministerial Arrangement". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Commonwealth of Australia: Senate. p. 12.
  42. ↑ "Full Labor Ministry sworn in". The Canberra Times . 20 December 1972. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  43. ↑ "Mr Enderby Made Attorney-General". The Canberra Times . 11 February 1975. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  44. ↑ "Fraser Caretaker Cabinet". The Canberra Times . 13 November 1975. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  45. ↑ "PM sacks Withers, Durack gets post". The Canberra Times . 8 August 1978. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  46. ↑ "Person Details: Hon Sir John Leslie Carrick KCMG, AC". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  47. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Button, John (1933–2008)" . Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  48. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Evans, Gareth (1944–)" . Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  49. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Hill, Robert (1946–)" . Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  50. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Minchin, Nick (1953–)" . Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  51. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Evans, Chris, (Christopher Vaughan) (1958–)" . Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  52. ↑ "Former Senator Christopher Evans". Senators and Members of the Parliament of Australia . Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  53. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Conroy, Stephen Michael, (the Hon) (1963–)" . Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  54. ↑ "Former Senator Stephen Conroy". Senators and Members of the Parliament of Australia . Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  55. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Wong, Penelope Ying-Yen" . Retrieved 6 September 2013– via Trove.
  56. ↑ "Senator the Hon. Penny Wong". Senators and Members of the Parliament of Australia . Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  57. ↑ Australian Parliamentary Library. "Abetz, Eric" . Retrieved 8 September 2013– via Trove.
  58. ↑ "Senator the Hon Eric Abetz". Senators and Members of the Parliament of Australia . Retrieved 6 November 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.