Luis Valdez

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Luis Miguel Valdez
Luis Valdez Chicano Playwright (cropped).jpg
Valdez in 2008
Born (1940-06-26) June 26, 1940 (age 83)
Delano, California, U.S.
OccupationPlaywright, screenwriter, film director, actor
Alma mater San Jose State University
Notable awardsPeabody Award, Aguila Azteca Award, Golden Globe nominations

Luis Miguel Valdez (born June 26, 1940) is an American playwright, screenwriter, film director and actor. Regarded as the father of Chicano film and playwriting, Valdez is best known for his play Zoot Suit , his movie La Bamba , and his creation of El Teatro Campesino. A pioneer in the Chicano Movement, Valdez broadened the scope of theatre and arts of the Chicano community. [1] [2]

Contents

Biography

Early life

Valdez was born in Delano, California, to migrant farm worker parents from Mexico, Armeda and Francisco Valdez. [3] The second of 10 children in his family, Valdez began to work the fields at the age of 6. One of his brothers is actor Daniel Valdez. Throughout his childhood, the family moved from harvest to harvest around the central valleys of California. Due to this peripatetic existence, he attended many different schools before the family finally settled in San Jose, California. [4]

Education

Valdez began school in Stratford, California. [4] His interest in theatre began in the first grade. Throughout grammar school, Valdez organized plays at school and put on puppet shows in his garage, which, he recalls, were usually about fairy tales. [5] In high school, Valdez was part of the Speech and Drama department and acted in several plays. He described himself as "a very serious student." [5] Valdez graduated from James Lick High School in San Jose and went on to attend San José State University (SJSU) on a scholarship for math and physics. During his second year of college, he switched his major to English. [5] While in college, Valdez won a playwriting contest with his one-act play The Theft in 1961. [6] Two years later, in 1963, Valdez's first full-length play, The Shrunken Head of Pancho Villa, was produced by the drama department and debuted at SJSU. [7]

Early career: El Teatro Campesino

After graduation, Valdez spent the next few months with The San Francisco Mime Troupe, where he was introduced to agitprop theatre, guerrilla theatre, and Italian commedia dell'arte. [6] These two techniques greatly influenced Valdez's development of the basic structure of Chicano theatre: the one-act presentational acto (act).

In 1965, Valdez returned to Delano, where he enlisted in Cesar Chavez's mission to organize farm workers into a comprehensive union. Valdez brought together farm workers and students to form El Teatro Campesino , a farm worker's theater troupe. [4] El Teatro was known for touring migrant camps with their actos, one-act plays, which were usually around fifteen minutes long. The plays were used to educate and inform not only the farm workers, but also the public. Valdez believed that humor was a major asset to his plays in El Teatro Campesino as it was a tool to lift the morale of strikers. [5] Social and political commentary were intertwined within the humor to accomplish the goals of El Teatro Campesino. [5] Original plays of El Teatro were based on the experiences of farm workers, but by 1967 their subject matter expanded to other aspects of Chicano culture; [4] Los Vendidos , for example, discusses various Chicano stereotypes. Although Valdez left El Teatro in 1967, his legacy lived on. Thanks in large part to Valdez and El Teatro Campesino, the 1970s saw an explosion of Chicano theater. Theater groups sprang up with surprising speed on college campuses and in communities throughout the United States. What began as a farm workers' theater in the migrant camps of Delano flooded into a national Chicano theater movement. [4]

Later career

In 1967, Valdez established a Chicano cultural center in Del Rey, California. In 1969 he moved both theater and cultural center to Fresno, where they remained for two years. During this time, he made the short film I Am Joaquin based on the legendary poem by Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzáles (it was later inducted into the National Film Registry in 2010 and preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2017 [8] ). While in Fresno, Valdez taught at Fresno State University and created TENAZ, the national Chicano theater organization, which was composed of many with theatre groups throughout the Southwest. Valdez moved the theater a final time in 1971, to San Juan Bautista, south of San Francisco. Combined now with the cultural center, it was called El Centro Campesino Cultural, and it became a fully professional production company. [4]

In 1973, he published his poem Pensamiento Serpentino , which drew on Mayan and Aztec philosophical concepts and argued that Indigenous ways of knowing were essential to the spiritual and material liberation of Chicana/os. The poem was later used in the highly successful Mexican American Studies Department Programs at Tucson Unified School District. [9] [10]

In 1989, Valdez and officials from the Hispanic Academy of Media Arts and Sciences and Nosotros formed the Latino Writers Group to improve opportunities and pay for Latino writers in Hollywood. [11]

Luis Valdez is a founding faculty member and director (c. 1994) of the California State University, Monterey Bay Teledramatic Arts and Technology Department. He is credited with assisting in the development of a university program that prepares students in the entertainment industry: filmmaking, writing, sound, cinematography, and the like. [12]

His recent play Valley of the Heart, debuted October 30, 2018, at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles. [13]

He resides in San Juan Bautista, CA. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 2015. [14]

Zoot Suit (play and film)

Valdez's first work that brought him attention to larger audiences was the play Zoot Suit which ran in 1978 at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles and played for forty-six weeks to more than 40,000 people. With Zoot Suit, Valdez became the first Chicano director to have a play presented on Broadway in 1979. In 1981, it was made into a film. [15]

In Zoot Suit, Valdez weaves a story involving the real-life events of the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial—when a group of young Mexican-Americans were wrongfully charged with murder—and the Zoot Suit riots.

In 2019, the film Zoot Suit was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". [16]

La Bamba

The film that brought Valdez his "breakthrough into mainstream America" was La Bamba which debuted in 1987.

The film, about Ritchie Valens, a popular Chicano 1950s rock and roller, "was an overwhelming box office success" according to BookRags. [17]

It was inducted into the National Film Registry in 2017. [18]

Filmography

"Bandido!" (film) Story of Tiburcio Vasquez who resisted incursion of Yankees into California 1840s to 1875, writer, director and narrator. Shown on PBS.

Honors and awards (not exhaustive)

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>La Bamba</i> (film) 1987 biographical film by Luis Valdez

La Bamba is a 1987 American biographical drama film written and directed by Luis Valdez. The film follows the life and short-lived musical career of Mexican-American Chicano rock and roll star Ritchie Valens. The film stars Lou Diamond Phillips as Valens, Esai Morales, Rosanna DeSoto, Elizabeth Peña, Danielle von Zerneck and Joe Pantoliano. The film also covers the effect that Valens' career had on the lives of his half-brother Bob Morales, his girlfriend Donna Ludwig, and the rest of his family. The film is titled after a Mexican folk song of the same name, which Valens transformed into a rock and roll rendition in 1958. In 2017, La Bamba was included in the annual selection of 25 motion pictures added to the National Film Registry of the US Library of Congress being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and recommended for preservation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zoot suit</span> Mens suit style of the 1940s

A zoot suit is a men's suit with high-waisted, wide-legged, tight-cuffed, pegged trousers, and a long coat with wide lapels and wide padded shoulders. It is most notable for its use as a cultural symbol among the Hepcat and Pachuco subcultures, although it was popular among African, Mexican, Filipino, Italian, and Japanese Americans in the 1940s.

<i>Zoot Suit</i> (play)

Zoot Suit is a play written by Luis Valdez, featuring incidental music by Daniel Valdez and Lalo Guerrero. Zoot Suit is based on the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial and the Zoot Suit Riots. Debuting in 1979, Zoot Suit was the first Chicano play on Broadway. In 1981, Luis Valdez also directed a filmed version of the play, combining stage and film techniques.

Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero was an American guitarist, singer and farm labor activist best known for his strong influence on later Latin musical artists.

<i>Zoot Suit</i> (film) 1981 film by Luis Valdez

Zoot Suit is a 1981 American independent drama musical film of the Broadway play Zoot Suit. Both the play and film were written and directed by Luis Valdez. The film stars Daniel Valdez, Edward James Olmos — both reprising their roles from the stage production — and Tyne Daly. Many members of the cast of the Broadway production also appeared in the film. Like the play, the film features music from Daniel Valdez and Lalo Guerrero, the "father of Chicano music."

El Teatro Campesino is a Chicano theatre company in California. Performing in both English and Spanish, El Teatro Campesino was founded in 1965 as the cultural arm of the United Farm Workers and the Chicano Movement with the "full support of César Chávez." Originally based in Delano, California, during the Delano Strike, the theatre is currently based in San Juan Bautista, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan Felipe Herrera</span> American writer (born 1948)

Juan Felipe Herrera is an American poet, performer, writer, cartoonist, teacher, and activist. Herrera was the 21st United States Poet Laureate from 2015 to 2017. He is a major figure in the literary field of Chicano poetry.

Los Vendidos is a one-act play by Chicano playwright Luis Valdez, a founding member of El Teatro Campesino. He wrote it in 1967, and it was first performed at the Brown Beret junta in Elysian Park, East Los Angeles. The play examines stereotypes of Latinos in California and how they are treated by local, state, and federal governments.

Diane Rodriguez was an American theatre artist who directed, wrote and performed. An OBIE Award winning actress, she was known for using comedy to confront various forms of oppression, often with special attention to issues of gender and sexuality.

I Am Joaquín is a 1969 short film by Luis Valdez, a project of his El Teatro Campesino.

Alma Martinez is a Mexican-American actress, stage director, and professor of theatre. She is best known for her roles in film and television shows including the Peabody Award winning drama series The Bridge with Demián Bichir and Diane Kruger and Corridos: Tales of Passion & Revolution with Linda Ronstadt as well as performances on Broadway, Off-Broadway, regional theatre, Mexican and European stages.

Daniel Valdez is an American actor, musician, composer, and activist. He is best known for his work as musical director of the films Zoot Suit (1981) and La Bamba (1987).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Montoya</span> American actor

Richard Montoya is an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, playwright, comedian, and co-founding member of the San Francisco based performance troupe Culture Clash. His work in theatre is largely comedy-based and centers around ideas of racism, immigration, discrimination, and identity in Latin-American communities. He follows in the steps of his father, famous activist José Montoya, and is known for creating social and political change through a variety of artistic expressions.

Anthony J. Garcia, known as Tony Garcia, is a playwright and the current Executive Artistic Director of Su Teatro in Denver, Colorado. He has written over 20 original plays and has served as Su Teatro's artistic director since 1989.

Jorge Alfonso Huerta is a Chicano scholar, author, and theater director. He specializes in Chicano and United States Latinx Theatre. He has written and edited several books specializing in Chicano theatre and is considered to be an authoritative expert in his field.

El Corrido is a 1976 musical comedy made for TV film directed and written by Luis Valdez, and produced by El Teatro Campesino. The film was adapted from Valdez's stage musical La Gran Carpa de los Rasquachis, which was also produced with El Teatro Campesino. El Corrido was aired on PBS on November 4, 1976 as part of its Ballad of a Farmworker television series on the series Visions.

A Mexican American is a resident of the United States who is of Mexican descent. Mexican American-related topics include the following:

This is an alphabetical index of topics related to Hispanic and Latino Americans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chicano cinema</span>

Chicano cinema is an aspect of Mexican American cinema that refers to the filmmaking practices that emerged out of the cultural consciousness developed through the Chicano Movement. Luis Valdez is generally regarded as the first Chicano filmmaker and El Teatro Campesino as the first theater company.

References

  1. Torres Pou, Juan (2003). Encyclopedia of Latin American Theater. Greenwood. pp. 89–91. ...Valdez is the most important Chicano playwright.
  2. Lucas, Ashley (2015). Ethnic American Literature: An Encyclopedia for Students. ABC-CLIO. pp. 493–5. ISBN   978-1-61069-881-8. Luis Valdez is a Chicano playwright, director, producer, and actor.
  3. Film Reference
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Hispanic Heritage, Luis Valdez. In 2010, he was killed in a plane accident". Gale. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Beth Bagby; Luis Valdez "El Teatro Campesino Interviews with Luis Valdez"
  6. 1 2 Benson, Sonia (2003). The Hispanic American Almanac . Farminton Hills, Ma: Gale. pp.  804–805. ISBN   0-7876-2518-3.
  7. Bedford/St Martin's Literature web site.
  8. "Preserved Projects". Academy Film Archive.
  9. Marie Contreras, Sheila (2009). Blood Lines: Myth, Indigenism, and Chicana/o Literature. University of Texas Press. pp. 85–88. ISBN   978-0-292-78252-5.
  10. Planas, Roque (January 13, 2015). "Arizona Education Officials Say It's Illegal To Recite This Poem In School". Huffington Post.
  11. PUIG, CLAUDIA (August 10, 1989). "Latino Writers Form Group to Fight Stereotypes". Los Angeles Times. ISSN   0458-3035 . Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  12. biography from The Harry Walker Agency Speakers Bureau website Archived November 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine .
  13. "VALLEY OF THE HEART" . Retrieved November 24, 2018.
  14. "President Barack Obama Honors Bay Area Playwright, Stanford Professor".
  15. Hayward, Carl Archived December 2, 2005, at the Wayback Machine . Community Arts Network interview with Valdez.
  16. Chow, Andrew R. (December 11, 2019). "See the 25 New Additions to the National Film Registry, From Purple Rain to Clerks". Time. New York, NY. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  17. BookRags web page.
  18. Cannady, Sheryl (December 13, 2017). "2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams'". Library of Congress . Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  19. Zoot Suit|Golden Globes
  20. La Bamba|Golden Globes
  21. The Peabody Awards – Corridos! Tales of Passion and Revolution
  22. "Hispanic Heritage Awards for Literature". Hispanic Heritage Foundation. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  23. Presidential Medal of Arts Official Website

Further information