May 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak sequence

Last updated
May 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak
Eastern Missouri May 21 1957 tornadoes.GIF
Map of tornadoes on May 21, 1957.
TypeTornado outbreak
DurationMay 19–21, 1957
Tornadoes
confirmed
57 confirmed
Max. rating1 F5 tornado
Duration of
tornado outbreak2
~54 hours
Fatalities59 fatalities; 341 injuries
DamageNot available
Areas affected Great Plains, Midwestern United States

1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado

The May 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak sequence was a tornado outbreak sequence that took place across the US Central Plains from May 19 to May 21, 1957. [nb 1] [nb 2] The most destructive tornado of the outbreak was rated at F5 , the highest level, and is often called the Ruskin Heights tornado. The worst of the damage occurred in Ruskin Heights, a suburb and housing development in south Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 57 tornadoes were reported from Colorado to the Mississippi Valley and 59 people were killed during the outbreak, including 44 in the Ruskin Heights tornado.

Contents

Background

The F5 Ruskin Heights tornado near Spring Hill, Kansas. F5 Ruskin Heights, Missouri tornado in Kansas 1957.jpg
The F5 Ruskin Heights tornado near Spring Hill, Kansas.
Outbreak death toll
StateTotalCountyCounty
total
Kansas 7 Franklin 3
Miami 4
Missouri 52 Carter 7
Jackson 37
St. Francois 8
Totals59
All deaths were tornado-related

[2]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Fujita rating
FUF0F1F2F3F4F5Total
012142073157

May 19 event

List of confirmed tornadoes
F# LocationCountyStateTime (UTC)Path lengthDamage
F1ESE of West Park Fresno CA 16220.1 mile
F1NW of Bayard Scotts Bluff NE 01301.7 miles
(2.7 km)
A home was pushed off of its foundation and had its roof torn off. Outbuildings were destroyed as well. [3]
F2N of Northport Scotts Bluff NE 03305.1 miles
(8.2 km)
Low-end F2 tornado destroyed two outbuildings and partially unroofed a farmhouse. The tornado was not listed as significant by Grazulis. [3]
F1W of Gurley Cheyenne NE 04002 miles
(3.2 km)
Source: Tornado History Project - May 19, 1957 Storm Data

May 20 event

List of confirmed tornadoes
F# LocationCountyTime (UTC)Path lengthDamage
Colorado
F0SW of Burlington to NW of St. Francis, KS Kit Carson, Sherman (KS), Cheyenne (KS), Rawlins (KS) 170070.1 miles
(112.2 km)
Kansas
F0 Phillipsburg area Phillips 17551 mile
(1.6 km)
F0N of Downs Osborne 19150.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F0SW of Hunter Mitchell 19250.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F1N of Burr Oak Jewell 20055.7 miles
(9.1 km)
F4E of Glasco to N of Morrowville Cloud, Republic, Washington 205044.6 miles
(71.4 km)
Wedge tornado produced "near-F5" damage on several farms and was observed with multiple satellite tornadoes. Several different tornadoes may have produced the damage, perhaps a tornado family. [3]
F2NW of Aurora Cloud 20500.1 mile
(0.16 km)
Satellite tornado to the Glasco tornado. A barn was leveled. [3]
F2W of Huscher (1st tornado) Cloud 20500.1 mile
(0.16 km)
Satellite tornado to the Glasco tornado. One barn was destroyed. [3]
F2W of Huscher (2nd tornado) Cloud 20500.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F3NE of Rice Cloud 20506.1 miles
(9.8 km)
Tornado destroyed one barn east of Hollis. May have been only F2 in intensity. Was a satellite tornado to the Glasco tornado. [3]
F0S of Hartford Lyon 23450.5 mile
(0.8 km)
F0NW of Madison Greenwood 00151 mile
(1.6 km)
F5SW of Williamsburg to E of Raytown, MO Franklin, Miami, Johnson, Jackson (MO) 001571 miles
(111 km)
44 deaths – See section on this tornado – 531 people were injured.
F3 Homewood area Franklin 01375.6 miles
(9 km)
Nebraska
F0N of Red Cloud Webster 20150.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F1NE of Broken Bow Custer 20172.7 miles
(4.3 km)
F0E of Guide Rock Nuckolls 20200.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F1SW of Anselmo Custer 21000.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F2W of Reynolds to E of Palmyra Thayer, Jefferson, Saline, Lancaster 220075.3 miles
(120.5 km)
Homes had their roofs torn off near Alexandria and multiple outbuildings were destroyed. Over 500 turkeys were killed on one farm. [3]
F2 Doniphan to NE of Phillips Hall, Hamilton 230018.2 miles
(29.1 km)
Three farms were damaged by the tornado.
F2NE of Friend to N of Emerald Saline, Gage, Lancaster 232023.9 miles
(38.2 km)
Barns were destroyed on two farms. [3]
South Dakota
F1N of Rockerville Pennington 21000.1 mile
(0.16 km)
Missouri
F2W of Weatherby DeKalb 23009.8 miles
(15.7 km)
Barns and outbuildings were destroyed.
F2SW of Richmond Jackson, Ray 013712.8 miles
(20.5 km)
Oklahoma
F0N of Pawnee Pawnee 23000.5 mile
(0.8 km)
F2NE of Hominy Osage 23450.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F2NW of Prague Lincoln 0000unknownTornado damaged eight farms near Prague.
F0NW of Kiefer Creek 01000.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F0E of Hogshooter Nowata 01000.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F1 Broken Arrow area (SE Tulsa) Tulsa 01303.6 miles
(5.8 km)
Tornado moved through the town causing roof damage to at least 200 homes, one of which lost its roof entirely. [3]
F0SW of Beggs Okmulgee 02040.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F1W of Chelsea Rogers 04300.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F1NW of Centralia Craig 05000.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F1NE of Vinita Craig 05000.1 mile
(0.16 km)
F3NW of Garland to NE of Sallisaw Mayes, Delaware 051020.4 miles
(32.6 km)
Barns were destroyed by the tornado. 40 buildings were damaged in and around Spavinaw. One home was destroyed near Lone Chapel as well. [3]
Source: Tornado History Project - May 20, 1957 Storm Data

May 21 event

List of confirmed tornadoes
F# LocationCountyTime (UTC)Path lengthDamage
Minnesota
F1NE of Staples Todd, Cass 18003.8 miles
(6.1 km)
A barn and a garage were destroyed. Pine trees were snapped as well. [3]
F4E of Rush City Chisago 19009.2 miles
(14.7 km)
Eight barns and four homes were destroyed. One home was completely swept away with near-F5-level damage. [3]
Missouri
F3E of Doss Dent 210010.2 miles
(16.3 km)
Three homes were destroyed, one of which was leveled. Two other homes were damaged. [3]
F2S of Squires Taney, Douglas 211514.5 miles
(23.2 km)
Homes and one school was destroyed. The teacher and 11 students survived by driving to a farmhouse with a basement. [3]
F1NE of Mill Spring Wayne 213013 miles
(20.8 km)
Homes had their roofs torn off and buildings were damaged on four farms. [3]
F1S of Centerville Reynolds 21450.2 mile
(0.32 km)
F3SW of Sunlight to Desloge Washington, St. Francois 214522.2 miles
(35.5 km)
8 deaths Multiple homes and 24 barns were destroyed. 20% of the town of Belgrade was destroyed. [3]
F4 Fremont area Carter 21539.1 miles
(14.6 km)
7 deaths - Fremont was devastated, with homes, businesses, and schools destroyed on the east side of town. Damage also occurred on the south side of Van Buren. May have been an F5. [3]
F2N of Burfordville Cape Girardeau 23005.1 miles
(8.2 km)
Several farms were damaged by the tornado. Barns were destroyed and a house had its roof torn off. [3]
F2E of Lewistown Lewis 23307.4 miles
(11.8 km)
Struck the northwest side of Monticello. Four homes were destroyed and a three-story apartment building was badly damaged. [3]
F1E of Cardwell to N of Deering Dunklin, Pemiscot 054523.7 miles
(37.9 km)
Tornado caused roof and barn damage.
F2W of Kennett Dunklin 05450.1 mile
(0.16 km)
Illinois
F2S of Columbia to SE of Shiloh Monroe, St. Clair 215019.7 miles
(31.5 km)
F2SE of Claremont Richland 23003.6 miles
(5.8 km)
Four farms were struck by the tornado. [3]
F3S of Makanda Union, Jackson 00078.5 miles
(13.6 km)
25 structures and over 5,000 fruit trees were destroyed. [3]
F3N of Good Hope McDonough 014013.7 miles
(21.9 km)
Two homes were destroyed on the southeast edge of Colmar.
Iowa
F2W of Stockton Cedar, Muscatine, Scott 23008.9 miles
(14.2 km)
Several barns and a grain elevator were destroyed.
Indiana
F2SW of Pelzer Warrick 02030.1 mile
(0.16 km)
A home was spun 150 feet (46 m) off its foundation. The roof was carried 500 feet (150 m). Two people were injured. [3]
Kentucky
F2W of English Carroll 07000.8 mile
(1.3 km)
Source: Tornado History Project - May 21, 1957 Storm Data

Williamsburg−Spring Hill, Kansas/Ruskin Heights–Raytown, Missouri

Williamsburg−Spring Hill, Kansas/Ruskin Heights–Raytown, Missouri
F5 tornado
F5 Ruskin Heights, Missouri tornado at touchdown in Kansas 1957.png
The F5 Ruskin Heights tornado in formative stage in Kansas.
Duration1 hour 38 minutes
Max. rating1 F5 tornado
Fatalities44 fatalities, 531 injuries
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

This violent, long-tracked, multiple vortex F5 tornado began near Williamsburg, and moved NE through several counties. Major damage occurred in rural areas near Ottawa and Spring Hill, where homes were completely leveled and several fatalities occurred. The tornado continued into the southern suburbs of Kansas City, tearing through Martin City, Raytown, Hickman Mills, and Ruskin Heights. Entire blocks of homes were completely leveled, many of which were swept cleanly away with debris wind-rowed long distances through nearby fields. Some homes had their anchor-bolted subflooring ripped away, leaving only basements behind. Many businesses including a grocery store, a shopping center, and restaurants were completely destroyed. A few of the businesses at the shopping center sustained F5 damage. Vehicles were thrown through the air and destroyed, and the steel-reinforced Ruskin Heights High School was badly damaged. A canceled check from Hickman Mills was found 165 miles away in Ottumwa, Iowa. This event might have been a tornado family rather than a single tornado, as there was possible break in the damage path south of Wellsville, Kansas. Grazulis rated the tornado an F4, but said probable F5 damage occurred in Ruskin Heights; he subsequently rated the tornado F5. [3] [4]

See also

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References

  1. Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)" (PDF). Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center . Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  2. "North America Tornado Cases 1950 to 1959". bangladeshtornadoes.org. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN   1-879362-03-1.
  4. "55th Anniversary of the Ruskin Heights-Hickman Mills Tornado". Crh.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved 2013-07-13.

Bibliography

Notes

  1. An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado. [1]
  2. All damage totals are in 1957 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.