McDonnell Douglas MD 500 Defender

Last updated
MD 500 Defender
Hughes 530MG, PROLOG '85.JPEG
Hughes 530MG, on display at PROLOG '85
RoleLight multi-role military helicopter
National originUnited States
Manufacturer Hughes Helicopters
McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems
MD Helicopters
First flight1976
StatusIn service
Primary users Republic of Korea Army
Iraqi Air Force
Israeli Air Force
Philippine Air Force
Produced1976–present
Number built471
Developed from Hughes OH-6 Cayuse
MD Helicopters MD 500

The McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems MD 500 Defender is a light multi-role military helicopter based on the MD 500 light utility helicopter and OH-6 Cayuse Light Observation Helicopter.

Contents

Design and development

The original OH-6 Cayuse helicopter proved its worth during the Vietnam War in the light helicopter role. The designers at Hughes realized there was a market for a light multi-mission helicopter with an improved equipment fit than the OH-6 and Model 500M. The resulting design was the Model 500MD Defender which first flew in 1976. It was tailored for specific roles including unarmed observation and an armed scout helicopter equipped with TOW anti-tank missiles. An anti-submarine version was developed with a search radar, magnetic anomaly detector and the capability to carry lightweight aerial torpedoes.

The helicopter was popular with customers like Kenya who could buy a capable anti-armor helicopter for less than half the cost of a gunship such as the AH-1 Cobra or the AH-64 Apache. Israel used the Defender extensively during the conflicts of the late 1970s and 1980s against Syrian armored forces.

The Defender was later built as an improved version as the MD530MG, with increased engine power, handling, avionics, and a redesigned forward fuselage. Later developments included a mast mounted sight (MMS).

Korean Air Unmanned System-Vertical Helicopter (KUS-VH) 2015.10.26 2015 adegseu(ADEX) Seoul International Aerospace & Defense Exhibition 2015 (22374836878).jpg
Korean Air Unmanned System-Vertical Helicopter (KUS-VH)

In December 2012, Boeing demonstrated their Unmanned Little Bird to the South Korean Army. The pilotless aircraft flew autonomously in a 25-minute demonstration for the purpose of showing unmanned capabilities technologies, such as enhanced ISR and resupply, in the system that could be integrated into Army MD 500 helicopters. [1] In October 2015, Korean Air Aerospace Division (KAL-ASD) unveiled a mock-up of their unmanned MD 500, designated the Korean Air Unmanned System-Vertical Helicopter (KUS-VH), featuring blacked out windows, a large fuel tank where the rear seats would be that extends endurance to four hours, and an armament of two Hellfire missiles and a 2.75 in (70 mm) rocket pod; unlike Boeing's optionally manned and unarmed ULB, the KUS-VH is completely unmanned and armed as well as having an EO/IR sensor. The KUS-VH is envisioned to perform missions including ISR, attack, aerial delivery, coast guard, amphibious landing support, and emergency reinforcement to back up manned helicopter units. A KUS-VH unit would consist of two to four aircraft and sensor packages, a ground control system and ground support system, and it could operate alone or in conjunction with manned attack helicopters. A request for proposals for an unmanned scout helicopter is expected in 2016–2017, for which the company says making the up to 175 MD 500s unmanned would be a cheap way of reusing them after retirement [2] from service over the next 10 years for safely performing dangerous attack missions.[ citation needed ]

MD Helicopters had submitted a version called the MD 540F in the U.S. Army's Armed Aerial Scout program. This caused Boeing to try to block MD Helicopters from participating, citing agreements the companies struck in 2005 to offer the Mission Enhanced Little Bird in the Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter program. As part of the venture, MD Helicopters sold intellectual property related to the aircraft's design. The two companies lost the bid and the program was ultimately cancelled. When MD Helicopters disclosed plans to offer the MD 540F in the AAS program in April 2012, Boeing claimed that they could not sell any "similarly configured" aircraft to any U.S. or foreign military organization. Boeing offered their AH-6 in the competition. MD Helicopters said Boeing did not object to previous sales to armed forces and governments in Japan, Jordan, and Italy, as well as to U.S. special operations, and local U.S. police forces. Restrictions on selling aircraft similar to the Little Bird, domestically or to foreign users, would have put the company out of business. In July 2013, a federal court ruled that MD Helicopters could not be blocked from offering their aircraft. [3] The Army ended the AAS program in late 2013. [4]

Variants

ROCN Hughes 500MD/ASW Defender 6910 carried on Lan Yang (FFG-935) ROCN Hughes 500 6910 Carried on Lan Yang (FFG-935) Helicopter Deck Rear Right View 20141123.jpg
ROCN Hughes 500MD/ASW Defender 6910 carried on Lan Yang (FFG-935)
Philippine Air Force MD 520MG light attack helicopters MD-520MG choppers in PAF.jpg
Philippine Air Force MD 520MG light attack helicopters
MD500 Defender in Korea 2012nyeon 6weol tonghabhwaryeogjeontuhunryeon (58) (7459137070).jpg
MD500 Defender in Korea
500D Scout Defender
Armed reconnaissance version
500M Defender
Military export version of the 500 and 500C, built under license by Kawasaki in Japan (as the OH-6J) [5] and Breda Nardi in Italy.
500M/ASW Defender
Export version for the Spanish Navy.
NH-500E
Built under license by Breda Nardi (Agusta) since 1990 [6] [7]
NH-500M Defender
Italian-built version of the 500M Defender. Licensed by Breda Nardi before merge with Agusta. [8]
500MD Defender
Military version of the 500D. Korean Air's aerospace division from 1976 to 1984 with 200 choppers made. [9] 50 were armed with TOW anti-tank missiles and 150 choppers used for transportation and support duties. [9] Retired 500MDs donated to Kenya for Kenyan-led peacekeeping operations. [10]
500MD/ASW Defender
Maritime version of the 500MD Defender. Equipped with a Bendix RDR-1300 search radar in a nose cone offset to the port side, and a towed ASQ-81C(V)2 magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) at the starboard fuselage. Up to two Mk 44 or Mk 46 torpedoes are carried underneath the fuselage, which can be replaced by smoke markers. [11]
500MD/TOW Defender
Anti-tank version of the 500MD Defender, armed with TOW anti-tank missiles.
500MD/MMS-TOW Defender
Anti-tank version, fitted with a mast-mounted sight, armed with TOW anti-tank missiles.
500MD Quiet Advanced Scout Defender
Fitted with noise suppression equipment.
500MD Defender II
Improved version.
500MG Defender
Military version of the 500E.
520MG Defender
Philippine Air Force-built military version. Modified 500MG Defender that carries .50 (12.7 mm) caliber machine guns and 7-tube rocket pods and operates as a light attack aircraft. [12]
520MK Black Tiger
South Korean-built military version, built by Korean Air Aerospace Division [13]
MD-530F Cayuse Warrior Afghan Air Force MD-530 - Kandahar Air Wing, Afghanistan.jpg
MD-530F Cayuse Warrior
MD 530F Cayuse Warrior
It is a military light scout attack helicopter developed from OH-6 Cayuse. [14] [15] It incorporating simple fixed-forward sighting system, FN Herstal weapons management system, Rohde & Schwarz M3AR tactical mission radio and Dillon Aero mission configurable armament system (MCAS) weapons plank. [16] [15]
Performance: Service ceiling 16,000 feet (4,900 m), range 235 nautical miles (435 km), cruising speed 135 nautical miles (250 km) per hour. [14]
Weapons: Two hardpoints for FN HMP400 gun pod with FN M3P .50 BMG (12.7 mm) heavy machine gun (1100 rpm firing rate, carries 400 rounds ammo, effective firing range nearly 1,850 m, maximum firing range 6500 m) and/or M260 rocket pod with 7 unguided Hydra 70 rockets (effective firing range 8 km). [15] [17] [18]
Afghanistan Air Force is the largest operator of MD 530F Cayuse Warrior. [19]

On September 26, 2023 the Nigerian Government approved the purchase of 12 MD 530F helicopters for the Nigerian Army which currently does not have a functional aviation unit.

MD 530M
Military version.
MD 530MG Defender
Military version.
MD 530G BII
Improved military version
MD530 Nightfox
Night attack version.
MD530MG Paramilitary Defender
Police or border patrol version.
MD540F
Upgraded MD530F, incorporating a 6-bladed, fully articulated rotor blade system made of composite material, a more rugged landing skid for heavier take-off and landing weights, a fully integrated digital glass cockpit with multi-function color displays and a pilot Helmet Display and Tracking System (HDTS), which couples together a targeting FLIR and laser designator. [20]
MD530G
Designed based on the MD530F airframe and is engineered with advanced technology to deliver enhanced combat capabilities. [21]

Operators

For civilian operators, see MD 500 series .

Military operators

An Italian Air Force NH-500E Breda Nardi NH-500E, Italy - Air Force JP6869869.jpg
An Italian Air Force NH-500E
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
See Hughes OH-6
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya
A MD500E of the Finnish Army MD 500D Finnish Army (cropped).jpg
A MD500E of the Finnish Army
MD 500 Defenders in Korea 2012. 12 'tab helrigeon'eul hyanghan muhanjilju, yuggunhanggong sagyeogdaehoe hyeonjangeul gada (2) (8246228744).jpg
MD 500 Defenders in Korea
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan (Republic of China)
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
A former Afghan MD 530F firing off its gun pods Afghan Air Force MD-530F helicopter fires machine guns.jpg
A former Afghan MD 530F firing off its gun pods

Former operators

Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia
Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel

Specifications (500M)

MD 500 orthographical image.svg

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1981-82 [32]

General characteristics

8 ft 10.75 in (2.71 m) to top of tail fin
3,000 lb (1,361 kg) overload MTOW

Performance

Armament

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

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