Naturmuseum Senckenberg

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Naturmuseum Senckenberg
Frankfurt Am Main-Senckenberg Naturmuseum von Osten-20120325.jpg
The Naturmuseum Senckenberg in 2012
Naturmuseum Senckenberg
Former name
Öffentliches Naturalienkabinett
Established1821/1907
LocationSenckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, Germany
Coordinates 50°07′03″N8°39′06″E / 50.11750°N 8.65167°E / 50.11750; 8.65167
Type Natural history
Key holdings Triceratops (skulls), Edmontosaurus mummy SMF R 4036, Psittacosaurus SMF R 4970, Diplodocus SMF R 462, Placodus gigas SMF R 1035, Eurohippus messelensis SMF ME 11034, Dodo, Quagga
CollectionsDinosaurs, Insects, Birds, Reptils, Mammals, Human evolution, Messel Research
Collection size
  • 40,800,000 specimens [1]
  • 10,000 exhibits [2]
Visitors
  • 220,740 (2021) [1]
  • 196,160 (2020) [3]
  • 398,754 (2019) [4]
  • 363,244 (2018) [5]
Founder Senckenberg Nature Research Society, (namesake: Johann Christian Senckenberg)
DirectorBrigitte Franzen [6]
ArchitectLudwig Neher
Owner Senckenberg Nature Research Society
Employees843 [1]
Public transit access
Website museumfrankfurt.senckenberg.de

The Naturmuseum Senckenberg (SMF) [7] is a museum of natural history, located in Frankfurt am Main. It is the second-largest of its kind in Germany. In 2010, almost 517,000 people visited the museum, which is owned by the Senckenberg Nature Research Society. [8] Senckenberg's slogan is "world of biodiversity". [9] As of 2019, the museum exhibits 18 reconstructed dinosaurs. [10]

Contents

History

In 1763, Johann Christian Senckenberg donated 95,000 guilders–his entire fortune–to establish a community hospital and promote scientific projects. [11] [12] Senckenberg died in 1772. In 1817, 32 Frankfurt citizens founded the non-profit Senckenberg Nature Research Society, German: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN), which is a member of the Leibniz Association. [13] [14] [15] Soon after, Johann Georg Neuburg  [ de ] donated his collection of bird and mammal specimens to the society. [14] The Naturmuseum Senckenberg was founded in 1821, just four years later. [lower-alpha 1] [17] Initially located near the Eschenheimer Turm, [18] the museum moved to a new building on Senckenberganlage in 1907. [19] In 1896 a mummified Egyptian child in their collection (inventory number ÄS 18) was the subject of the first mummy X-ray. [20] During World War II, the building was partly destroyed. [lower-alpha 2] However, the exhibits had been evacuated before. [14]

Building

The neo-baroque building [21] housing the Senckenberg Museum was erected between 1904 and 1907 by Ludwig Neher  [ de ] outside of the center of Frankfurt in the same area as the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, which was founded in 1914. [22] The museum is owned and operated by the Senckenberg Nature Research Society. [23] The exhibition area covers 6,000 m2 (65,000 sq ft). [24]

Source: [25]

Expansion plans

As of 2018, the museum has been expanded to 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft). [lower-alpha 3] [27] New planned sections: Human, Earth, Cosmos, Future. [28] [29]

Directors

Collections

The Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt has a large collection of animal, plant [31] and geology [32] exhibits from every epoch of Earth's history.

Dinosaurs

Diplodocus

Main attraction is a Diplodocus from Bone Cabin Quarry, Wyoming, [33] [34] donated by the American Museum of Natural History on the occasion of the present museum building's inauguration on 13 October 1907, [16] [35] [36] The 18 m (59 ft) mounted skeleton with additions contains bones of three different sauropod genera (Diplodocus and closely related Apatosaurus and Barosaurus ). [33] [37]

Psittacosaurus

As of 2022, a key holding is a fossilized Psittacosaurus (specimen SMF R 4970) from Liaoning, China, with clear bristles around its tail and visible fossilized stomach contents. [38] [39] [40] The specimen was first reported in 2002. [39] [41] The exact date and locality of the discovery within Liaoning is unknown. [38] A controversial debate about the legal ownership arose. [38] [42] In 2021, researchers described its cloaca in more detail and found similarities with the body outlet of birds. [43] [44] [45] In 2022, for the first time a belly button was found in a dinosaur fossil. [39] [46] A physical life reconstruction of the animal was prepared by paleoartist Robert Nicholls. [47] [48]

Edmontosaurus and Triceratops

Another originals are an Edmontosaurus annectens mummy (specimen SMF R 4036) from Lance Formation, Wyoming. [49] [50] [51] and two Triceratops skulls. [52] [10] The museum bought the three specimen from fossil collector Charles Hazelius Sternberg and his sons in the early 20th century. [53] [54] The museum also exhibits a cast of a complete Triceratops, [10] the museum's mascot. [55]

Casts

Big public attractions also include the casts of Tyrannosaurus rex [lower-alpha 4] and Diplodocus longus (in front of the museum), an Iguanodon , the crested Hadrosaur Parasaurolophus and an Oviraptor . [34]

Further casts or single bones: [34]

Birds

A living reconstruction of the extinkt dodo and many other stuffed birds are shown in a permanent exhibition in the upper level. [56] Additionally, the museum owns a large and diverse collection of birds with 90,000 bird skins, 5,050 egg sets, 17,000 skeletons, and 3,375 spirit specimens (a specimen preserved in fluid). [57] [58] This is 75% of the known bird species, only a minor part is exhibited. [58]

Reptiles

Anaconda is one of the oldest and most popular exhibits. [59] Since the remodeling finished in 2003, a new reptile exhibit addresses both the biodiversity of reptiles and amphibians and the topic of nature conservation. [60]

Messel research

The museum houses many originals from the nearby Messel pit, [61] Germany's first UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, [62] among them a predecessor to the modern horse that lived about 50 million years ago and stood less than 60 cm (24 in) tall. [63] [64] [65] In 2015, researchers found an foal fetus in the body of the petrified primeval horse mare. [66] [67] [68] Also primates, crocodiles, bats, snakes, turtles and other fossils were found at Messel pit. [69]

Mammals

Display collections full of stuffed animals are arranged in the upper levels; among other things one can see one of twenty existing examples of the quagga, which has been extinct since 1883. [70] [71]

The mammal collection focuses on bats, primates, rodents, and insectivores (not exhibited). [72]

Human evolution

Unique in Europe is a cast of the famous Lucy, [lower-alpha 5] an almost complete skeleton of the upright, 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall, hominid Australopithecus afarensis . [74] The exhibition also includes reconstructions of the heads of human ancestors. [74]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The museum was opened to the public on 22 November 1821. [16]
  2. ↑ Bombing of Frankfurt am Main in World War II, on 22 March 1944. [14]
  3. ↑ Including buildings Alte Physik (south) and Jügelbau (north) by architect Peter Kulka. [26]
  4. ↑ Copy of a Tyrannosaurus located at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. [10]
  5. ↑ The original Lucy is stored in a safe at the National Museum of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [73]

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