RP2 (gene)

RP2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2BX6, 3BH6, 3BH7
Identifiers
Aliases	RP2 , DELXp11.3, NM23-H10, NME10, TBCCD2, Xretinitis pigmentosa 2 (X-linked recessive), ARL3 GTPase activating protein, RP2 activator of ARL3 GTPase
External IDs	OMIM: 300757 MGI: 1277953 HomoloGene: 5042 GeneCards: RP2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)
End	46,882,358 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)
End	20,271,892 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; jejunal mucosa; ; bone marrow; ; blood; ; bone marrow cells; ; lower lobe of lung; ; appendix; ; gallbladder; ; rectum; ; islet of Langerhans;
	Top expressed in
	olfactory epithelium; ; spermatid; ; blood; ; seminal vesicula; ; spleen; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; left colon; ; duodenum; ; ascending aorta; ; ileum;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding ; unfolded protein binding ; GTP binding ; protein binding ; GTPase activator activity ; magnesium ion binding ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; ciliary basal body ; Golgi apparatus ; cell projection ; membrane ; plasma membrane ; periciliary membrane compartment ; centriole ; extracellular exosome ; cytoplasmic vesicle ; nucleoplasm ; cilium ; nuclear body ;
Biological process	post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway ; post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport ; protein folding ; protein transport ; visual perception ; positive regulation of GTPase activity ; transport ; cell morphogenesis ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6102
	19889
	ENSG00000102218
	ENSMUSG00000060090
	O75695
	Q9EPK2
	NM_006915
	NM_001290643 ; NM_001290644 ; NM_133669
	NP_008846
	NP_001277572 ; NP_001277573 ; NP_598430
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated September 12, 2023

Protein XRP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RP2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

The RP2 locus has been implicated as one cause of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. The predicted gene product shows homology with human cofactor C, a protein involved in the ultimate step of beta-tubulin folding. Progressive retinal degeneration may therefore be due to the accumulation of incorrectly folded photoreceptor or neuron-specific tubulin isoforms, followed by progressive cell death.^[7] The RP2 protein is also involved in regulating the function and extension of the outer segment of cone photoreceptors in mice.^[8]^[9]

Related Research Articles

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic disorder of the eyes that causes loss of vision. Symptoms include trouble seeing at night and decreasing peripheral vision. As peripheral vision worsens, people may experience "tunnel vision". Complete blindness is uncommon. Onset of symptoms is generally gradual and often begins in childhood.

Usherin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the USH2A gene.

X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator is a GTPase-binding protein that in humans is encoded by the RPGR gene. The gene is located on the X-chromosome and is commonly associated with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). In photoreceptor cells, RPGR is localized in the connecting cilium which connects the protein-synthesizing inner segment to the photosensitive outer segment and is involved in the modulation of cargo trafficked between the two segments.

Peripherin-2 is a protein, that in humans is encoded by the PRPH2 gene. Peripherin-2 is found in the rod and cone cells of the retina of the eye. Defects in this protein result in one form of retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable blindness.

PRP31 pre-mRNA processing factor 31 homolog , also known as PRPF31, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PRPF31 gene.

Cone-rod homeobox protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRX gene.

Crumbs homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRB1 gene.

Neural retina-specific leucine zipper protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRL gene.

Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCA1A gene.

Aryl-hydrocarbon-interacting protein-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIPL1 gene.

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL3 gene.

Tubby-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TULP1 gene.

Rod outer segment membrane protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ROM1 gene.

Oxygen-regulated protein 1 also known as retinitis pigmentosa 1 protein (RP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RP1 gene.

Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 1, also known as CNGB1, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein.

Fascin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FSCN2 gene.

Cytochrome P450 4V2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP4V2 gene.

Retinitis pigmentosa 9 (autosomal dominant), also known as RP9 or PAP-1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RP9 gene.

Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1, also known as IMP dehydrogenase 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IMPDH1 gene.

Retinal degeneration is a retinopathy which consists in the deterioration of the retina caused by the progressive death of its cells. There are several reasons for retinal degeneration, including artery or vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, R.L.F./R.O.P., or disease. These may present in many different ways such as impaired vision, night blindness, retinal detachment, light sensitivity, tunnel vision, and loss of peripheral vision to total loss of vision. Of the retinal degenerative diseases retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a very important example.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102218 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060090 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Bhattacharya SS, Wright AF, Clayton JF, Price WH, Phillips CI, McKeown CM, Jay M, Bird AC, Pearson PL, Southern EM (Jun 1984). "Close genetic linkage between X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and a restriction fragment length polymorphism identified by recombinant DNA probe L1.28". Nature. 309 (5965): 253–5. Bibcode:1984Natur.309..253B. doi:10.1038/309253a0. PMID 6325945. S2CID 4261359.
↑ Schwahn U, Lenzner S, Dong J, Feil S, Hinzmann B, van Duijnhoven G, Kirschner R, Hemberger M, Bergen AA, Rosenberg T, Pinckers AJ, Fundele R, Rosenthal A, Cremers FP, Ropers HH, Berger W (Sep 1998). "Positional cloning of the gene for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2". Nat Genet. 19 (4): 327–332. doi:10.1038/1214. PMID 9697692. S2CID 35746887.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: RP2 retinitis pigmentosa 2 (X-linked recessive)".
↑ Li L, Rao KN, Zheng-Le Y, Hurd TW, Lillo C, Khanna H (Sep 2015). "Loss of Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 (RP2) protein predominantly affects cone photoreceptor sensory cilium elongation in mice". Cytoskeleton. 72 (9): 447–54. doi:10.1002/cm.21255. PMC 4715527 . PMID 26383048.
↑ Li L, Khan N, Hurd T, Ghosh AK, Cheng C, Molday R, Heckenlively JR, Swaroop A, Khanna H (2013). "Ablation of the X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 (Rp2) gene in mice results in opsin mislocalization and photoreceptor degeneration". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 54 (7): 4503–11. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12140. PMC 3700388 . PMID 23745007.

Clayton JF, Wright AF, Jay M, McKeown CM, Dempster M, Jay BS, Bird AC, Bhattacharya SS (1986). "Genetic linkage between X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and DNA probe DXS7 (L1.28): further linkage data, heterogeneity testing, and risk estimation". Hum. Genet. 74 (2): 168–71. doi:10.1007/BF00282083. PMID 2876947. S2CID 29305725.
Thiselton DL, Hampson RM, Nayudu M, Van Maldergem L, Wolf ML, Saha BK, Bhattacharya SS, Hardcastle AJ (1997). "Mapping the RP2 locus for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa on proximal Xp: a genetically defined 5-cM critical region and exclusion of candidate genes by physical mapping". Genome Res. 6 (11): 1093–102. doi: 10.1101/gr.6.11.1093 . PMID 8938433.
Mears AJ, Gieser L, Yan D, Chen C, Fahrner S, Hiriyanna S, Fujita R, Jacobson SG, Sieving PA, Swaroop A (1999). "Protein-truncation mutations in the RP2 gene in a North American cohort of families with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64 (3): 897–900. doi:10.1086/302298. PMC 1377809 . PMID 10053026.
Hardcastle AJ, Thiselton DL, Van Maldergem L, Saha BK, Jay M, Plant C, Taylor R, Bird AC, Bhattacharya S (2000). "Mutations in the RP2 gene cause disease in 10% of families with familial X-linked retinitis pigmentosa assessed in this study". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64 (4): 1210–5. doi:10.1086/302325. PMC 1377846 . PMID 10090907.
Rosenberg T, Schwahn U, Feil S, Berger W (1999). "Genotype-phenotype correlation in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 (RP2)". Ophthalmic Genet. 20 (3): 161–172. doi:10.1076/opge.20.3.161.2278. PMID 10520237.
Wada Y, Nakazawa M, Abe T, Tamai M (2000). "A new Leu253Arg mutation in the RP2 gene in a Japanese family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 (1): 290–3. PMID 10634633.
Thiselton DL, Zito I, Plant C, Jay M, Hodgson SV, Bird AC, Bhattacharya SS, Hardcastle AJ (2000). "Novel frameshift mutations in the RP2 gene and polymorphic variants". Hum. Mutat. 15 (6): 580. doi: 10.1002/1098-1004(200006)15:6<580::AID-HUMU15>3.0.CO;2-3 . PMID 10862093.
Sharon D, Bruns GA, McGee TL, Sandberg MA, Berson EL, Dryja TP (2000). "X-linked retinitis pigmentosa: mutation spectrum of the RPGR and RP2 genes and correlation with visual function". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 (9): 2712–21. PMID 10937588.
Chapple JP, Hardcastle AJ, Grayson C, Spackman LA, Willison KR, Cheetham ME (2000). "Mutations in the N-terminus of the X-linked retinitis pigmentosa protein RP2 interfere with the normal targeting of the protein to the plasma membrane". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (13): 1919–26. doi: 10.1093/hmg/9.13.1919 . PMID 10942419.
Miano MG, Testa F, Filippini F, Trujillo M, Conte I, Lanzara C, Millán JM, De Bernardo C, Grammatico B, Mangino M, Torrente I, Carrozzo R, Simonelli F, Rinaldi E, Ventruto V, D'Urso M, Ayuso C, Ciccodicola A (2001). "Identification of novel RP2 mutations in a subset of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa families and prediction of new domains". Hum. Mutat. 18 (2): 109–19. doi:10.1002/humu.1160. PMID 11462235. S2CID 46654846.
Liu L, Wei Y, Chen H (2002). "[Identification of a nonsense mutation causing X-linked RP2 in two Chinese families]". Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 81 (2): 71–2. PMID 11798852.
Bartolini F, Bhamidipati A, Thomas S, Schwahn U, Lewis SA, Cowan NJ (2002). "Functional overlap between retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein and the tubulin-specific chaperone cofactor C". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17): 14629–34. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M200128200 . PMID 11847227.
Breuer DK, Yashar BM, Filippova E, Hiriyanna S, Lyons RH, Mears AJ, Asaye B, Acar C, Vervoort R, Wright AF, Musarella MA, Wheeler P, MacDonald I, Iannaccone A, Birch D, Hoffman DR, Fishman GA, Heckenlively JR, Jacobson SG, Sieving PA, Swaroop A (2002). "A comprehensive mutation analysis of RP2 and RPGR in a North American cohort of families with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (6): 1545–54. doi:10.1086/340848. PMC 379141 . PMID 11992260.
Bader I, Brandau O, Achatz H, Apfelstedt-Sylla E, Hergersberg M, Lorenz B, Wissinger B, Wittwer B, Rudolph G, Meindl A, Meitinger T (2003). "X-linked retinitis pigmentosa: RPGR mutations in most families with definite X linkage and clustering of mutations in a short sequence stretch of exon ORF15". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 (4): 1458–63. doi: 10.1167/iovs.02-0605 . PMID 12657579.
Sharon D, Sandberg MA, Rabe VW, Stillberger M, Dryja TP, Berson EL (2004). "RP2 and RPGR mutations and clinical correlations in patients with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 (5): 1131–46. doi:10.1086/379379. PMC 1180492 . PMID 14564670.
Andréasson S, Breuer DK, Eksandh L, Ponjavic V, Frennesson C, Hiriyanna S, Filippova E, Yashar BM, Swaroop A (2004). "Clinical studies of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa in three Swedish families with newly identified mutations in the RP2 and RPGR-ORF15 genes". Ophthalmic Genet. 24 (4): 215–23. doi:10.1076/opge.24.4.215.17228. PMID 14566651. S2CID 9032014.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102218 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060090 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid6325945-5] Bhattacharya SS, Wright AF, Clayton JF, Price WH, Phillips CI, McKeown CM, Jay M, Bird AC, Pearson PL, Southern EM (Jun 1984). "Close genetic linkage between X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and a restriction fragment length polymorphism identified by recombinant DNA probe L1.28". Nature. 309 (5965): 253–5. Bibcode:1984Natur.309..253B. doi:10.1038/309253a0. PMID 6325945. S2CID 4261359.

[pmid9697692-6] Schwahn U, Lenzner S, Dong J, Feil S, Hinzmann B, van Duijnhoven G, Kirschner R, Hemberger M, Bergen AA, Rosenberg T, Pinckers AJ, Fundele R, Rosenthal A, Cremers FP, Ropers HH, Berger W (Sep 1998). "Positional cloning of the gene for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2". Nat Genet. 19 (4): 327–332. doi:10.1038/1214. PMID 9697692. S2CID 35746887.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: RP2 retinitis pigmentosa 2 (X-linked recessive)".

[pmid26383048-8] Li L, Rao KN, Zheng-Le Y, Hurd TW, Lillo C, Khanna H (Sep 2015). "Loss of Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 (RP2) protein predominantly affects cone photoreceptor sensory cilium elongation in mice". Cytoskeleton. 72 (9): 447–54. doi:10.1002/cm.21255. PMC 4715527 . PMID 26383048.

[pmid23745007-9] Li L, Khan N, Hurd T, Ghosh AK, Cheng C, Molday R, Heckenlively JR, Swaroop A, Khanna H (2013). "Ablation of the X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 (Rp2) gene in mice results in opsin mislocalization and photoreceptor degeneration". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 54 (7): 4503–11. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12140. PMC 3700388 . PMID 23745007.

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RP2 (gene)

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading