Reserved IP addresses

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In the Internet addressing architecture, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) have reserved various Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for special purposes. [1]

Contents

IPv4

IPv4 designates special usage or applications for various addresses or address blocks: [1] [2]

Special address blocks
Address blockAddress rangeNumber of addressesScopeDescription
0.0.0.0/80.0.0.0–0.255.255.25516777216SoftwareCurrent (local, "this") network [1]
10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0–10.255.255.25516777216Private networkUsed for local communications within a private network [3]
100.64.0.0/10100.64.0.0–100.127.255.2554194304Private network Shared address space [4] for communications between a service provider and its subscribers when using a carrier-grade NAT
127.0.0.0/8127.0.0.0–127.255.255.25516777216HostUsed for loopback addresses to the local host [1]
169.254.0.0/16169.254.0.0–169.254.255.25565536SubnetUsed for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server
172.16.0.0/12172.16.0.0–172.31.255.2551048576Private networkUsed for local communications within a private network [3]
192.0.0.0/24192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255256Private networkIETF Protocol Assignments, DS-Lite (/29) [1]
192.0.2.0/24192.0.2.0–192.0.2.255256DocumentationAssigned as TEST-NET-1, documentation and examples [6]
192.88.99.0/24192.88.99.0–192.88.99.255256InternetReserved. [7] Formerly used for IPv6 to IPv4 relay [8] (included IPv6 address block 2002::/16).
192.168.0.0/16192.168.0.0–192.168.255.25565536Private networkUsed for local communications within a private network [3]
198.18.0.0/15198.18.0.0–198.19.255.255131072Private networkUsed for benchmark testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets [9]
198.51.100.0/24198.51.100.0–198.51.100.255256DocumentationAssigned as TEST-NET-2, documentation and examples [6]
203.0.113.0/24203.0.113.0–203.0.113.255256DocumentationAssigned as TEST-NET-3, documentation and examples [6]
224.0.0.0/4224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255268435456InternetIn use for multicast [10] (former Class D network)
233.252.0.0/24233.252.0.0-233.252.0.255256DocumentationAssigned as MCAST-TEST-NET, documentation and examples (Note that this is part of the above multicast space.) [10] [11]
240.0.0.0/4240.0.0.0–255.255.255.254268435455InternetReserved for future use [12] (former Class E network)
255.255.255.255/32255.255.255.2551SubnetReserved for the "limited broadcast" destination address [1]

IPv6

IPv6 assigns special uses or applications for various IP addresses: [1]

Special address blocks
Address block (CIDR)First addressLast addressNumber of addressesUsagePurpose
::/128::::1SoftwareUnspecified address
::1/128::1::11Host Loopback address—a virtual interface that loops all traffic back to itself, the local host
::ffff:0:0/96::ffff:0.0.0.0::ffff:255.255.255.255232SoftwareIPv4-mapped addresses
::ffff:0:0:0/96::ffff:0:0.0.0.0::ffff:0:255.255.255.255232SoftwareIPv4 translated addresses
64:ff9b::/9664:ff9b::0.0.0.064:ff9b::255.255.255.255232Global InternetIPv4/IPv6 translation [13]
64:ff9b:1::/4864:ff9b:1::64:ff9b:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff280, with 248 for each IPv4Private internetsIPv4/IPv6 translation [14]
100::/64100::100::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff264RoutingDiscard prefix [15]
2001:0000::/322001::2001::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff296Global Internet Teredo tunneling [16]
2001:20::/282001:20::2001:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2100Software ORCHIDv2 [17]
2001:db8::/322001:db8::2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff296DocumentationAddresses used in documentation and example source code [18]
2002::/162002::2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2112Global InternetThe 6to4 addressing scheme (deprecated) [7]
fc00::/7fc00::fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2121Private internets Unique local address [19]
fe80::/64 from fe80::/10fe80::fe80::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff264Link Link-local address
ff00::/8ff00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2120Global Internet Multicast address

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; B. Haberman (April 2013). R. Bonica (ed.). Special-Purpose IP Address Registries. IETF. doi: 10.17487/RFC6890 . ISSN   2070-1721. BCP 153. RFC 6890.Best Common Practice. Obsoletes RFC  4773, 5156, 5735 and 5736. Updated by RFC  8190.
  2. ↑ "IANA IPv4 Special-Purpose Address Registry". IANA . 19 August 2009.
  3. 1 2 3 Y. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC1918 . BCP 5. RFC 1918.Best Common Practice. Obsoletes RFC  1627 and 1597. Updated by RFC  6761.
  4. ↑ J. Weil; V. Kuarsingh; C. Donley; C. Liljenstolpe; M. Azinger (April 2012). IANA-Reserved IPv4 Prefix for Shared Address Space. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC6598 . ISSN   2070-1721. BCP 153. RFC 6598.Best Common Practice. Updates RFC  5735.
  5. ↑ S. Cheshire; B. Aboba; E. Guttman (May 2005). Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC3927 . RFC 3927.Proposed Standard.
  6. 1 2 3 J. Arkko; M. Cotton; L. Vegoda (January 2010). IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC5737 . ISSN   2070-1721. RFC 5737.Informational. Updates RFC  1166.
  7. 1 2 O. Troan (May 2015). B. Carpenter (ed.). Deprecating the Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC7526 . BCP 196. RFC 7526.Best Current Practice. Obsoletes RFC  3068 and 6732.
  8. ↑ C. Huitema (June 2001). An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC3068 . RFC 3068.Informational. Obsoleted by RFC  7526.
  9. ↑ S. Bradner; J. McQuaid (March 1999). Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC2544 . RFC 2544.Informational. Updated by: RFC  6201 and RFC  6815.
  10. 1 2 M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; D. Meyer (March 2010). IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments. IETF. doi: 10.17487/RFC5771 . ISSN   2070-1721. BCP 51. RFC 5771.Best Common Practice. Obsoletes RFC  3138 and 3171. Updates RFC  2780.
  11. ↑ S. Venaas; R. Parekh; G. Van de Velde; T. Chown; M. Eubanks (August 2012). Multicast Addresses for Documentation. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC6676 . ISSN   2070-1721. RFC 6676.Informational.
  12. ↑ J. Reynolds, ed. (January 2002). Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC3232 . RFC 3232.Informational. Obsoletes RFC  1700.
  13. ↑ C. Bao; C. Huitema; M. Bagnulo; M. Boucadair; X. Li (October 2010). IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators. IETF. doi: 10.17487/RFC6052 . ISSN   2070-1721. RFC 6052.Proposed Standard. Updates RFC  4291.
  14. ↑ T. Anderson (August 2017). Local-Use IPv4/IPv6 Translation Prefix. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC8215 . RFC 8215.Proposed Standard.
  15. ↑ N. Hilliard; D. Freedman (August 2012). A Discard Prefix for IPv6. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC6666 . ISSN   2070-1721. RFC 6666.Informational.
  16. ↑ S. Santesson (September 2006). TLS Handshake Message for Supplemental Data. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC4680 . RFC 4680.Proposed Standard. Updates RFC  4346. Updated by RFC  8447 and 8996.
  17. ↑ J. Laganier; F. Dupont (September 2014). An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers Version 2 (ORCHIDv2). Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC7343 . ISSN   2070-1721. RFC 7343.Proposed Standard. Obsoletes RFC  4843.
  18. ↑ G. Huston; A. Lord; P. Smith (July 2004). IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC3849 . RFC 3849.Informational.
  19. ↑ R. Hinden; B. Haberman (October 2005). Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC4193 . RFC 4193.Proposed Standard.
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