Ryan Shapiro

Last updated

Ryan Shapiro
Born
Ryan Noah Shapiro

1976 (age 47–48)
New York, NY
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater Massachusetts Institute of Technology
OccupationDoctoral student
Known for FOIA researcher, animal rights activist
Spouse(s)Stephanie Bain (married, 2011-present)
Relatives Paul Shapiro (brother) [1]

Ryan Noah Shapiro (born 1976)[ citation needed ] is a doctoral student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Doctoral Program in History, Anthropology, Science, Technology, and Society (HASTS), a U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) researcher, and an advocate for animal rights. [2] [3]

Contents

Work

Shapiro's baccalaureate and graduate studies have dealt extensively with the history of vegetarianism and the animal rights movement. His first publication was an in-depth review of James Gregory's seminal "Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement In Nineteenth-Century Britain". [4] His forthcoming doctoral dissertation is titled "Bodies at War: Animals, The Freedom of Science, and National Security in the United States, 1899-1979" and will focus on the conflict between ethical concerns over animal rights and U.S. national security concerns. In addition to the dissertation, he is also developing a historical map of how the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has handled the animal rights movement. [5] Both projects rely on large amounts of information that, while not necessarily classified, is usually only be made public once formally requested under the Freedom of Information Act.

When agencies of the U.S. Government have refused to process those requests or provided data that is highly redacted or otherwise manipulated, Shapiro has pursued repeated litigation that has been widely publicized.

Shapiro is regarded by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) as the "most prolific" FOIA requester, [6] [7] [8] and the FBI has claimed that his requests for information through the FOIA are "irreparably damag[ing] to national security." [9]

Politico has called Shapiro “a FOIA guru at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,” [10] leading open government site Muck Rock has called Shapiro “a FOIA super hero,” [11] and Marsh Professor of Journalism at Michigan University, author, and TED Senior Fellow Will Potter has called Shapiro “The FBI’s Worst Nightmare.” [12]

Personal life

Ryan Shapiro was born in 1976 in New York City. [13] Ryan is the brother of Paul Shapiro, former vice president of farm animal protection for the Humane Society of the United States. [1]

In 2005, Stephanie Bain answered a want-ad for a roommate posted by Ryan Shapiro. Although initially platonic, Shapiro would eventually propose to Bain at Ellwood Butterfly Preserve and Beach in Santa Barbara, five years after they first met. In 2011, the Shapiro married Stephenie Bain at Brookside Gardens in Wheaton, Maryland. The reception was vegan and was covered in the "Vegan Weddings 2012" section of VegNews Magazine. [13]

Ryan and his wife live in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Activism

Prior to his FOIA activism and his associated legal efforts, Ryan Shapiro was a leader in the movement to ban foie gras in the State of California. Shapiro, along with colleague Sarahjane Blum, produced the documentary "Delicacy of Despair: Behind the Closed Doors of the Foie Gras Industry" and created a website (www.gourmetcruelty.com), both of which expressly advocate for a ban on the production and consumption of foie gras. Through the film and website, as well as his support for anti-foie gras activists and protesters whose efforts included exposé-style investigations of companies such as Hudson Valley Foie Gras in New York and Sonoma Foie Gras in California, Shapiro played an important role in generating support for the anti-foie gras movement that led to California successfully but controversially banning the product. [14] (Hudson Valley Foie Gras is largely the subject of "Delicacy of Despair".)

Litigation

Ryan Shapiro's first lawsuit was directly related to his dissertation research. After in-depth study of FOIA regulations, Shapiro was able to determine that processing a request for information that names a specific individual, an investigation of a group that individual is affiliated with and includes a privacy waiver from that individual forces a response when provided to the FBI. Shapiro's technique initially worked and he began processing hundreds of FOIA requests formatted in that manner. After initial success, the FBI eventually refused to provide further information in a timely fashion. FOIA decisions are typically provided within 20 days from receipt of a request. The FBI told Ryan Shapiro that his requests would take seven years to review before he would be told if his request would be rejected. Shapiro decided to sue the FBI and retained the services of Jeffrey Light, a Washington, D.C. appellate attorney with an extensive background in pro bono civil rights and FOIA cases. [15]

In court, the FBI claimed that due to the volume of requests that they were receiving from Shapiro, there was no way for them to effectively redact the content of released records. Because of the sheer number of requests, even heavily redacted records could be assembled to create a "mosaic", a complete view of the FBI's ongoing investigations into animal rights groups.

Alongside other notable animal-rights activists, Ryan Shapiro was a co-plaintiff in the high-profile Federal lawsuit Blum v. Holder. Alexander Reinert of the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law and David Milton and Howard Friedman of Howard Friedman PC represented the plaintiffs. The case challenged the constitutionality of the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act 18 U.S.C. § 43-2006 (also known as the AETA) which criminalizes certain forms of protest and other actions against animal-using enterprises and their employees that the law purports to be "acts of terrorism". Shapiro and the other plaintiffs argued the measures are draconian violations of First Amendment freedom of speech and freedom of the press protections. Department of Justice lawyers representing the defendant Eric Holder argue that because the plaintiffs were never prosecuted under the AETA, they failed to meet the standard of an "aggrieved party" that would grant them standing to bring the suit. The plaintiffs contended that as animal rights activists, their work depended upon their ability to speak freely about issues impacting animal rights, and that fear of prosecution under the AETA chilled their speech and as a result negatively impacted their ability to perform their work. The case was dismissed on March 12, 2013 after the presiding Judge Joseph L. Tauro sided with the defense and confirmed the plaintiffs lacked standing. [16]

Shapiro and the other parties to the suit acquired new representation from the Center for Constitutional Rights and appealed the decision, arguing their cases before Judges Lynch, Thompson and Kayatta. [17] There was widespread support for the plaintiffs. An amicus brief was filed on their behalf by the New York State Bar Association that confirmed the original arguments in the case and also held that the terrorism provisions robbed AETA defendants of their Fifth Amendment rights to due process. The ACLU also filed an amicus brief, arguing that the terms used by the AETA are not properly defined and as a result the law is so vague it cannot be properly enforced. Despite the arguments, on March 7, 2014, the appellate court affirmed the case's original dismissal based on standing. The court's published opinion elaborated that the case brought by Shapiro and his colleagues was "based on speculation that the Government will enforce the Act" and that "such unsubstantiated and speculative fear is not a basis for standing."

Shapiro and investigative journalist Jason Leopold filed a joint lawsuit on July 26, 2013 against the FBI for ignoring their FOIA requests concerning a possible file on Michael Hastings, a Rolling Stone journalist who died in a fiery high-speed automobile crash on June 18, 2013 in Los Angeles, California. [9] [18] [19] As the result of the lawsuit, the FBI publicly released 21 pages of internal documents it had compiled on Hastings on September 21, 2013. The documents are available directly through the FBI's website. None of the documents provided allude to Hastings as the target of an investigation, and the FBI claims that the documents represent all of their records on Hastings. [20]

In addition, Shapiro is the sole plaintiff of a lawsuit seeking for a Federal court to force the Department of Justice to comply with an FOIA request for documentation concerning a Federal Bureau of Investigation threat assessment of an alleged plot to assassinate Occupy Houston protesters. On March 12, 2014, the presiding Judge Rosemary M. Collyer of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia has ruled that, while the FBI may have a right to refuse some documents to Shapiro, the justification they have provided to the court is incorrect (in a series of briefs filed between June 16 and June 30, 2013, FBI FOIA chief David Hardy maintained that the documents are exempt from the FOIA because they were compiled for "law enforcement purposes"). [21] [22] As of March 23, 2014 the case remains before the court. [23] [24]

In January 2014, Ryan Shapiro sued the Central Intelligence Agency after they failed to respond to a FOIA request he processed for documents related to Nelson Mandela. The request was processed in order to determine whether the US intelligence community played a role in Mandela's arrest and subsequent imprisonment by pro-Apartheid forces in South Africa. In addition to the CIA, the FBI, the National Security Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency also received FOIA requests from Shapiro. Every other agency responded to the request, although the NSA refused to admit the existence of any records pertaining to Mandela and the DIA responded without processing the request. [25]

In November 2016, Shapiro and Washington, DC-based FOIA specialist attorney, Jeffery Light, founded the non-profit transparency organization, Property of the People. One project of Property of the People, Operation 45, seeks transparency and accountability from the Trump/Pence administration. As of that month, Shapiro had 12 ongoing FOIA lawsuits against several U.S. government departments and agencies, including the FBI, CIA, IRS, National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Justice, Secret Service and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. He said he is "genuinely worried about the survival of FOIA itself as a tool under President Trump." [26] Shapiro told The Nation in February 2017 that Light and himself were working full-time on the project since the election of President Trump. [27]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> U.S. federal law enforcement agency

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. An agency of the United States Department of Justice, the FBI is also a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, the FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) is an independent nonprofit research center established in 1994 to protect privacy, freedom of expression, and democratic values in the information age. Based in Washington, D.C., their mission is to "secure the fundamental right to privacy in the digital age for all people through advocacy, research, and litigation."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freedom of Information Act (United States)</span> 1967 US statute regarding access to information held by the US government

The Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552, is the United States federal freedom of information law that requires the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased or uncirculated information and documents controlled by the U.S. government, state, or other public authority upon request. The act defines agency records subject to disclosure, outlines mandatory disclosure procedures, and includes nine exemptions that define categories of information not subject to disclosure. The act was intended to make U.S. government agencies' functions more transparent so that the American public could more easily identify problems in government functioning and put pressure on Congress, agency officials, and the president to address them. The FOIA has been changed repeatedly by both the legislative and executive branches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joint Terrorism Task Force</span> Multi-agency law enforcement partnerships in the United States

In the United States, a Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) is a locally-based multi-agency partnership between various federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies tasked with investigating terrorism and terrorism-related crimes, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and U.S. Department of Justice. The first JTTFs were established before the September 11 attacks, with their numbers increasing dramatically in the years after.

Judicial Watch (JW) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit American conservative activist group that files Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuits to investigate claimed misconduct by government officials. Founded in 1994, JW has primarily targeted Democrats, in particular the administrations of Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, as well as Hillary Clinton's role in them. It was founded by attorney Larry Klayman, and has been led by Tom Fitton since 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Security Archive</span> Open government advocacy and investigative journalism nonprofit at George Washington University

The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy. The National Security Archive is an investigative journalism center, open government advocate, international affairs research institute, and the largest repository of declassified U.S. documents outside the federal government. The National Security Archive has spurred the declassification of more than 15 million pages of government documents by being the leading non-profit user of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), filing a total of more than 70,000 FOIA and declassification requests in its over 35+ years of history.

Animal Outlook, formerly known as Compassion Over Killing (COK), is a nonprofit animal advocacy organization based in Washington, D.C. It is headed since May 2021 by Executive Director Cheryl Leahy, who succeeded Erica Meier. Formed in 1995, as a high school club, their primary campaigns are to advocate against factory farming and promote vegan eating. While the group welcomes those who are interested in animal welfare who eat meat, it encourages a transition to a plant-based diet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Controversial invocations of the Patriot Act</span>

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The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press(RCFP) is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that provides pro bono legal services and resources to and on behalf of journalists. The organization pursues litigation, offers direct representation, submits amicus curiae briefs, and provides other legal assistance on matters involving the First Amendment, press freedom, freedom of information, and court access issues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National security letter</span> US government administrative subpoena

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Animal Legal Defense Fund</span> American non-profit law organization

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act</span> United States federal law

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foie gras controversy</span> Status of legal issue concerning ethical food consumption and animal welfare

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<i>Electronic Privacy Information Center v. Department of Justice</i>

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The California foie gras law or Senate Bill 1520 is a California State statute that prohibits the "force feed[ing of] a bird for the purpose of enlarging the bird's liver beyond normal size" as well as the sale of products that are a result of this process (§ 25982). This outlawed the traditional method of producing foie gras in California. The law was enacted in 2004 and went into effect on July 1, 2012. The law has been challenged repeatedly since its enactment. The ninth circuit in 2022 upheld a lower court’s 2020 ruling, which allowed residents to purchase foie gras for their individual use from out-of-state retailers.

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References

  1. 1 2 Mark Caro (March 10, 2009). The Foie Gras Wars: How a 5,000-Year-Old Delicacy Inspired the World's Fiercest Food Fight. Simon and Schuster. pp. 106–. ISBN   978-1-4391-5838-8.
  2. ↑ Goodison, Donna (August 1, 2007). "Cambridge squawks over cages". Boston Herald . Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  3. ↑ Lavoie, Denise (December 15, 2011). "Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act Fought By Activists". Huffington Post . Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  4. ↑ Shapiro, Ryan (January 2008). "Ryan Shapiro-Papers". Victorian Studies. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  5. ↑ "Graduate Student Info". MIT HASTS. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  6. ↑ Potter, Will (November 13, 2013). "Meet the Punk Rocker Who Can Liberate Your FBI File". Mother Jones . Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  7. ↑ Leopold, Jason (September 9, 2013). "FBI continues to investigate Hastings for 'controversial reporting'". Al Jazeera America. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  8. ↑ Sledge, Matt (November 14, 2013). "The FBI Doesn't Want You To Know Why It Won't Tell You Its Secrets". Huffington Post . Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  9. 1 2 Lennard, Natasha (November 13, 2013). "FBI calls Ph.D. FOIA research a national security risk". Salon . Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Hampton Creek 'Just Mayo' scandal spreads". Politico . August 5, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Requester's Voice: Ryan Shapiro". December 20, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Meet the FBI's Worst Nightmare".
  13. 1 2 "Vegan Weddings 2012 (Stephanie Bain & Ryan Shapiro)". VegNews. July 5, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Duck Rescue and Foie Gras Cruelty Exposé". OpenRescue.org. September 2003. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Grassroots News, Patriot Award: Jeffrey Light". Constitution in Crisis. Bill of Rights Defense Committee. 9 (12). December 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  16. ↑ Blum v. Holder, 930F. Supp. 2d326, 337(D. Mass.2013)("Because Plaintiffs have therefore failed to establish Article III standing, Defendant Holder’s Motion to Dismiss (#11) is ALLOWED").
  17. ↑ "Rights Group Appeals Dismissal of Federal Animal Rights "Terrorism" Challenge" (Press release). Boston and New York: Center for Constitutional Rights. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  18. ↑ Leopold, Jason (July 28, 2013). "We're Suing the FBI For Records on Journalist Michael Hastings". Freedom of the Press Foundation. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  19. ↑ Stableford, Dylan (June 21, 2013). "Witness: Hastings' speeding car 'shook my car like a freight truck going by'". Yahoo!News. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  20. ↑ "FBI Records: The Vault". Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  21. ↑ David M. Hardy (June 30, 2013). "Second Declaration of David M. Hardy" (PDF). The Wall Street Journal Online. United States District Court for the District of Columbia. p. 7. Retrieved March 26, 2014. This provides additional information and clarity to establish the nexus between the enforcement of federal law and the compilation of records withheld under Exemption 7. As provided in my previous declaration, there are dual law enforcement purposes for the compilation of the responsive records in this case: "the FBI's general investigative authority" per 28 U.S.C. 533 and 534 and the FBI's assigned "lead role in investigating terrorism and in the collection of terrorism threat information."
  22. ↑ "Explanation of FOIA/PA Exemptions - Subsections of Title 5, United States Code, Section 552". FBI Records: The Vault. The Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved March 26, 2014. b7. records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes
  23. ↑ Gershman, Jacob (March 18, 2014). "FBI Ordered to Justify Shielding of Records Sought About Alleged 'Occupy' Sniper Plot". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  24. ↑ Langford, Cameron (March 17, 2014). "FBI Must Explain Why It Withheld Documents". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  25. ↑ Sledge, Matt (January 25, 2014). "CIA Sued To Solve Decades-Old Nelson Mandela Mystery". Huffington Post . Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  26. ↑ Norton, Ben (November 27, 2016). ""FOIA superhero" launches campaign to make Donald Trump's administration transparent". Salon. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  27. ↑ Holland, Joshua (February 6, 2017). "Your Guide to the Sprawling New Anti-Trump Resistance Movement". The Nation. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
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