Sandra Eaton

Last updated
Sandra Eaton
Alma mater Wellesley College
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Employer(s) University of Colorado Denver
University of Denver
Known for Electron paramagnetic resonance

Sandra Eaton is an American chemist and professor at the University of Denver, known for her work on electron paramagnetic resonance.

Contents

Education

Eaton completed her bachelor's degree in chemistry at Wellesley College in 1968. [1] She was elected to Phi Beta Kappa at Wellesley and published her undergraduate research. She earned a PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1972. [1]

Research

Eaton joined the University of Colorado Denver in 1973 as an assistant professor. [1] She received a National Science Foundation Visiting Professorship for Women in 1984, and joined the University of Denver, where she was appointed professor in 1990. [1]

Eaton is based in the EPR Center at the University of Denver. [2] Her research is focused on electron paramagnetic resonance, which she uses to study organic radicals and transition metal ions. Using pulsed EPR it is possible to measure electron spin relaxation, which can help uncover the dynamics of molecules. examined the frequency dependence of electron spin relaxation in fluid solution for several important types of radicals. [3] She has studied the mechanisms of spin and spin-lattice relaxation in rigid lattices and fluid solutions; identifying the role of methyl groups and nuclear spins in spin echo dephasing. [4] Her systematic studies in both glassy solvents and fluid solutions can be used to establish the relationship between structure and relaxation. [5] Eaton developed spectral-spatial imaging using EPR, as well as the analysis software to accompany it. She wrote "EPR Imaging and in Vivo EPR" in 1991. [6]

Eaton has published several books about electron paramagnetic resonance and how to quantitatively produce the same results between labs. In 1998, Eaton published Foundations of Modern EPR. [7] Distance measurents in Biological Systems by EPR was published in 2000. [8] She published Biomedical EPR - Part A: Free Radicals, Metals, Medicine and Physiology and Part B: Methodology, Instrumentation, and Dynamics in 2004. [9] [10] In 2010 she published Quantitative EPR. [11]

In 2016 she collaborated with a biotechnology company to develop commercial imaging equipment. [12] She demonstrated a way to measure oxygen in the body in realtime, which can provide similar information to MRI. [13] At the Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging they are developing these techniques to monitor disease therapies in situ. [14]

She has been principal investigator on several large NSF grants. [15] She and her husband Gareth Eaton have a book fund at Harvard Library for chemistry students. [16] She was appointed a Fellow of the Electron Paramagnetic Society in 2008. She has published extensively in peer-reviewed journals, has a H-index of over 50 and an I10-index of 239. [17]

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) results from transferring spin polarization from electrons to nuclei, thereby aligning the nuclear spins to the extent that electron spins are aligned. Note that the alignment of electron spins at a given magnetic field and temperature is described by the Boltzmann distribution under the thermal equilibrium. It is also possible that those electrons are aligned to a higher degree of order by other preparations of electron spin order such as: chemical reactions, optical pumping and spin injection. DNP is considered one of several techniques for hyperpolarization. DNP can also be induced using unpaired electrons produced by radiation damage in solids.

Microwave spectroscopy is the spectroscopy method that employs microwaves, i.e. electromagnetic radiation at GHz frequencies, for the study of matter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electron paramagnetic resonance</span> Technique to study materials that have unpaired electrons

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei. EPR spectroscopy is particularly useful for studying metal complexes and organic radicals. EPR was first observed in Kazan State University by Soviet physicist Yevgeny Zavoisky in 1944, and was developed independently at the same time by Brebis Bleaney at the University of Oxford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spin trapping</span> Technique for isolating and observing short-lived free radical molecules

Spin trapping is an analytical technique employed in chemistry and biology for the detection and identification of short-lived free radicals through the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR spectroscopy detects paramagnetic species such as the unpaired electrons of free radicals. However, when the half-life of radicals is too short to detect with EPR, compounds known as spin traps are used to react covalently with the radical products and form more stable adduct that will also have paramagnetic resonance spectra detectable by EPR spectroscopy. The use of radical-addition reactions to detect short-lived radicals was developed by several independent groups by 1968.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DPPH</span> Chemical compound

DPPH is a common abbreviation for the organic chemical compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. It is a dark-colored crystalline powder composed of stable free radical molecules. DPPH has two major applications, both in laboratory research: one is a monitor of chemical reactions involving radicals, most notably it is a common antioxidant assay, and another is a standard of the position and intensity of electron paramagnetic resonance signals.

Alan Mark Portis was an American solid-state physicist and founder of the Berkeley Physics Laboratory.

Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) is a magnetic resonance technique for elucidating the molecular and electronic structure of paramagnetic species. The technique was first introduced to resolve interactions in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. It is currently practiced in a variety of modalities, mainly in the areas of biophysics and heterogeneous catalysis.

Acoustic paramagnetic resonance (APR) is a phenomenon of resonant absorption of sound by a system of magnetic particles placed in an external magnetic field. It occurs when the energy of the sound wave quantum becomes equal to the splitting of the energy levels of the particles, the splitting being induced by the magnetic field. APR is a variation of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) where the acoustic rather than electromagnetic waves are absorbed by the studied sample. APR was theoretically predicted in 1952, independently by Semen Altshuler and Alfred Kastler, and was experimentally observed by W. G. Proctor and W. H. Tanttila in 1955.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semen Altshuler</span> Soviet physicist (1911–1983)

Semyon Alexandrovich Altshuler was a Soviet physicist known for his work in resonance spectroscopy and in particular for theoretical prediction of acoustic paramagnetic resonance in 1952.

William Dale Phillips (1925-1993) was an American chemist, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopist, federal science policy advisor and member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was born October 10, 1925, in Kansas City, Missouri and died in St. Louis, Missouri, on December 15, 1993.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance</span>

Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an electron paramagnetic resonance technique that involves the alignment of the net magnetization vector of the electron spins in a constant magnetic field. This alignment is perturbed by applying a short oscillating field, usually a microwave pulse. One can then measure the emitted microwave signal which is created by the sample magnetization. Fourier transformation of the microwave signal yields an EPR spectrum in the frequency domain. With a vast variety of pulse sequences it is possible to gain extensive knowledge on structural and dynamical properties of paramagnetic compounds. Pulsed EPR techniques such as electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) or pulsed electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) can reveal the interactions of the electron spin with its surrounding nuclear spins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy</span> Spectroscopy of paramagnetic compounds via NMR

Paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy refers to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of paramagnetic compounds. Although most NMR measurements are conducted on diamagnetic compounds, paramagnetic samples are also amenable to analysis and give rise to special effects indicated by a wide chemical shift range and broadened signals. Paramagnetism diminishes the resolution of an NMR spectrum to the extent that coupling is rarely resolved. Nonetheless spectra of paramagnetic compounds provide insight into the bonding and structure of the sample. For example, the broadening of signals is compensated in part by the wide chemical shift range (often 200 ppm in 1H NMR). Since paramagnetism leads to shorter relaxation times (T1), the rate of spectral acquisition can be high.

James S. Hyde was an American biophysicist. He held the James S. Hyde chair in Biophysics at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) where he specialized in magnetic resonance instrumentation and methodology development in two distinct areas: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He is senior author of the widely cited 1995 paper by B.B. Biswal et al. reporting the discovery of resting state functional connectivity (fcMRI) in the human brain. He also served as Director of the National Biomedical EPR Center, a Research Resource supported by the National Institutes of Health. He was author of more than 400 peer-reviewed papers and review articles and held 35 U.S. Patents. He was recognized by Festschrifts in both EPR and fcMRI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boris Kochelaev</span> Soviet and Russian physicist

Boris Ivanovich Kochelaev is a Soviet and Russian physicist and professor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolfgang Lubitz</span> German chemist and biophysicist

Wolfgang Lubitz is a German chemist and biophysicist. He is currently a director emeritus at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion. He is well known for his work on bacterial photosynthetic reaction centres, hydrogenase enzymes, and the oxygen-evolving complex using a variety of biophysical techniques. He has been recognized by a Festschrift for his contributions to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and its applications to chemical and biological systems.

David Collison is a British chemist and a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at The University of Manchester. His research in general is based on inorganic chemistry and magnetochemistry, specifically on coordination chemistry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and f-block chemistry.

R. David Britt is the Winston Ko Chair and Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Davis. Britt uses electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study metalloenzymes and enzymes containing organic radicals in their active sites. Britt is the recipient of multiple awards for his research, including the Bioinorganic Chemistry Award in 2019 and the Bruker Prize in 2015 from the Royal Society of Chemistry. He has received a Gold Medal from the International EPR Society (2014), and the Zavoisky Award from the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2018). He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daniella Goldfarb</span> Israeli chemist

Daniella Goldfarb is an Israeli chemist who is the Erich Klieger Professorial Chair in Chemical Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science. She is the President’s Advisor for Advancing Women in Science. Her research makes use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. She was awarded the 2016 Israel Chemical Society Excellence prize.

{{Infobox scientist | name = Marina Bennati | workplaces = [[Max Planck Institute for multidisciplinary Sciences]
[University of Göttingen]]
Goethe University Frankfurt
Massachusetts Institute of Technology | alma_mater = University of Stuttgart
University of Münster | thesis_title = Zeitaufgelöste Elektronen-Spin-Resonanz an photoangeregten Zuständen spezieller Donor-Akzeptor-Systeme | thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/258062810 | thesis_year = 1995 }}

Electron resonance imaging (ERI) is a preclinical imaging method, together with positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other techniques. ERI is dedicated to imaging small laboratory animals and its unique feature is the ability to detect free radicals. This technique could also be used for other purposes such as material science, quality of food, etc.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "DU Portfolio". portfolio.du.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  2. ↑ Denver, University of. "EPR Center | Natural Sciences & Mathematics | University of Denver". epr-center.du.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  3. ↑ Sato, H.; Kathirvelu, V.; Fielding, A.; Blinco, J. P.; Micallef, A. S.; Bottle, S. E.; Eaton, S. S.; Eaton, G. R. (August 2007). "Impact of molecular size on electron spin relaxation rates of nitroxyl radicals in glassy solvents between 100 and 300 K" (PDF). Molecular Physics. 105 (15–16): 2137–2151. Bibcode:2007MolPh.105.2137S. doi:10.1080/00268970701724966. ISSN   0026-8976. S2CID   96023757.
  4. ↑ Biller, Joshua R.; Meyer, Virginia M.; Elajaili, Hanan; Rosen, Gerald M.; Eaton, Sandra S.; Eaton, Gareth R. (2012). "Frequency dependence of electron spin relaxation times in aqueous solution for a nitronyl nitroxide radical and perdeuterated-tempone between 250MHz and 34GHz". Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 225: 52–57. Bibcode:2012JMagR.225...52B. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2012.10.002. PMC   3538045 . PMID   23123770.
  5. ↑ Eaton, Sandra S.; Huber, Kirby; Elajaili, Hanan; McPeak, Joseph; Eaton, Gareth R.; Longobardi, Lauren E.; Stephan, Douglas W. (2017). "Electron spin relaxation of a boron-containing heterocyclic radical". Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 276: 7–13. Bibcode:2017JMagR.276....7E. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2016.12.013. PMID   28081476.
  6. ↑ EPR imaging and in vivo EPR. Eaton, Gareth R., Eaton, Sandra S., Ohno, Keiichi. Boca Raton, FL. 29 November 2017. ISBN   9781315892788. OCLC   1020789984.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ↑ R., Eaton, Gareth (1998). Foundations of modern EPR. Eaton, Sandra S., Salikhov, K. M. (Kev Minullinovich). Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN   9789810232955. OCLC   37695761.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ J., Berliner, Lawrence (2002). Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR. Eaton, Gareth R., Eaton, Sandra S. Boston, MA: Springer US. ISBN   9780306465338. OCLC   853270666.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Biomedical EPR. Eaton, Sandra S., Eaton, Gareth R., Berliner, Lawrence J. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 2005. ISBN   9780306485060. OCLC   209817713.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ↑ Biomedical EPR. Eaton, Sandra S., Eaton, Gareth R., Berliner, Lawrence J. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 2005. ISBN   9780306485329. OCLC   209817713.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  11. ↑ Quantitative EPR. Eaton, Gareth R., Eaton, Sandra S., Barr, David P., Weber, Ralph Thomas, 1958-. Wien: Springer. 2010. ISBN   9783211929483. OCLC   663098006.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. ↑ "Making Innovation at DU Available to the World" . Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  13. ↑ "Real-Time Measurements of Oxygen in a Living Body" . Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  14. ↑ University of Denver (2016-10-17), Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging: Sandra and Gareth Eaton , retrieved 2018-03-26
  15. ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award#1227992 – MRI: Development of an Innovative EPR Spectrometer". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  16. ↑ "Gareth and Sandra Eaton Book Fund – Giving to the Library – Harvard College Library". hcl.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  17. ↑ "Sandra Eaton – Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
  18. ↑ "Bruker Lectures | RSC ESR Spectroscopy Group". www.esr-group.org. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.