Scent hound

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The Beagle: long ears, large nasal passages, and a sturdy body for endurance Beagle Faraon.JPG
The Beagle: long ears, large nasal passages, and a sturdy body for endurance
A Treeing Walker Coonhound baying Baying.jpg
A Treeing Walker Coonhound baying
Franz Rudolf Frisching in the uniform of an officer of the Bernese Huntsmen Corps with his Berner Laufhund, painted by Jean Preudhomme in 1785 Franz Rudolf Frisching.jpg
Franz Rudolf Frisching in the uniform of an officer of the Bernese Huntsmen Corps with his Berner Laufhund, painted by Jean Preudhomme in 1785

Scent hounds (or scenthounds) [1] are a type of hound that primarily hunts by scent rather than sight. These breeds are hunting dogs and are generally regarded as having some of the most sensitive noses among dogs. Scent hounds specialize in following scent or smells. Most of them tend to have long, drooping ears and large nasal cavities to enhance smell sensitivity. They need to have relatively high endurance to be able to keep track of scent over long distances and rough terrain. It is believed that they were first bred by the Celts by crossbreeding mastiff-type dogs with sighthounds. The first established scent hounds were St. Hubert Hounds (the ancestor of today's Bloodhound) bred by monks in Belgium during the Middle Ages. [2]

Contents

Description

Hounds are hunting dogs that either hunt by following the scent of a game animal (scent hounds) or by following the animal by sight (sighthounds). There are many breeds in the scent hound type, and scent hounds may do other work as well, so exactly which breeds should be called scent hound can be controversial. Kennel clubs assign breeds of dogs to Groups, which are loosely based on breed types. Each kennel club determines which breeds it will place in a given group.

Scent hounds specialize in following a smell or scent. Most of these breeds have long, drooping ears. One theory says that this trait helps to collect scent from the air and keep it near the dog's face and nose. They also have large nasal cavities, which helps them scent better. Their typically loose, moist lips are said to assist in trapping scent particles.

Because scent hounds tend to walk or run with their noses to the ground, many scent hound breeds have been developed such that the dog will hold their tail upright when on a scent. In addition, some breeds (e.g. beagle) also have been bred to have white hair on the tip of their tails. These traits allow the dog's master to identify him when at a distance or in longer grassland.

Scent hounds do not need to be as fast as sighthounds, because they do not need to keep prey in sight, but they need endurance so that they can stick with a scent and follow it for long distances over rough terrain. The best scent hounds can follow a scent trail even across running water and even when it is several days old. Most scent hounds are used for hunting in packs of multiple dogs. Longer-legged hounds run more quickly and usually require that the hunters follow on horseback; shorter-legged hounds allow hunters to follow on foot. Hunting with some breeds, such as German Bracke, American Foxhounds, or coonhounds, involves allowing the pack of dogs to run freely while the hunters wait in a fixed spot until the dogs' baying announces that the game has been "treed". The hunters then go to the spot on foot, following the sound of the dogs' baying. [3]

Vocalization

Most scent hounds have a range of vocalizations, which can vary depending upon the situation the dog finds himself in. Their baying voice - most often used when excited and is useful in informing their master that they are following a scent trail - is deep and booming and can be distinct from their barking voice; which itself can have variations in tone from excited to nervous or fearful.

As they are bred to 'give voice' when excited, scent hounds may bark much more frequently than other dog breeds. Although this can be a nuisance in settled areas, it is a valuable trait that allows the dog's handler to follow the dog or pack of dogs during a hunt even when they are out of sight, such as when following a fox or raccoon through woodland

Classification

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) places scent hounds into their classification "Group 6". This includes a subdivision, "Section 2, Leash Hounds", some examples of which are the Bavarian Mountain Hound (Bayrischer Gebirgsschweisshund, no. 217), the Hanover Hound (Hannover'scher Schweisshund, no. 213), and the Alpine Dachsbracke (Alpenländische Dachsbracke, no. 254). In addition, the Dalmatian and the Rhodesian Ridgeback are placed in Group 6 as "Related breeds".

Genetic history

Genetic studies indicate that the scent hounds are more closely related to each other than they are with other branches on the dog family tree. [4]

Breeds

The scent hound type includes the following breeds:

United Kennel Club (US) Scenthound Group

The Scenthound Group is the group category used by the United Kennel Club (US), which it divides into two categories. The first includes the American hunting dogs known as coonhounds and the European hounds from which they were developed. These are referred to as Tree Hounds. The category also includes curs, American dogs bred for hunting a variety of game, such as squirrels, raccoons, opossums, bobcats, cougars, American black bears and feral pigs. The second category is referred to as Trailing Scenthounds, and includes dogs used for tracking of humans, reputedly descended from the St. Hubert Hounds. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basset Fauve de Bretagne</span> Dog breed

The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a short-legged hunting breed of dog of the scent hound type, originally from Brittany, a historical duchy of France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen</span> Dog breed

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Bleu de Gascogne</span> Dog breed

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen</span> Dog breed

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basset Bleu de Gascogne</span> Dog breed

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie</span> Dog breed

The Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie is a medium-sized breed of dog used in hunting as a scenthound, usually in packs. It is one of the Anglo-French hound breeds which were created by crossing French scenthounds with English foxhounds. The name Petite Vénerie does not mean that dogs of the breed are petite or small, but rather that it is used to hunt small game.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basset Artésien Normand</span> Dog breed

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anglo-Français and Français (hound)</span> Type of dog

Anglo-Français and Français hounds are a general dog type of hunting dog that include ancient French hounds and breeds created by mixing the French dogs with English (Anglo) Foxhounds. There are seven dog breeds that are described as Anglo-Français and Français hounds.

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The Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir translated into English as the Great Anglo-French White and Black Hound, is a breed of dog used in hunting as a scenthound, usually in packs. It is one of the Anglo-French hound breeds which were created by crossing French scenthounds with English (Anglo) Foxhounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange</span> Dog breed

The Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange translated into English as the Great Anglo-French White and Orange Hound, is a breed of dog used in hunting as a scenthound, usually in packs. It is one of the Anglo-French hound breeds which were created by crossing French scenthounds with English (Anglo) foxhounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petit Bleu de Gascogne</span> Dog breed

The Petit Bleu de Gascogne is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France and used for hunting in packs. Today's breed is the descendant of a large hunting dog. The Petit Bleu de Gascogne is not a small (petite) dog, the name comes from its use on small game.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffon Bleu de Gascogne</span> Dog breed

The Griffon Bleu de Gascogne is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France, and is a versatile hunting dog, used on small and large game, in packs or individually. The Griffon Bleu de Gascogne has a speckled, rough coat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffon Nivernais</span> Dog breed

The Griffon Nivernais is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. It is a versatile hunting dog, used on small and large game, in packs or individually. Today's breed is a reconstruction of an ancient type of dog from the Nivernais region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffon Fauve de Bretagne</span> Dog breed

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basset</span> Scenthounds with short legs

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References

  1. "Breed Group Designations". United Kennel Club . Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  2. History - American Kennel Club
  3. Coon hunting on ESPN
  4. vonHoldt, Bridgett M.; John P. Pollinger; Kirk E. Lohmueller; Eunjung Han; Heidi G. Parker; Pascale Quignon; Jeremiah D. Degenhardt; Adam R. Boyko; Dent A. Earl; Adam Auton; Andy Reynolds; Kasia Bryc; Abra Brisbin; James C. Knowles; Dana S. Mosher; Tyrone C. Spady; Abdel Elkahloun; Eli Geffen; Malgorzata Pilot; Wlodzimierz Jedrzejewski; Claudia Greco; Ettore Randi; Danika Bannasch; Alan Wilton; Jeremy Shearman; Marco Musiani; Michelle Cargill; Paul G. Jones; Zuwei Qian; Wei Huang; Zhao-Li Ding; Ya-ping Zhang; Carlos D. Bustamante; Elaine A. Ostrander; John Novembre; Robert K. Wayne (8 April 2010). "Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication". Nature. 464 (7290): 898–902. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..898V. doi:10.1038/nature08837. ISSN   0028-0836. PMC   3494089 . PMID   20237475.
  5. United Kennel Club (US) breed information Archived 2011-01-03 at the Wayback Machine