Siege of Bursa

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Siege of Bursa
Part of the Byzantine-Ottoman wars
Bursa Kalesi 1.jpg
Gate of Bursa castle
Date1317 – April 6, 1326 [1]
Location
Bursa, Turkey
Result

Ottoman victory

  • The Ottomans Capture Bursa and establish its first Capital.
  • Bursa becomes the first Official Capital of the Ottoman Beylik
Belligerents
Ottoman Beylik Byzantine Empire
Commanders and leaders
Osman I   #
Orhan I
Köse Mihal 		Saroz
Strength
Unknown Unknown

The siege of Bursa occurred from 1317 until the capture on 6 April 1326, [1] when the Ottomans deployed a bold plan to seize Prusa (modern-day Bursa, Turkey). The Ottomans had not captured a city before; the lack of expertise and adequate siege equipment at this stage of the war meant that the city fell only after six or nine years. [2]

Contents

The historian, Laonikos Chalkokondyles, notes that the Ottomans took advantage of the Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 to capture the city: "Andronikos decided that he should hold the throne himself, as his grandfather had already grown old, and so they fell out with each other. He was too stubborn to submit and caused endless trouble. He brought in the Serbs and allied himself with the leading Greeks in his struggle for the throne. As a result they could do nothing to prevent the Turks from crossing over into Europe. It was at this time that Prusa was besieged, starved out, and taken by Osman, and other cities in Asia were captured." [3]

According to some sources Osman I died of natural causes just before the fall of the city, [2] while others suggest that he lived long enough to hear about the victory on his death-bed [1] [4] [5] and was buried in Bursa afterwards.

Aftermath

After the fall of the city, his son and successor Orhan made Bursa the first official Ottoman capital and it remained so until 1366, when Edirne became the new capital. [2] As a result, Bursa holds a special place in Ottoman history as their founding city, and also as the birthplace of Ottoman architecture (Bursa Grand Mosque (1399), Bayezid I Mosque (1395), Hüdavendigar Mosque (1385), and Yeşil Mosque) (1421). [6] During his reign Orhan encouraged urban growth through the construction of buildings such as imarets, Turkish baths, mosques, inns and caravanserais, [7] and he also built a mosque and a medrese in what is now known as the Hisar district, [8] and after his death was buried there in his türbe (mausoleum) next to his father. [6] The Moroccan Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta who visited Bursa in 1331 was impressed by the sultan and found Bursa an enjoyable city [6] "with fine bazaars and wide streets, surrounded on all sides by gardens and running springs." [9]

Importance

Paul K. Davis writes, "The capture of Bursa established Osman I (Othman) and his successors as the major power in Asia Minor, beginning the Ottoman Empire." [10]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Rogers, Clifford (2010). The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 261. ISBN   9780195334036.
  2. 1 2 3 Nolan, Cathal J. (2006). The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 100–101. ISBN   9780313337338.
  3. ↑ Kaldellis, Anthony. (2014). The Histories, volume 1, p.25. Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN   978-0-674-59918-5.
  4. ↑ Hore, A. H. (2003). Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Greek Church. Gorgias Press LLC. p. 455. ISBN   9781593330514.
  5. ↑ Pitcher, Donald Edgar (1972). An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Brill Archive. p. 37.
  6. 1 2 3 Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 101. ISBN   9781576079195.
  7. ↑ Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 105. ISBN   9781438110257.
  8. ↑ Levine, Lynn A. (2010). Frommer's Istanbul (2 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 238. ISBN   9780470915790.
  9. ↑ Finkel, Caroline (2007). Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books. p. 13. ISBN   9780465008506.
  10. ↑ Paul K. Davis, 100 Decisive Battles from Ancient Times to the Present: The World’s Major Battles and How They Shaped History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 151.

40°11′00″N29°04′00″E / 40.1833°N 29.0667°E / 40.1833; 29.0667

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