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| History of computing |
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| Timeline of computing |
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This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing from 2000 to 2009. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing.
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| November [1] | The Ericsson R380, the first phone running Symbian OS was released. |
| January 14 | The US Government announces that restrictions on exporting cryptography are being relaxed (although not removed). This allows many US companies to stop the long running process of having to create US and international copies of their software. |
| January 19 | Transmeta releases the Crusoe microprocessor. The Crusoe was intended for laptops and consumed significantly less electricity than most microprocessors of the time, while providing comparable performance to the mid-range Pentium II microprocessors. Transmeta and Crusoe, new competitors to Intel and their products, initially appeared exciting and promising. |
| February 17 | Microsoft releases Windows 2000. |
| March | Be Inc. released BeOS R5 for PowerPC and x86, which was the first release of BeOS for x86 to have a freely downloadable version which could be fully installed on a user's hard drive. |
| March 4 | Sony releases the PlayStation 2. |
| March 6 | AMD released an Athlon clocked at 1 GHz. |
| March 8 | Intel releases very limited supplies of the 1 GHz Pentium III chip. |
| June 20 | British Telecom (BT) claim the rights to hyperlinks on the basis of a US patent granted in 1989. Similar patents in the rest of the world have now expired. |
| September 6 | RSA Security released their RSA algorithm into the public domain, in advance of the US patent (#4,405,829) expiring on September 20 of the same year. Following the relaxation of the US government restrictions earlier in the year (January 14) this removed one of the last barriers to the worldwide distribution of much software based on cryptographic systems. The IDEA algorithm is still under patent; government restrictions still apply in some places. |
| September 14 | Microsoft releases Windows ME. |
| November 20 | Intel releases the Pentium 4. The processor is built using the NetBurst microarchitecture, a new design since the introduction of the P6 microarchitecture used in the Pentium Pro in late 1995. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| January 4 | Linux kernel version 2.4.0 released. |
| February 1 | Foundation of the newco Loquendo as a spin-off of the CSELT's voice technology group. |
| February | The Agile Manifesto, which crystallised and named a growing trend towards more "agile" processes in software development, was released. The perceived success of agile project management led to agile approaches such as Scrum later being used as a general project management approach in other fields, not just in software development or even in computing. |
| March 24 | Apple released macOS (as Mac OS X). This was a new operating system derived from NeXTSTEP, using Darwin as its kernel, an Open Source operating system based on BSD. This replaced the "classic" Mac OS for its Mac computers. Mac OS X finally gave Mac users the stability benefits of a protected memory architecture along many other enhancements, such as pre-emptive multitasking. The BSD base also makes porting Unix applications to Mac OS X easier and gives Mac users a full-featured command line interface alongside their GUI. |
| September 14 | Nintendo releases their sixth generation home console, the GameCube. |
| October 25 | Microsoft released Windows XP, based on Windows 2000 and Windows NT kernel. Windows XP introduces a heavily redesigned GUI and brings the NT kernel to the consumer market. |
| November 15 | Microsoft releases the Xbox in North America. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| March 4 | RIM (now BlackBerry Ltd) released the first BlackBerry smartphone. |
| May 30 | United Linux officially formed. |
| September 7 | Blender, a 3D graphics software package, becomes open-source software after a crowdfunding campaign successfully raises €100,000. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| February | Nvidia releases GeForce FX, a family of DirectX 9.0-compatible 3D cards with extensive support for pixel and vertex shaders. With this new product Nvidia makes an emphasis on image quality, proclaiming a "dawn of cinematic computing", illustrated with the popular Dawn demo utilising extremely realistic skin and wing shaders. |
| March 6 | SCO Group announces it would sue IBM for US$1 billion. The claim is that Linux contains code inserted by IBM that was the copyrighted property of SCO (see SCO v. IBM ). |
| March 12 | Intel releases the Pentium M for notebooks and the Centrino mobile platform. The Pentium M delivers similar or higher performance than the Pentium 4-M while consuming less power. |
| April 22 | AMD releases the Opteron line of server processors. The Opteron is the successor of the Athlon MP, and introduces the 64-bit K8 microarchitecture. |
| September 23 | AMD releases the Athlon 64. The Athlon 64 is built on the K8 microarchitecture and is the first 64-bit processor widely available to the consumer market. |
| December 17 | Linux kernel version 2.6.0 is released. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| ? | Sony released Librié EBR-1000EP in Japan, the first e-book reader with an electronic paper display. |
| April 1 | Google announces Gmail. |
| April 14 | Nvidia releases GeForce 6800, claiming it is the biggest leap in graphics technology the company ever made. Independent reviews show more than 100% increase in productivity compared with the fastest card on the market. Continuing the tradition, the company demonstrated Nalu, a mermaid with extremely realistic hair. A few weeks later, rival ATI announces the X800 series with nearly the same level of performance and feature support. The card is showcased by the Ruby demo, delivering a smooth real-time rendering of what was previously in the exclusive realm of prerendered cinematics. [2] |
| October 20 | The first release of the Ubuntu Linux distribution. |
| October 20 | Infineon Technologies pleads guilty to charges of DRAM price fixing, resulting in a $160 million fine. Hynix Semiconductor, Samsung and Elpida would later plead guilty to the same. |
| November 9 | Firefox 1.0 released, which later became Microsoft Internet Explorer's biggest competitor since Netscape Navigator. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| February 26 | Jef Raskin, who in 1979 envisioned and established the Macintosh project at Apple Computer, dies at the age of 61. |
| April 29 | Apple Computer releases Mac OS X Tiger (v10.4) for PowerPC-based Macs. |
| May 25 | Nokia announces the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet, the first device running Maemo. |
| May 26 | Intel releases the Pentium D, their first dual-core 64-bit desktop processor. |
| May 31 | AMD releases the Athlon 64 X2, their first dual-core 64-bit desktop processor. |
| June 6 | Apple announces they are going to use Intel processors in upcoming Macintosh computers. [3] |
| July 22 | Microsoft announces their next consumer operating system, Windows Vista (previously "Longhorn"), to be released in early 2007. |
| November 22 | Microsoft releases the Xbox 360. [4] |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| January 5 | Intel releases the Core brand. These are mobile 32-bit single-core and dual-core processors that were built using a modified design of the Pentium M's microarchitecture. |
| January 10 | Apple Computer introduces the MacBook Pro, their first Intel-based, dual-core mobile computer, as well as an Intel-based iMac. |
| June 19 | Researchers create experimental processor that operates at higher than 500 GHz when cryogenically frozen. [5] [6] |
| July 27 | Intel releases the Core 2 processor. |
| September 26 | Intel announces plans for an 80-core processor that would exceed 1 TFLOP, planned to be available in 2011. [7] |
| November 11 | Sony releases the PlayStation 3. |
| November 19 | Nintendo releases the Wii. |
| December 24 | AmigaOS 4 was released by Hyperion Entertainment (VOF) under license from Amiga, Inc. for AmigaOne registered users. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| January 7 | The first iPhone was introduced by Apple. |
| January 30 | Microsoft Corporation launches Windows Vista more than 5 years after their last major, new operating system, Windows XP, was released. |
| June 5 | Asus announces the first Asus Eee PC, launching the netbook category of mobile computers. [8] It initially ran Linux; later models also offered a choice of Windows. |
| October 26 | Apple launches Mac OS X Leopard (v10.5) |
| November 19 | AMD releases the Phenom line of high performance processors, positioning the Athlon as a mid-range line. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| September 2 | The first public beta version of the Google Chrome web browser was released. Chrome subsequently became the most popular web browser in the world, overtaking Internet Explorer. |
| September 23 | The first version of Android was introduced by Google. [9] |
| October 22 | The HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1), the first commercially available device to run the Android operating system, was released. |
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| January 3 | The online currency Bitcoin is released. [10] |
| August 28 | Apple launches MacOS X Snow Leopard (v10.6) |
| September 1 | Sony releases the PS3 Slim. |
| October 22 | Microsoft releases Windows 7. |
| May | Facebook overtakes MySpace in America. |
Nvidia Corporation is an American multinational technology company incorporated in Delaware and based in Santa Clara, California. It is a software and fabless company which designs graphics processing units (GPUs), application programming interface (APIs) for data science and high-performance computing as well as system on a chip units (SoCs) for the mobile computing and automotive market. Nvidia is a dominant supplier of artificial intelligence hardware and software. Its professional line of GPUs are used in workstations for applications in such fields as architecture, engineering and construction, media and entertainment, automotive, scientific research, and manufacturing design.
In computing, floating point operations per second is a measure of computer performance, useful in fields of scientific computations that require floating-point calculations. For such cases, it is a more accurate measure than measuring instructions per second.
The MacBook Pro is a line of Mac laptops made by Apple Inc. Introduced in January 2006, it is the higher-end lineup in the MacBook family, sitting above the consumer-focused MacBook Air. It is currently sold with 13-inch, 14-inch, and 16-inch screens, all using Apple silicon M-series chips.
The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device. It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity. The rate at which MOS transistor counts have increased generally follows Moore's law, which observed that the transistor count doubles approximately every two years. However, being directly proportional to the area of a chip, transistor count does not represent how advanced the corresponding manufacturing technology is: a better indication of this is the transistor density.
Larrabee is the codename for a cancelled GPGPU chip that Intel was developing separately from its current line of integrated graphics accelerators. It is named after either Mount Larrabee or Larrabee State Park in Whatcom County, Washington, near the town of Bellingham. The chip was to be released in 2010 as the core of a consumer 3D graphics card, but these plans were cancelled due to delays and disappointing early performance figures. The project to produce a GPU retail product directly from the Larrabee research project was terminated in May 2010 and its technology was passed on to the Xeon Phi. The Intel MIC multiprocessor architecture announced in 2010 inherited many design elements from the Larrabee project, but does not function as a graphics processing unit; the product is intended as a co-processor for high performance computing.
A nettop is a small-sized, inexpensive, low-power, legacy-free desktop computer designed for basic tasks such as web browsing, accessing web-based applications, document processing, and audio/video playback.
Arm is a British semiconductor and software design company based in Cambridge, England. Its primary business is in the design of ARM processors (CPUs). It also designs other chips, provides software development tools under the DS-5, RealView and Keil brands, and provides systems and platforms, system-on-a-chip (SoC) infrastructure and software. As a "holding" company, it also holds shares of other companies. Since 2016, it has been owned by Japanese conglomerate SoftBank Group.
This list compares various amounts of computing power in instructions per second organized by order of magnitude in FLOPS.
Xeon Phi was a series of x86 manycore processors designed and made by Intel. It was intended for use in supercomputers, servers, and high-end workstations. Its architecture allowed use of standard programming languages and application programming interfaces (APIs) such as OpenMP.
Atom is a system on a chip (SoC) platform designed for smartphones and tablet computers, launched by Intel in 2012. It is a continuation of the partnership announced by Intel and Google on September 13, 2011 to provide support for the Android operating system on Intel x86 processors. This range competes with existing SoCs developed for the smartphone and tablet market from companies such as Texas Instruments, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung. Unlike these companies, which use ARM-based CPUs designed from the beginning to consume very low power, Intel has adapted the x86-based Intel Atom line of CPU developed for low power usage in netbooks, to even lower power usage.
This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing from 2010 to 2019. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing.
Metal is a low-level, low-overhead hardware-accelerated 3D graphic and compute shader API created by Apple, debuting in iOS 8. Metal combines functions similar to OpenGL and OpenCL in one API. It is intended to improve performance by offering low-level access to the GPU hardware for apps on iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and tvOS. It can be compared to low-level APIs on other platforms such as Vulkan and DirectX 12.
This is a timeline of Intel, one of the world's largest semiconductor chip makers.
An AI accelerator is a class of specialized hardware accelerator or computer system designed to accelerate artificial intelligence and machine learning applications, including artificial neural networks and machine vision. Typical applications include algorithms for robotics, Internet of Things, and other data-intensive or sensor-driven tasks. They are often manycore designs and generally focus on low-precision arithmetic, novel dataflow architectures or in-memory computing capability. As of 2018, a typical AI integrated circuit chip contains billions of MOSFET transistors. A number of vendor-specific terms exist for devices in this category, and it is an emerging technology without a dominant design.
Nvidia DGX is a line of Nvidia-produced servers and workstations which specialize in using GPGPU to accelerate deep learning applications. The typical design of a DGX system is based upon a rackmount chassis with motherboard that carries high performance x86 server CPUs. The main component of a DGX system is a set of 4 to 16 Nvidia Tesla GPU modules on an independent system board. DGX systems have large heatsinks and powerful fans to adequately cool thousands of watts of thermal output. The GPU modules are typically integrated into the system using a version of the SXM socket.
AMD Instinct is AMD's brand of professional GPUs. It replaced AMD's FirePro S brand in 2016. Compared to the Radeon brand of mainstream consumer/gamer products, the Instinct product line is intended to accelerate deep learning, artificial neural network, and high-performance computing/GPGPU applications.
Raja M. Koduri is an Indian-American computer engineer and executive for computer graphics hardware. He was the chief architect and Executive Vice President of Intel's architecture, graphics and software (IAGS) division until April 2023. Before Intel, he worked as the senior vice president and chief architect of the Radeon Technologies Group, the graphics division at Intel's competitor AMD.
Intel Xe, earlier known unofficially as Gen12, is a GPU architecture developed by Intel.
Ampere Computing LLC is an American fabless semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California that develops cloud native server microprocessors (CNPs). Ampere also has offices in: Portland, Oregon; Taipei, Taiwan; Raleigh, North Carolina; Bangalore, India; and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
