| Treponema primitia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Spirochaetota |
| Class: | Spirochaetia |
| Order: | Spirochaetales |
| Family: | Treponemataceae |
| Genus: | Treponema |
| Species: | T. primitia |
| Binomial name | |
| Treponema primitia Graber et al. 2004 | |
Treponema primitia is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with Treponema azotonutricium . [1]
An acetogen is a microorganism that generates acetate (CH3COO−) as an end product of anaerobic respiration or fermentation. However, this term is usually employed in a narrower sense only to those bacteria and archaea that perform anaerobic respiration and carbon fixation simultaneously through the reductive acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway (also known as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway). These genuine acetogens are also known as "homoacetogens" and they can produce acetyl-CoA (and from that, in most cases, acetate as the end product) from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and four molecules of molecular hydrogen (H2). This process is known as acetogenesis, and is different from acetate fermentation, although both occur in the absence of molecular oxygen (O2) and produce acetate. Although previously thought that only bacteria are acetogens, some archaea can be considered to be acetogens.
Carbol fuchsin, carbol-fuchsin, carbolfuchsin, or Castellani's paint is a mixture of phenol and basic fuchsin that is used in bacterial staining procedures. It is commonly used in the staining of mycobacteria because it has an affinity for the mycolic acids found in their cell membranes.
Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition is that a bacterial phylum is a monophyletic lineage of bacteria whose 16S rRNA genes share a pairwise sequence identity of ~75% or less with those of the members of other bacterial phyla.
Bacillus atrophaeus is a species of black-pigmented bacteria. Its type strain is NRRL NRS-213. B. atrophaeus strains have been used extensively in biomedicine as indicator strains for heat- and chemical-based decontamination regimens. Most of the strains in use are derivatives of a lineage of B. atrophaeus that originated at Camp Detrick in the 1950s, where many modern biocontainment procedures were developed. B. atrophaeus has historically been known by several other names, including B. globigii and B. subtilis var. niger. Modern phylogenetic analyses using multiple genetic methods have placed B. atrophaeus close to B. subtilis. Its original and still most prominent use is as a surrogate organism for pathogenic B. anthracis, beginning in the U.S. bio-weapons program, as its pigmentation readily facilitated discrimination from non-pigmented background organisms in environmental samples. Subsequent genomic and phenotypic analysis of strains derived from the Camp Detrick isolates revealed that they had been deliberately selected for strains that exhibited elevated rates of sporulation.
Borrelia lusitaniae is a bacterium of the spirochete class of the genus Borrelia, which has a diderm (double-membrane) envelope. It is a part of the Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato genospecies and is a Gram-negative bacterium. B. lusitaniae is tick-borne; he type strain is PotiB2. It can be pathogenic, being involved in cases of Lyme borreliosis. A species of tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the host of B. lusitaniae. It is thought to have originated from Portugal and has since spread to parts of Europe and North Africa. Lizards of the family Lacertidae are now believed to be important reservoir hosts of this bacterium.
Vibrio coralliilyticus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It has a polar flagellum that is used for motility and has been shown to be critical for its virulence to corals. It is a versatile pathogen, impacting several marine invertebrates including Pocillopora damicornis corals, both the Pacific and Eastern Oyster's larvae and some vertebrates such as the rainbow trout. It is a bacterium of considerable interest given its direct contribution to temperature dependent coral bleaching as well as its impacts on aquaculture where it can contribute to significant mortalities in larval oyster hatcheries. There are several known virulent strains, which appear on both the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of the United States. After its initial discovery some strains were incorrectly classified as Vibrio tubiashii including the RE22 and RE98 strains but were later reclassified as Vibrio coralliilyticus.
Leptospirillum ferriphilum is an iron-oxidising bacterium. It is one of the species responsible for the generation of acid mine drainage. It is of particular relevance in South African commercial biooxidation tanks operating at 40 °C.
Salinispora arenicola is an obligate marine actinomycete bacterium species. It produces salinosporamide, a potential anti-cancer agent.
Salinispora tropica is an obligate marine actinomycete bacterium species. It produces salinosporamide A and salinosporamide B, potential anti-cancer agents, as well as the polycyclic macrolides sporolide A and B.
Bradyrhizobium canariense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium. It is acid-tolerant and nodulates endemic genistoid legumes from the Canary Islands. The type strain is BTA-1T.
Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium, associated with Lespedeza and Vigna species. Its type strain is CCBAU 10071(T).
Bradyrhizobium iriomotense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium, first isolated from Entada koshunensis. The type strain is EK05T.
Pelobacter carbinolicus is a species of bacteria that ferments 2,3-butanediol and acetoin. It is Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming. Gra Bd 1 is the type strain. Its genome has been sequenced.
Leuconostoc carnosum is a lactic acid bacterium; its type strain is NCFB 2776. Its genome has been sequenced. Its name derives from the fact that it was first isolated from chill-stored meats. Its significance is that it thrives in anaerobic environments with a temperature around 2 °C, thus has been known to spoil vacuum-packed meat, yet it is not pathogenic and certain strains of L. carnosum are known to produce bactericides known to inhibit or kill Listeria monocytogenes.
Bartonella capreoli is a pathogenic bacteria first isolated from European ruminants. It is small, fastidious, aerobic, oxidase-negative, gram-negative and rod-shaped. Its type strain is IBS 193T.
Treponema azotonutricium is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with Treponema primitia.
Chloroflexus aggregans is a thermophilic, filamentous, phototrophic bacterium that forms dense cell aggregates. Its type strain is strain MD-66.
Breznakibacter xylanolyticus is a freshwater gliding bacterium that degrades insoluble particulate xylans and dominates xylan fermentation, particularly in sulfur and methane-rich environments. It is the only species in the genus Breznakibacter. At the time of isolation it was classified in the order Cytophagales on the basis of phenotypic characteristics such as polymer degradation and gliding motility. It has since been reclassified to the order Bacteroidales due to 16s rRNA genome sequence analysis.
Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans is a yeast species purportedly useful in the detoxification of various mycotoxins. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. It has been shown to detoxify mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A and zearalenone. It can occasionally become a human pathogen.
Alison Buchan is the Carolyn Fite Professor at the University of Tennessee. She is known for her work on bacteria in natural environments, especially bacteria within the Roseobacter group. In 2022 she was named as a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.
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