Welsh exonyms

Last updated

The modern Welsh language contains names for many towns and other geographical features in Great Britain and elsewhere. Names for places outside of Welsh-speaking regions are exonyms, not including spelling or pronunciation adaptations and translations of common nouns.

Contents

Names not in italics[ clarification needed ] are dated or obsolete.

Argentina

Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina Yr Ariannin
English nameWelsh nameSpanish nameNotes
Arroyo PescadoNant y PysgodArroyo Pescado
Cajón de GinebraBocs GinCajón de Ginebra
Cerro Cóndor Craig yr EryrCerro Cóndor
Cerro Trono de las NubesGorsedd y CwmwlCerro Trono de las Nubes
Chico River Afon FachRio Chico
Chubut River Afon CamwyRio Chubut
Colonia 16 de Octubre Cwm Hyfryd, Bro HydrefColonia 16 de Octubre
Desvío km 22Tŵr JosephDesvío km 22
Dolavon Dol AfonDolavon
Estación Laguna GrandeLlyn MawrEstación Laguna Grande
Florentino Ameghino Dam Yr ArgaeDique Florentino Ameghino
Fuerte AventuraCaer AnturFuerte Aventura
Laguna de AaronLlyn AaronLaguna de Aaron
Laguna de AgniaLlyn AniaLaguna de Agnia
La Angostura Lle CulLa Angostura
Las Plumas Dôl y PluLas Plumas
Loma Blanca Bryn GwynLoma Blanca
Paso de Indios Rhyd yr IndiaidPaso de Indios
Pampa de AgniaPant y FfwdanPampa de Agnia
Puerto Madryn Porth MadrynPuerto Madryn
Rawson TrerawsonRawson
Río CorrintosAber GyrantsRío Corrintos
Tecka Hafn LâsTecka
Trelew Tre Lew(is)Trelew
Trevelin Tre FelinTrevelin
Valle de los Mártires Dyffryn y MerthyronValle de los Mártires
Valle FríoDyffryn OerValle Frío
Valle 16 de octubreCwm Hyfryd/Bro HydrefValle 16 de octubre
Veintiocho de Julio Tir HalenVeintiocho de Julio

Australia

Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Awstralia
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
Flag of the Australian Capital Territory.svg  Australian Capital Territory Tiriogaeth Prifddinas AwstraliaAustralian Capital Territory
Kangaroo Island Ynys CangarŵKangaroo Island
Karta Pintingga
Flag of New South Wales.svg  New South Wales De Cymru NewyddNew South Wales
Flag of the Northern Territory.svg  Northern Territory Tiriogaeth y GogleddNorthern Territory
Flag of South Australia.svg  South Australia De AwstraliaSouth Australia
Flag of Western Australia.svg  Western Australia Gorllewin AwstraliaWestern Australia

Belgium

Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Gwlad Belg
English nameWelsh nameEndonymsNotes
NameLanguage
Brussels BrwselBruxelles
Brussel
French
Dutch
Flag of Flanders.svg  Flanders FflandrysVlaanderen
Flandres
Dutch
French

Canada

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
English nameWelsh nameEndonymsNotes
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia Columbia BrydeinigBritish Columbia
Columbie Britannique
Newfoundland Tir NewyddNewfoundland
Terre-Neuve
Ktaqmkuk
[1]
Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg  Newfoundland and Labrador Tir Newydd a LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador
Terre-Neuve et Labrador
Flag of Nova Scotia.svg  Nova Scotia Yr Alban NewyddNova Scotia
Nouvelle-Écosse
Alba Nuadh
Nopa Sko'sia

Czech Republic

Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Y Weriniaeth Tsiec
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
Moravia MorafiaMorava
Prague PragPraha

France

Flag of France.svg  France Ffrainc
English nameWelsh nameEndonymsNotes
NameLanguage
Alps Alpau, Mynydd MynnauAlpesFrench [1]
Flag of Alsace.svg  Alsace AlsásAlsaceFrench [1]
Flag of Anjou.svg  Anjou Angyw, AensioAnjouFrench [1]
Flag of Aquitaine.svg  Aquitaine AcwitaniaAquitaineFrench [1]
Flag of Auvergne.svg  Auvergne AfarnAuvergneFrench [1]
Flag of Brittany (Gwenn ha du).svg  Brittany LlydawBreizhBreton [1]
BretagneFrench
BertaèynGallo
Flag of Bourgogne.svg  Burgundy BwrgwynBourgogneFrench [1]
Champagne-Ardenne flag.svg  Champagne SiampaenChampagneFrench [1]
Flag of Gascogne.svg  Gascony GasgwynGascogneFrench [1]
GasconhaGascon
GaskoiniaBasque
Flag of Hainaut.svg  Hainaut HanawtHainautFrench [1]
Maine MaenMaineFrench [1]
Flag of Normandie.svg  Normandy Normandi, NorddmandiNormandieFrench [1]
NormaundieNorman
Picardie flag.svg  Picardy PicardiPicardieFrench, Picard [1]
Flag of Provence.svg  Provence ProfensProvenceFrench [1]
Flag of Savoie.svg  Savoy SafwySavoieFrench [1]
Strasbourg StrasbwrgStrasbourgFrench
StraßburgGerman

Germany

Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Yr Almaen
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg  Bavaria BafariaBayernBavarian, German
Cologne CwlenKölleColognian
KölnGerman
Hamburg HambwrgHamburg

Greece

Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Gwlad Groeg
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
Aegean Sea Môr Aegeaidd, Môr EgeaiddAigaio pelagos (Αιγαίοπέλαγος)
Athens AthenAthína (Αθήνα)
Cephalonia CeffaloniaKefaloniá (Κεφαλονιά)
Crete CretaKríti (Κρήτη)
Dodecanese Y Deuddeng YnysDodekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)
Rhodes RhodosRódos (Ρόδος)
Thessaloniki ThessaloníciThessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)

Israel/Palestine

Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
Galilee GalileaHaGalil (הגליל)Hebrew
Jerusalem Jeriwsalem, CaersalemYerushalayim (ירושלים) / al-Quds (القُدس)Hebrew/Arabic

Ireland

Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland Iwerddon
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
Cork CorcCorcaigh
Dublin DulynBaile Átha CliathWelsh name derives from the older Irish name Duibhlinn.
Derry Dinas y DeriDoire
Ulster Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, WlethUlaidh
Wexford Llwch GarmonLoch Garman

Italy

Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Yr Eidal
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
Flag of Florence.svg  Florence FflorensFirenzeItalian [1]
Flag of Rome.svg  Rome RhufainRomaItalian [1]
Flag of Sicily (revised).svg  Sicily SisiliSiciliaItalian, Sicilian [1]
Flag of Tuscany.svg  Tuscany Twsgani, TysganiToscanaItalian [1]
Flag of the Republic of Venice.svg  Venice FenisVenesiaVenetian [1]
VeneziaItalian
Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg  Vatican City Dinas y FaticanCivitatis VaticanaeLatin [1]
Città del VaticanoItalian

Japan

Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Siapan
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
Tokyo Tocio東京 (Tōkyō)

South Africa

Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa De Affrica
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
Cape Town Tref y PenrhynKaapstad, iKapaAfrikaans, Xhosa
Cape of Good Hope Penrhyn Gobaith DaKaap die Goeie HoopAfrikaans

Spain

Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Sbaen
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg  Balearic Islands Ynysoedd BalearaiddIlles Balears, Islas BalearesCatalan, Spanish
Flag of the Basque Country.svg  Basque Country Gwlad y BasgEuskal Herria, País VascoBasque, Spanish
Flag of the Canary Islands.svg  Canary Islands Yr Ynysoedd Dedwydd, Ynysoedd y CŵnIslas CanariasSpanish
Flag of Catalonia.svg  Catalonia CatalwniaCatalunya, CataluñaCatalan, Spanish
Flag of Galicia.svg  Galicia GalisiaGalicia
Galiza
Galician/Portuguese
Portuguese
Flag of the Valencian Community (2x3).svg  Valencian Community Cymuned FalensiaValencia, ValènciaSpanish, Catalan

Turkey

Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Twrci
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
Constantinople Caergystenninقسطنطينيه (Ḳosṭanṭīnīye)
Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoupolis)
Constantinopolis
Istanbul Istanbwlİstanbul

United Kingdom (excluding Wales) and Crown dependencies

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Y Deyrnas Unedig
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
Archenfield ErgyngArchenfieldEnglish
Ballingham LlanbugnalBallinghamEnglish
Bath CaerfaddonBathEnglish
Belfast BelffastBelfastEnglish
Béal FeirsteIrish
Birkenhead PenbedwBirkenheadEnglish
Bishop's Castle TrefesgobBishop's CastleEnglish
Bridstow LlansanffraidBridstowEnglish
Bristol Bryste; CaerodorBristolEnglish
Cambridge CaergrawntCambridgeEnglish
Cambridgeshire Swydd GaergrawntCambridgeshireEnglish
Canterbury CaergaintCanterburyEnglish
Carlisle CaerliwelyddCarlisleEnglish
Catterick CatraethCatterickEnglish
Channel Islands Ynysoedd y SianelÎles NormandesFrench
Cheltenham Treffynnon [ citation needed ]CheltenhamEnglish
Cheshire Swydd GaerCheshireEnglish
Chester Caer(llion Fawr)ChesterEnglish
Chichester Caerfuddai [2] ChichesterEnglish
Chirbury LlanffynhonwenChirburyEnglish
Clyde CludCluaidhScottish Gaelic
ClydeEnglish, Scots
Colchester CaercolynColchesterEnglish
Cornwall CernywKernowCornish
Coventry Cofentri, CwyntryCoventryEnglish
Crewe Cryw, CriwCreweEnglish
Devon DyfnaintDevonEnglish
Doncaster Dinas y Garrai; CaerdaunDoncasterEnglish
Dover Dofr [3] DoverEnglish
Dumfries CaerferesDumfriesEnglish
Dùn PhrisScottish Gaelic
Durham Dyrham; CaerweirDurhamEnglish
East Midlands Dwyrain Canolbarth LloegrEast MidlandsEnglish
Edinburgh Caeredin; Dinas EidynDùn ÈideannScottish Gaelic
EdinburghEnglish, Scots
England LloegrEnglandEnglish
English Channel Môr UddEnglish ChannelEnglish
La MancheFrench
Mor BretannekCornish
Exeter CaerwysgExeterEnglish
Falmouth AberfalAberfalaCornish
Firth of Forth Moryd Gweryd, Aber GwerydLinne FoirtheScottish Gaelic
Foy LlantiuoiFoyEnglish
Forth river Afon Gweryd [4] Abhainn Dubh, Uisge ForScottish Gaelic
Glastonbury Ynys Gwydrin, Ynys WydrinGlastonburyEnglish
Gloucester CaerloywGloucesterEnglish
Gloucestershire Swydd GaerloywGloucestershireEnglish
Guernsey Ynys y GarnGuernèsiGuernésiais
Hebrides Ynysoedd HeleddInnse GallScottish Gaelic
Hentland HenllandHentlandEnglish
Hereford HenfforddHerefordEnglish
Herefordshire Swydd HenfforddHerefordshireEnglish
Humber HwmbrHumberEnglish
Isle of Man Ynys ManawEllan VanninManx
Isle of Skye Yr Ynys HirEilean SgitheanachScottish Gaelic
Isle of Wight Ynys WythIsle of WightEnglish
Kenderchurch LlancrugKenderchurchEnglish
Kent CaintKentEnglish
Kentchurch LlanceinKentchurchEnglish
Kilpeck Llanddewi Cil PeddegKilpeckEnglish
Kington CeintunKingtonEnglish
Lancashire Swydd GaerhirfrynLancashireEnglish
Lancaster CaerhirfrynLancasterEnglish
Leicester CaerlŷrLeicesterEnglish
Leicestershire Swydd GaerlŷrLeicestershireEnglish
Leominster LlanllieniLeominsterEnglish
Lichfield CaerlwytgoedLichfieldEnglish
Lincoln Caerllyn, LlyncwlenLincolnEnglish
Liverpool Lerpwl, LlynlleifiadLiverpoolEnglish
Loch Lomond Llyn LlumonwyLoch LaomainnScottish Gaelic
London Llundain, CaerluddLondonEnglish
Long Mynd Cefn HirfynyddLong MyndEnglish
Ludlow LlwydloLudlowEnglish
Lundy Ynys WairLundyEnglish
Manchester ManceinionManchesterEnglish
Greater Manchester Manceinion FwyafManchesterEnglish
Marstow LlanmartinMarstowEnglish
Mersey MerswyMerseyEnglish
Merseyside Glannau MerswyMerseysideEnglish
MichaelchurchLlanmihangelMichaelchurchEnglish
Much Dewchurch LlandewiMuch DewchurchEnglish
Much Wenlock GweunllwgMuch WenlockEnglish
Nantwich Yr Heledd WenNantwichEnglish
Northwich Yr Heledd DduNorthwichEnglish
Nottingham Y Tŷ OgofogNottinghamEnglish
Orkney Ynysoedd ErchArcaibhScottish Gaelic
Oswestry CroesoswalltOswestryEnglish
Oxford RhydychenOxfordEnglish
Oxfordshire Swydd RydychenOxfordshireEnglish
Pennines PenwynionPenninesEnglish
Penrith PenrhuddPenrithEnglish
Peterborough TrebedrPeterboroughEnglish
Plymouth AberplymPlymouthEnglish
Portsmouth LlongborthPortsmouthEnglish
Preston TrefoffeiriaidPrestonEnglish
Ross-on-Wye Rhosan-ar-WyRoss-on-WyeEnglish
St Weonards LlansangwenarddSt WeonardsEnglish
Salisbury Caersallog; Caercaradog, CaergradwgSalisburyEnglish
Sark SarcCerq, SèrFrench
Scotland Yr AlbanAlbaScottish Gaelic
ScotlandEnglish, Scots
Sellack LlansulacSellackEnglish
Somerset Gwlad-yr-hafSomersetEnglish
Shrewsbury AmwythigShrewsburyEnglish
Shropshire Swydd AmwythigShropshireEnglish
St Albans CaermincipSt AlbansEnglish
The Stiperstones Carneddau TeonThe StiperstonesEnglish
Stonehenge Côr y CewriStonehengeEnglish
Strathclyde Ystrad CludSrath ChluaidhScottish Gaelic
Thames TafwysThamesEnglish
Trent TrannonTrentEnglish
Ulster Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, WlethUlaidhIrish
Welsh Bicknor Llangystennin Garth BrenniWelsh BicknorEnglish
West Midlands Gorllewin Canolbarth LloegrWest MidlandsEnglish
Westminster San SteffanWestminsterEnglish
Whitchurch Yr Eglwys WenWhitchurchEnglish
Winchester Caerwynt, CaerguintWinchesterEnglish
Wirral CilgwriWirralEnglish
Worcester CaerwrangonWorcesterEnglish
Worcestershire Swydd GaerwrangonWorcestershireEnglish
The Wrekin Din GwrygonThe WrekinEnglish
Wroxeter CaerwrygionWroxeterEnglish
York Efrog, CaerefrogYorkEnglish
Yorkshire Swydd EfrogYorkshireEnglish

United States

Flag of the United States.svg  United States Unol Daleithiau
English nameWelsh nameEndonymNotes
California Califfornia [5] California
New Mexico Mecsico NewyddNew Mexico
Nueva México
New York City Dinas Efrog NewyddNew York City
Pennsylvania PensylfaniaPennsylvania
Texas TecsasTexas
Tejas

Sources

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Celtic languages</span> Language family

The Celtic languages are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic. They form a branch of the Indo-European language family. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, following Paul-Yves Pezron, who made the explicit link between the Celts described by classical writers and the Welsh and Breton languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snowdonia</span> Mountainous region and national park in north Wales

Snowdonia, or Eryri, is a mountainous region and national park in North Wales. It contains all 15 mountains in Wales over 3000 feet high, including the country's highest, Snowdon, which is 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) tall. These peaks are all part of the Snowdon, Glyderau, and Carneddau ranges in the north of the region. The shorter Moelwynion and Moel Hebog ranges lie immediately to the south.

Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms, including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Endonym and exonym</span> Name variations of ethnic groups, languages, persons, and places

An endonym is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their homeland, or their language.

An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place, or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage. Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ovambo language</span> Bantu language

The Ovambo language is a dialect cluster spoken by the Ovambo people in southern Angola and northern Namibia, of which the written standards are Kwanyama and Ndonga.

The various names used since classical times for the people known today as the Celts are of disparate origins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Welsh toponymy</span> Place names of Wales

The place-names of Wales derive in most cases from the Welsh language, but have also been influenced by linguistic contact with the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Anglo-Normans and modern English. Toponymy in Wales reveals significant features of the country's history and geography, as well as the development of the Welsh language. Its study is promoted by the Welsh Place-Name Society.

The morphology of the Welsh language shows many characteristics perhaps unfamiliar to speakers of English or continental European languages like French or German, but has much in common with the other modern Insular Celtic languages: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Cornish, and Breton. Welsh is a moderately inflected language. Verbs conjugate for person, tense and mood with affirmative, interrogative and negative conjugations of some verbs. A majority of prepositions inflect for person and number. There are few case inflections in Literary Welsh, being confined to certain pronouns.

Common Brittonic, also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.

This article describes the etymology of Wales, a country of the United Kingdom.

This is a list of exonyms in the Cornish language.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Griffiths, Bruce; Jones, Dafydd Glyn (2003). Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary .
  2. "Irac: AS yn galw am ymchwiliad". 27 June 2003. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  3. Geiriadur yr Academi, p. 419.
  4. Crawford, O. G. S. (2011). Topography of Roman Scotland: North of the Antonine Wall. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. ISBN   978-1107684737 . Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  5. "BBC Radio Cymru - Byd Iolo, Califfornia".