Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe

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Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe are haplogroups of the male Y-chromosome found in European populations.

Contents

Frequencies in European ethnic groups

The table below shows the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic and other notable groups from Europe. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns give the percentage for each particular haplogroup (ethnic groups from the North Caucasus, although technically located in Europe, are considered in their own article where they are placed alongside populations of the South Caucasus for the purpose of conserving space).

Note: The converted frequency of Haplogroup 2, including modern haplogroups I, G and sometimes J from some old studies conducted before 2004 may lead to unsubstantial[ clarification needed ] frequencies below.

PopulationLanguage [1] n R1b R1a I   E1b1b J G N T OthersReference
Albanians IE (Albanian)5117.6%9.8%19.6%21.57%23.53%2.0%0.00.0Semino2000 [2]
Albanians (Pristina)IE (Albanian)11421.10%4.42%7.96%47.40%16.7%0%0%0%1.77%Pericic2005 [3]
Albanians (Tirana)IE (Albanian)3013.3%13.3%16.7%23.3%20.0%3.3%Bosch2006 [4]
Albanians (Tirana)IE (Albanian)5518.2%9.1%21.8%25.4%23.5%1.8%0.00.0Battaglia2008 [5]
Albanians (North Macedonia)IE (Albanian)6418.8%1.6%17.2%39.1%22%1.6%0.00.0Battaglia2008 [5]
Albanians (Tirana and North Macedonia)IE (Albanian)11918.50%5.05%19.33%32.8%22.70%1.7%0.00.0Battaglia2008 [5]
Albanians IE (Albanian)22318.39%4.04%13%35.43%23.77%2.69%00.9%1.79%Sarno2015 [6]
Arkhangelsk (Russia)IE (Slavic), Uralic28017.9%50.0%3.6%00%28.6%00Mirabal2009 [7]
Andalusians IE (Italic)2965.52%0.00.00.06.9%L=3.4Semino2000 [2]
Andalusians IE (Italic)1033.9%Rootsi2004 [8]
Andalusians IE (Italic)769.2%1.1%Semino2004 [9]
Armenians IE (Armenian)41329.06%1.7%3.63%5.09%36.07%9.44%0.24%8.48%Q=0.24%
1/413		Herrara2012
Aromuns (Dukasi, Albania)IE (Italic)392.56%2.56%17.95%17.95%48.72%10.26%0.00.0Bosch2006 [4]
Aromuns (Andon Poci, Albania)IE (Italic)1936.84%0.042.11%15.79%5.26%0.00.00.0Bosch2006 [4]
Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia)IE (Italic)4327.91%11.63%20.93%20.93%11.63%6.98%0.00.0Bosch2006 [4]
Aromuns (Štip, Macedonia)IE (Italic)6523.08%21.54%16.92%18.46%20.00.00.00.0Bosch2006 [4]
Aromuns (Romania)IE (Italic)4223.81%2.38%19.05%7.14%33.33%0.0%Bosch2006 [4]
Aromuns Balkan)IE (Italic)208 [nb 1] 21.63%10.1%20.67%16.35%25%3.37%0.00.0Bosch2006 [4]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)7912.7%22.8%43.04%Nebel2001 [10]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)4424.119.738.01%9.7%0.2%Behar2004 [11]
Austrians IE (Germanic, West)1,01744%10.8%21.5%8.6%10.9%9% [12] [13] [14]
Bashkirs (Perm)Turkic4386.05%9.3%0.00.00.02.33%2.33%0.0Lobov [15]
Basque Basque (Basque)6788.060.07.46%2.2%1.0%0.00.00.0Semino2000 [2]
Basque Basque (Basque)10992.66%0.92%3.67%0.92%Adams2008 [16]
Bavarians IE (Germanic, West)8050.0%15.0%8.0%5.0%0.00.0Rosser2000 [17]
Belgians IE (Germanic/Italic)9263.04%4.0%2.0%Rosser2000 [17]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East)410.039.0%10.0%2.4%Rosser2000 [17]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East)14719.0%Rootsi2004 [8]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East)684.4%45.6%25.0%4.4%1.5%8.8%Kharkov2005 [18]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East)3064.2%51.0%4.6%3.3%9.5%Behar2003 [19]
Bearnais IE (Italic)267.7%3.8%Semino2004 [9]
Bearnais IE (Italic)433.7%Rootsi2004 [8]
Bosnians (Zenica)IE (Slavic, South)691.4%24.6%53.65% [nb 2] 10.14%0.04.35%Pericic2005 [3]
Bosniaks IE (Slavic, South)854%15%49%13%12%4%4%Marjanovcic2006
British IE (Germanic, West)3268.75%9.38%Helgason2000 [20]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South)12711.0%17.3%27.5%19.7%18.1%1.6%0.8%Karachanak2009 [21]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South)80810.7%17.5%26.6%22.1%13.9%4.8%0.5%1.6%C=0.5
H=0.6
L=0.2
Q=0.4
R2a=0.1		Karachanak2013 [22]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South)10014.0%16.0%34.0%21.0%9.0%2.0%1.0%2.0%H=1.0%Begoña Martinez-Cruz2012 [23]
Bulgarians (Pomaks)IE (Slavic, South)1723%-53%18%6%---Family Tree DNA -
Bulgarian DNA Project. [24]
Catalans IE (Italic)2479.2%0.0%4.2%4.2%4.2%8.0%Rootsi2004 [8]
Catalans IE (Italic)336.1%3.6%Semino2004 [9]
Cantabrians (Pasiegos)IE (Italic)5642.9%Cruciani2004 [25]
Chuvashes Turkic793.8%31.6%11.3%024.2%027.8%0Tambets2004 [26]
Croats (Bosnia)IE (Slavic, South)902.22%12.22%73.33%8.90%2.22%1.11%Battaglia2008 [5]
Croats (Osijek)IE (Slavic, South)2937.93%27.59%10.35%10.35%13.79%Battaglia2008 [5]
Croats (Bosnia), +(Osijek)IE (Slavic, South)1191.68%18.49%62.19%9.24%4.2%4.2%Battaglia2008 [5]
Croats (Split)IE (Slavic, South)26%Underhill 2009
Croats (Zabok, Zagreb, Delnice, Donji Miholjac, Pazin)IE (Slavic, South)8816%33%39%7%2%1%Sarac2016 [27]
Croats (Dubrovnik)IE (Slavic, South)1795%13%63%6%7%2%2%Sarac2016 [27]
Croats (Zadar)IE (Slavic, South)2504%72%8%12%4%Sarac2016 [27]
Croats (Žumberak)IE (Slavic, South)4411%34%27%18%5%5%Sarac2016 [27]
Croats IE (Slavic, South)3368.33%20.24%52.98%8.04%5.96%1.79%1.49%Sarac2016 [27]
Croats IE (Slavic, South)11007.91%22.1%44%10.73%7.37%2.73%0.64%0.64%H=1.82% Q=0.73%Mrsic2011 [28]
Croats (Central proper)IE (Slavic, South)22031.82%23.64%39.09%11.82%8.64%3.64%Mrsic2011 [28]
Croats (North of north proper)IE (Slavic, South)22029%32%Mrsic2011 [28]
Croats (Slavonia)IE (Slavic, South)22019%46%Mrsic2011 [28]
Croats (Dalmatia)IE (Slavic, South)22019%60%Mrsic2011 [28]
Croats (Istria and south proper)IE (Slavic, South)22020%46%Mrsic2011 [28]
Croats IE (Slavic, South)15557.52%21.41%47.33%10.03%6.82%2.63%0.45%0.45%H
1.29%
20/1555

Q
0.51%
8/1555		Battaglia2008 [5]
Sarac2016 [27]
Mrsic2011 [28]
Croats (mainland)IE (Slavic, South)18938.1%Rootsi2004 [8]
Czechs IE (Slavic, West)25734.2%18.3%5.8%4.7%5.1%1.6%Luca2007 [29]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West)4535.6%26.7%2.2%Semino2000 [2]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West)19813.6%Rootsi2004 [8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North)1231.67%16.67%43.33%Helgason2000 [20]
Danes IE (Germanic, North)19438.7%Rootsi2004 [8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North)352.9%Cruciani2004 [25]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West)41050.2%3.3%32.9%2.9%5.1%4.1%0.2%Barjesteh2008 [30]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West)208557.9%4.0%27.8%2.6%3.5%2.70.05%0.7%A=0.1, H=0.2, L=0.05, O=0.1, Q=0.3Altena2020 [31]
English (Central)IE (Germanic, West)21561.9%5%25%Weale2002 [32]
English IE (Germanic, West)183057%4%25%3%4%5%FTDNA 2016 [33]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic)2079.0%3.0%1.0%40.6%Rosser2000 [17]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic)11837.3%Laitinen2002 [34]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic)21018.6%Rootsi2004 [8]
Finns Uralic (Finnic)572.0%10.5%2.0%63.2%Rosser2000 [17]
Finns Uralic (Finnic)380.07.9%28.963.2% [26]
French IE (Italic)2352.2%017.4%8.7%4.3%000Semino2000 [2]
French IE (Italic)408.0%Rosser2000 [17]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West)9456.0%7.0%29.0%2.0%6.0%Wilson2001 [35]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West)9455.3%7.4%34.0%2.1%1.4%Weale2002 [32]
Gagauz (Kongaz)Turkic4810.4%12.5%31.3%16.7%8.3%10.4%4.2%6.3%Varzari2006 [36]
Gagauz (Etulia)Turkic4114.6%26.8%24.4%9.8%7.3%17.1%0.00.0Varzari2006 [36]
Germans IE (Germanic, West)4847.9%8.1%22%Helgason2000 [20]
Germans IE (Germanic, West)1650%16%22%6.2%0000Semino2000 [2]
Germans IE (Germanic, West)121538.9%17.9%23.6%6.2%4.0%1.6%7.7Kayser2005 [37]
Germans IE (Germanic, West)3,000+44%12%20%5%6%5%1%Gabel 2013 [38]
Greeks IE (Greek)7711.7%15.6%19.5%20.8%16.9%9.1%0.0%0.0%F=1.3% H2=1.3% K=1.3% K2=2.6%Firasat2007 [39]
GreeksIE (Greek)11822.8%8.3%Helgason2000 [20]
Greeks (continental)IE (Greek)15413%12%18%24%20%5%8%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Agrinio)IE (Greek)2119.05%4.76%23.81%9.52%28.57%4.76%9.52%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Ioannina)IE (Greek)2416.67%8.33%8.33%29.17%20.84%4.17%12.5%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Patrai)IE (Greek)1811.11%5.56%11.11%44.44%16.67%0.0%11.11%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Kardhitsa)IE (Greek)258%20%12%28%16%12%4%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Serrai)IE (Greek)2512%8%36%24%16%4%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Thessaloniki)IE (Greek)205%25%20%20%15%5%10%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Larissa)IE (Greek)2119.05%9.52%14.29%14.29%28.57%4.76%9.52%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Heraklion)IE (Greek)427.14%14.29%26.19%40.48%9.52%2.38%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (continental,
Agrinio,
Ioannina,
Patrai,
Kardhitsa,
Serrai,
Thessaloniki,
Larissa,
Heraklion)		IE (Greek)35012.29%10.29%17.7124.29%22.57%5.71%7.14%Di Giacommo 2003 [40]
Greeks (Nikomedeia, Lerna/Franchthi, Sesklo/Dimini)IE (Greek)17113.45%
23/171		11.11%
19/171		15.79%
27/171		31.58%
54/171		19.88%
34/171		4.68%
8/171		1.75
3/171		King2008 [41]
Greeks (Crete)IE (Greek)19317.1%
33/193		8.81%
17/193		12.95%
25/193		8.81%
17/193		38.86%
75/193		10.88%
21/193		2.07%
4/193		King2008 [41]
Greeks (Nikomedeia, Lerna/Franchthi, Sesklo/Dimini),+(Crete)IE (Greek)36415.38%
56/364		9.89%%
36/364		14.29%
52/364		19.51%
71/364		29.95%
109/364		7.97%
29/364		1.92%
7/364		King2008 [41]
Greeks (Peloponnese)IE (Greek)3647.42%
17/36
13.89%		Semino2004 [9]
Greeks (Thrace)IE (Greek)4112.2%22.0%19.5%19.5%19.5%4.9%Bosch2006 [4]
Greeks (North)IE (Greek)9614.6%
14/96		18.8%
18/96		12.5%
12/96		35.4%
34/96		5.2%
5/96		2.1%
2/96		L=1%
1/96		Zalloua2008 [42]
Greeks (South)IE (Greek)4619.6%
9/46		2.2%
1/46		23.9%
11/46		43.5%
20/46		6.5%
3/46		2.2%
1/46		Zalloua2008 [42]
Greeks
(North)+(South)		IE (Greek)14216.2%13.38%16.2%38.03%5.63%2.11%L=0.70%
1/142		Zalloua2008 [42]
Greeks (Euboea)IE (Greek)969%10%11%20%28%9% [43]
Greeks (Corinthia)IE (Greek)1109%17%16%27%22%3% [43]
Greeks (Macedonia)IE (Greek)5714.0%12.8%29.8%22.9%15.9%1.8%1.8%Battaglia 2008 [5] [44]
Greeks (Athens)IE (Greek)9220%16%10%22%23%3%4%C=1, L=1Battaglia 2008 [5]
Greeks (Athens)IE (Greek)13215%6%27%IJ+G=49%, K*=4%Waelle 2001 [45]
Greeks (Cyprus)IE (Greek)62911.13%4%4%23%41%13%3%L=2%, H=1%Voskarides 2016 [46]
Gypsy/Muslim Roma (Macedonia)IE (Indic)571.8%1.8%5.3%29.8%1.8%H=59.6Pericic2005 [3]
Herzegovinians (Siroki Brijeg, Mostar)IE (Slavic, South)1413.55%12.06%70.92%8.51%1.42%Pericic2005 [3]
Hungarians (Hungary)Uralic (Ugric)21518.1%25.6%31.37%6.1%10.23%4.2%0.47%0.0%H=5.12% R2=0.47% R1*=1.40%Völgyi2008 [47]
Hungarians (Paloc)Uralic (Ugric)4513.3%60.0%11.1%8.9%2.2%2.2%0.0%0.0%L=2.2%Semino2000 [2]
Hungarians (Romania)Uralic (Ugric)9720%19%22%9%21%5%1% [48]
Hungarians (Great Hungarian Plain)Uralic (Ugric)10015%30%24%10%16%3% [48]
Icelanders IE (Germanic, North)18141.44%23.76%34.25%Helgason2000 [20]
Irish IE (Germanic, West), IE (Celtic)22281.53%0.45%14.86%Helgason2000 [20]
Irish IE (Germanic, West), IE (Celtic)2572.0%Rosser2000 [17]
Italians IE (Italic)5062.0%8.0%10.0%Rootsi2004 [8]
Italians IE (Italic)2.7% [20] 13.0% [17]
Italians (Calabria)IE (Italic)32.4% [2] 5.4% [8] 23% [9] 24.6% [9]
Italians (Apulia)IE (Italic)2.6% [8] 13.9% [9] 31.45% [9]
ItaliansIE (Italic)88439%3%11%14%18%12%2%L=2%Boattini2013 [49]
Italians (Sicily)IE (Italic)8.8%27.3%23.8%Semino2004 [9]
Italians (South)IE (Italic)6825.00%2.94%5.88%25.88%14.71%2.94%Zalloua2008 [42]
Italians (East Sicily)IE (Italic)8719.54%2.3%4.6%29.19%4.6%4.6%Zalloua2008 [42]
Italians (West Sicily)IE (Italic)12527.2%2.4%11.2%19.2%12.8%3.2%Zalloua2008 [42]
Italians (South)IE (Italic)28024.29%2.5%7.86%23.93%10.71%3.57%Zalloua2008 [42]
Komi Uralic (Finnic)9416.033.05.335.1 [26]
Komi (Izhemsky)Uralic (Finnic)540.029.61.90.00.00.068.50.0Mirabal2009 [7]
Komi (Priluzsky)Uralic (Finnic)492.032.74.10.00.00.061.20.0Mirabal2009 [7]
Latvians IE (Baltic)11439.5%0.9%42.1%Laitinen2002 [34]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic)385.0% [17]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic)11436.0%0.9%43.0%Laitinen2002 [34]
ethnic Macedonians IE (Slavic, South)21111.4%14.2%31.3%18%16%3.8%0.5%1.9%L=0.5Noveski2010 [50]
ethnic Macedonians (Skopje)IE (Slavic, South)795.1%15.2%34.2%24.1%12.7%5.1%Pericic2005 [3]
Macedonians (Skopje)IE (Slavic, South)5213.513.528.823.111.53.8Bosch2006 [4]
Maltese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)18722.05.09.06.09.00.0Zalloua2008 [42]
Mari Uralic (Finnic)1112.747.78.141.4 [26]
Mari Uralic (Finnic)4810.429.20.06.350.0Rosser2000 [17]
Moldovans IE (Italic)7063510I+G=37Stefan2001 [51]
Moldavians (Carahasani)IE (Italic)7216.734.725.012.59.70.01.40.0Varzari2006 [36]
Moldavians (Sofia)IE (Italic)5416.7%20.4%35.2%13.0%5.6%1.9%3.7%1.9%Varzari2006 [36]
Mordvins (Erzya)Uralic (Finnic)4639.1%Malaspina2003 [52]
Mordvins (Moksha)Uralic (Finnic)4621.7%Malaspina2003 [52]
Mordvins Uralic (Finnic)8313.326.519.319.3 [26]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North)9062425421112Q=3FTDNA [53]
Orcadians IE (Germanic, West)7166.019.7Wilson2001 [35]
Poles IE (Slavic, West)16.4 [2] 56.4 [2] 17.8 [8] 4.0 [9] 1.0 [9]
Poles IE (Slavic, West)9313.455.916.13.2 [26]
Poles IE (Slavic, West)91311.657.017.34.52.53.73.3Kayser2005 [37]
Portuguese IE (Italic)3035.3%Rootsi2004 [8]
Portuguese (South)IE (Italic)5756.0%2.0%17.0%Rosser2000 [17]
Portuguese (North)IE (Italic)32862.0011.0Rosser2000 [17]
Romanians (Buhusi, Piatra Neamț)IE (Italic)5413.020.448.17.45.65.60.00.0Varzari2006 [36]
Romanians IE (Italic)36122.2Rootsi2004 [8]
Romanians (Constanţa)IE (Italic)3116.19.741.99.76.512.90.00.0Bosch2006 [4]
Romanians (Ploieşti)IE (Italic)368.35.638.916.719.48.30.00.0Bosch2006 [4]
Romanians IE (Italic)17910.120.127.919.618.42.20.60.6Q=0.6Martinez-Cruz 2012 [23]
Russians IE (Slavic, East)1226.646.76.64.118.0Rosser2000 [17]
Russians IE (Slavic, East)6121.342.613.116.4 [26]
Russians (Kursk)IE (Slavic, East)407.552.515.010.02.5012.500Mirabal2009 [7]
Russians (Northern)IE (Slavic, East)3806.1%33.4%14.5%0.3%1.8%1.3%41.3%0.0%Balanovsky2008 [54]
Russians (Central)IE (Slavic, East)3647.7%47.0%16.5%5.2%3.3%0.017.0%0.8%Balanovsky2008 [54]
Russians (Adygea)IE (Slavic, East)7824.4Rootsi2004 [8]
Russians (Bashkortostan)IE (Slavic, East)506.0Rootsi2004 [8]
Russians (Belgorod region)IE (Slavic, East)1432.859.416.7Balanovsky [54]
Russians (Cossacks)IE (Slavic, East)9722.7Rootsi2004 [8]
Russians (Kostroma region)IE (Slavic, East)5318.9Rootsi2004 [8]
Russians (North, Pinega)IE (Slavic, East)1274.7Rootsi2004 [8]
Russians (Smolensk region)IE (Slavic, East)12010.8Rootsi2004 [8]
Ruthenians (Vojvodina)IE (Slavic)44 [55]
Sami (Sweden)Uralic (Finnic)387.9%15.8%31.6%0.00.00.044.7%0.0Karlsson2006 [56]
Sami Uralic (Finnic)1273.911.047.2 [26]
Sami Uralic (Finnic)31.4Rootsi2004 [8]
Sardinians (Sardinia, Italy)IE (Italic)22.1 [2] 42.3 [8] 5.0 [9] 12.5 [9]
Sardinians (Northern Sardinia)IE (Italic)8620.00.028.013.021.00.0Zalloua2008 [42]
Sardinians (Southern Sardinia)IE (Italic)18719.01.035.011.014.00.0Zalloua2008 [42]
Scots IE (Germanic, West)75072.53%8.53%14%
Sephardic Jews IE (Italic)7829.5%3.9%11.5%19.2%28.2%Nebel2001 [10]
Serbs and South Slavs IE (Slavic, South)10925%20%43%14%11%4%3%-Q=1%Serb DNA Project 2016 [57]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South)2673%26%39%15%9%5%2%—Serb DNA Project 2014 [58]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South)1794.5%14.5%38.5%17.3%5.6%2.2%3.3%H=2.2, Q=1.7, L=0.6Mirabal,V.2010 [59]
Serbs (Vojvodina)IE (Slavic, South)18510.3%15.1%35.1%16.2%11.4%3.2%H=2.7 Q=1.1 others=4.9Veselinovic 2008 [60]
Serbs (Belgrade)IE (Slavic, South)11310.6%15.9%36.3%21.2%8%Pericic2005 [3]
Serbs (Aleksandrovac, Serbia)IE (Slavic, South)851.17%21.1%41.1%15.2%9.40%10.5%0.0%0.0%Todorovic2013
Serbs IE (Slavic, South)1037.8%20.4%37.9%18.4%7.8%5.8%1.9%Regueiro2012 [61]
Serbs (Bosnia)IE (Slavic, South)816.2%13.6%40.7%22.2%9.9%1.2%6.2%0.0%Battaglia2008 [5]
Slovaks (Vojvodina)IE (Slavic, West)42% [55]
Slovaks IE (Slavic, West)25013.2%38%27.6%7.2%3.6%4%2.4%0.4Sotak [62]
Slovenians IE (Slavic, South)7521.3%38.7%30.7%2.7%4.0%2.7%0.0%0.0%Battaglia2008 [5]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South)7037.1%7.1%5.7%0.0%0.0%Rosser2000 [17]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South)5538.2%Rootsi2004 [8]
Spanish IE (Italic)12668.0%2.0%10.0%Rosser2000 [17]
Spanish IE (Italic)212167.3%1.6%7.2%8.9%9.8%3.2%--1.3%0.8%Martinez2016 [63]
Ibiza islanders IE (Italic)5457.4%0.0%1.9%7.4%13.0%16.7%Zalloua2008 [42]
Majorca islanders IE (Italic)6266.1%0.0%8.1%6.2%6.2%1.6%Zalloua2008 [42]
Menorca islanders IE (Italic)3773.0%2.7%2.7%18.9%0.00.0Zalloua2008 [42]
Spanish (South)IE (Italic)16265.0%2.0%6.0%9.0%4.0%0.0%Zalloua2008 [42]
Valencians IE (Italic)7364.0%3.0%10.0%11.%01.0%1.0%Zalloua2008 [42]
Swedes (Northern)IE (Germanic, North)4822.9%18.8%2.1%2.1%8.3%Rosser2000 [17]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North)1800+21%18%45%1%1%3%2%-Q=3FTDNA 2016 [64]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North)11020.0%17.3%Helgason2000 [20]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North)22540%Rootsi2004 [8]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North)16013.1%24.4%37.5%1.3%0.0%14.4%Lappalainen2008 [65]
Swiss IE (German/Italic)60655%4%16%7%6%9%0%0%K=1Zieger 2020 [66]
Tatars Turkic1268.7%24.1%4.0%33.0% [26]
Turks Turkic52316%7%5%11%33%11%4%2%L=4, Q=2, C=1, R2=1, H=1, A+DE*+R*+O = 2Cinnioglu 2004 [67]
Turks (Istanbul)Turkic8115%9%10%12%27%7%2%4%L=5, C=4, DE*=5Cinnioglu 2004
Turks (Bulgaria)Turkic638%10%19%13%24%6%5%H=11, Q=3Zaharova 2001
Udmurt Uralic (Finnic)872.3%10.35%1.1%85.06% [26]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East)7597.9%43.2%27.2%7.4%3.8%3%5.4%1.3%0.8%Kushniarevich2015 [68]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East)21.9% [8] 8.6% [9] 7.3% [9]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East)5318.9%41.5%24.5%9.4%0.0%5.7%0.0%Varzari2006 [36]
Welsh (Anglesey)IE (Celtic)8888.64%1.0%3.0%Wilson2001 [35]
Welsh (Anglesey)IE (Celtic)1968.1%Rootsi2004 [8]

Notes

  1. ↑ Total Aromuns: 39 + 19 + 43 + 65 + 42 =208
  2. ↑ I in Bosnians (Zenica): I1a= 1.45%, 1/69. I1b*(xM26)= 52.20%, 36/69

Chronological development of haplogroups

HaplogroupPossible time of originPossible place of origin TMRCA in Europe [69] [70]
E 69,000 years ago [70] [71] East Africa [72] or West Asia [73] 38–59,000 years ago
D 68,300 years agoAsia
C c. 53,000 years agoAsia>35,000 years ago [74] > [75]
F 38–56,000 years ago[ citation needed ]
IJ 30–46,000 years ago
K 40–54,000 years ago[ citation needed ]
E-M215 (E1b1b)31–46,000 years ago [76] 39–55,000 years ago[ citation needed ]
P 27–41,000 years ago
J 19–44,500 years ago [72]
R 20–34,000 years ago
I Balkans15–30,000 years ago
R-M173 13–26,000 years ago
I-M438 28–33,000 years ago [77] 16–20,000 years ago
E-M35 20–30,000 years ago [76] 15–21,000 years ago
J-M267 15–34,000 [72] years ago
R-M420 (R1a)25,000 years ago [78] Eurasia (Iran? [79] )8–10,000 years ago
R-M343 (R1b)22,000 years ago [80] West Asia [81]
N at least 21,000 years ago (STR age) [82]
I-M253 11–21,000 [83] or 28–33,000 years ago [77] 3–5,000 years ago
J-M172 15–22,000 [72] years ago19–24,000 years ago [69]
E-M7815–20,000 [76] or 17,500–20,000 years ago [84] Northeast Africa [84] at least 17,000 years ago [84]
E-V1212,500–18,000 years ago [84]
R-M17 13 ,000 [85] or 18,000 years ago [86] India
I-L460present 13,000 years ago [87]
I-M22311–18,000 years ago [83]
E-V137–17,000 years ago [84] West Asia [84] 5–9,000 years ago (Balkan)
4–4,700 years ago (Europe)
6,800–17,000 years ago (Asia) [84]
R-Z28011–14,000 years ago [44]
N-M46at least 12,000 years ago (STR age) [82]
R-M45811,000 years ago [44]
I-P376–16,000, [83] present 10,000 years ago [88]
I-M423present 10,000 years ago [88]
I-M262–17,000, [83] present 8,000 years ago [88]
R-M269 5,500–8,000 years ago [89]
R-L11, R-S1163–5,000 years ago

See also

Related Research Articles

Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is a subgroup of haplogroup IJ, which itself is a derivative of the haplogroup IJK. Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup J-M172</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-M304. Haplogroup J-M172 is common in modern populations in Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Southern Europe, Northwestern Iran and North Africa. It is thought that J-M172 may have originated between the Caucasus, Anatolia and/or Western Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Socotra Archipelago, the Caucasus, Europe, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

E-M215, also known as E1b1b-M215, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M215 has two basal branches, E-M35 and E-M281. E-M35 is primarily distributed in North Africa and the Horn of Africa, and occurs at lower frequencies in the Middle East, Europe, and Southern Africa. E-M281 occurs at a low frequency in Ethiopia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), also known as H-L901/M2939 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.

Haplogroup K or K-M9 is a genetic lineage within human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A sublineage of haplogroup IJK, K-M9, and its descendant clades represent a geographically widespread and diverse haplogroup. The lineages have long been found among males on every continent except Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup L-M20</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in South Asia and the Mediterranean

Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. As a secondary descendant of haplogroup K and a primary branch of haplogroup LT, haplogroup L currently has the alternative phylogenetic name of K1a, and is a sibling of haplogroup T.

Haplogroup P also known as P-F5850 or K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. P-F5850 is a branch of K2b, which is a branch of Haplogroup K2 (K-M526).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R1</span> Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A primary subclade of Haplogroup R (R-M207), it is defined by the SNP M173. The other primary subclade of Haplogroup R is Haplogroup R2 (R-M479).

Haplogroup R, or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is both numerous and widespread amongst modern populations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup J-M267</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup J-M267, also commonly known as Haplogroup J1, is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209 along with its sibling clade haplogroup J-M172.

The various ethnolinguistic groups found in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and/or South Asia demonstrate differing rates of particular Y-DNA haplogroups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R1a</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup R1a, or haplogroup R-M420, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, southern Siberia and South Asia.

Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia and Europe. It is a subclade of the larger and older haplogroup, known as E1b1b or E-M215. The E1b1b1a lineage is identified by the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation on the Y chromosome, which is known as V68. It is a subject of discussion and study in genetics as well as genetic genealogy, archaeology, and historical linguistics.

Listed here are notable ethnic groups and populations from Western Asia, Egypt and South Caucasus by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. Some old studies conducted in the early 2000s regarded several haplogroups as one haplogroup, e.g. I, G and sometimes J were haplogroup 2, so conversion sometimes may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.

Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia are haplogroups of the male Y-chromosome found in South Asian populations.

E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common phylogeny. The former is predominantly found in the Middle East; the latter is most frequently observed in North Africa, with its E-M81 subclade observed among the ancient Guanche natives of the Canary Islands. E-Z827 is also found at lower frequencies in Europe, and in isolated parts of Southeast Africa.

In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E-M123 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, and defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M123. Like its closest relatives within the larger E-M215 haplogroup, E-M123 is found in Asia, Europe and Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R-M269</span> Gene group

Haplogroup R-M269 is the sub-clade of human Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b that is defined by the SNP marker M269. According to ISOGG 2020 it is phylogenetically classified as R1b1a1b. It underwent intensive research and was previously classified as R1b1a2, R1b1c, R1b1b2 and R1b1a1a2.

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