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Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern | |
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Born | Ivan Petrovsky April 6, 1962 |
Nationality | American |
Other names | Ivan Petrovsky |
Occupation | Historian, Philologist, Academic |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | |
Doctoral advisor |
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Academic work | |
Discipline | Jewish History and Religion |
Institutions |
Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern (born April 6,1962) is an American historian,philologist and essayist,noted in particular for his studies of the institution of Cantonism,his critique of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's controversial two volume-work about Jews in Russia, Two Hundred Years Together ,as well as translations of Jorge Luis Borges' works into Russian. [1] He is the Crown Family Professor of Jewish Studies and a Professor of Jewish History in History Department at Northwestern University where he teaches Early Modern,Modern and East European Jewish history.
Petrovsky-Shtern was born in Kyiv in 1962 to the family of Miron Petrovsky (ПетровськийМиронСеменович),a Ukrainian philologist. His birth name was Ivan Petrovsky,as attested by his published translations of Jorge Luis Borges. [2]
He holds a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Comparative Literature from Moscow University and a second Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Jewish History from Brandeis University. He has been a Rothschild Fellow at Hebrew University in Jerusalem,a Sensibar Visiting Professor at Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership in Chicago,a Visiting Scholar at École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales,a research fellow at The National Endowment for the Humanities,in Poland,and a Fulbright Scholar at Kyiv Mohyla Academy in Kyiv. [3]
Petrovsky-Shtern had several solo exhibitions,including such venues as the French Institute in July 2019 in Kyiv,Ukraine; [4] the Ukrainian Institute of America in spring 2015 in New York City; [5] Ukrainian Institute of Modern Art in February–March 2014 in Chicago; [6] and in November 2012 at the museum of the Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership in Chicago. [7]
Petrovsky-Shtern analyses the folkways and fantasies of his Jewish and Ukrainian heritage through “revisiting foundational narratives from the Hebrew Bible,Eastern European Jewish folk-characters and folk-tales,images and artifacts from his native Ukraine,and—of course—the Holocaust,”wrote Jerome Chanes in Jewish Week. [8]
“Although Petrovsky-Shtern’s main fields of interest are history and literature,ranging from the Jewish Middle Ages to Hasidic folklore,from the prose of Gabriel Garcia Marquez to the Ukrainian renaissance of the 1920s,it is on canvas that the depth of his knowledge of various religions and cultures is transformed into a mysterious world of tales and myths,”wrote the poet Vasyl Makhno. [9]
Among his publications are many scholarly articles and such monographs as:
Antisemitism is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism.
A shtetl or shtetel is a Yiddish term for the small towns with large Ashkenazi Jewish populations that existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. The term is used in the contexts of peculiarities of former East European Jewish societies as islands within the surrounding non-Jewish populace, and bears certain socio-economic and cultural connotations. Shtetls were mainly found in the areas that constituted the 19th-century Pale of Settlement in the Russian Empire as well as in Congress Poland, Austrian Galicia, Kingdom of Romania and Kingdom of Hungary, which correspond to the modern-day countries of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Slovakia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania and southern Latvia.
The Pale of Settlement was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, was mostly forbidden. Most Jews were still excluded from residency in a number of cities within the Pale as well. A few Jews were allowed to live outside the area, including those with university education, the ennobled, members of the most affluent of the merchant guilds and particular artisans, some military personnel and some services associated with them, including their families, and sometimes their servants. The archaic English term pale is derived from the Latin word palus, a stake, extended to mean the area enclosed by a fence or boundary.
Symon Vasylyovych Petliura was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He became the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian Army and the President of the Ukrainian People's Republic during Ukraine's short-lived sovereignty in 1918–1921, leading Ukraine's struggle for independence following the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917.
Cantonists were underage sons of conscripts in the Russian Empire. From 1721 on they were educated in special "canton schools" for future military service. The canton schools and the cantonist system were eventually abolished in 1857, following public and international criticism and the Russian defeat in the Crimean War.
The Kievan Letter, or Kyivan letter is an early 10th-century letter thought to be written by representatives of the Jewish community in Kyiv. The letter, a Hebrew-language recommendation written on behalf of one member of their community, was part of an enormous collection brought to Cambridge by Solomon Schechter from the Cairo Geniza. It was discovered in 1962 during a survey of the Geniza documents by Norman Golb of the University of Chicago. The letter is dated by most scholars to around 930 CE. Some think that the letter dates from a time when Khazars were no longer a dominant force in the politics of the city. According to Marcel Erdal, the letter does not come from Kyiv but was sent to Kyiv.
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Galician Jews or Galitzianers (Yiddish:גאַליציאַנערס) are members of the subgroup of Ashkenazi Jews originating in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, from contemporary western Ukraine and from south-eastern Poland. Galicia proper, which was inhabited by Ruthenians, Poles and Jews, became a royal province within Austria-Hungary after the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. Galician Jews primarily spoke Yiddish.
Rachel Elior is an Israeli professor of Jewish philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Jerusalem, Israel. Her principal subjects of research has been Hasidism and the history of early Jewish mysticism.
Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership is a private educational center in Chicago, Illinois. Spertus offers learning opportunities that are "rooted in Jewish wisdom and culture and open to all" although it is not affiliated with any single branch of Judaism. Graduate programs and workshops "train leaders and engage individuals in exploration of Jewish life." Public programs include films, speakers, seminars, concerts, and exhibits — at the institute's main campus at 610 S. Michigan Avenue, as well as in the Chicago suburbs and online.
The Blank family in the Russian Empire was the family of the maternal grandfather of Vladimir Lenin.
A miasteczko (Polish: [mjaˈstɛtʂkɔ] or miestelis, was a historical type of urban settlement similar to a market town in the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the partitions of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the end of the 18th-century, these settlements became widespread in the Austrian, German and Russian Empires. The vast majority of miasteczkos had significant or even predominant Jewish populations; these are known in English under the Yiddish term shtetl. Miasteczkos had a special administrative status other than that of town or city.
Two Hundred Years Together is a two-volume historical essay by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. It was written as a comprehensive history of Jews in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and modern Russia between the years 1795 and 1995, especially with regard to government attitudes toward Jews.
The Holocaust in Russia is the Nazi crimes during the occupation of Russia by Nazi Germany.
Ivan Yulianovych Kulyk was a Ukrainian poet, writer, translator, diplomat and Communist Party activist. He also wrote under the names "R. Rolinato" and "Vasyl Rolenko".
Antony Barry Polonsky is Emeritus Professor of Holocaust Studies at Brandeis University. He is the author of many historical works on the Holocaust, and is an expert on Polish Jewish history.
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Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe is a German–Polish historian based in Berlin, associated with the Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin. He specializes in the history of the Holocaust and East-Central Europe, fascism, nationalism, the history of antisemitism, the history of the Soviet Union, and the politics of memory.
Zenon Eugene Kohut is a Canadian historian specializing in early modern Ukrainian history. He retired as professor emeritus, University of Alberta. From 1992 to 2014 Kohut worked at the University of Alberta's Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies where he served as the first head of the Stasiuk Program for the Study of Contemporary Ukraine and acted as editor of the Journal of Ukrainian Studies (1990–92). He was acting director (1993) and director (1994–2012) of the Program.
After World War I and during the formation of Czechoslovakia, a wave of anti-Jewish rioting and violence was unleashed against Jews and their property, especially stores.