1922 Romanian general election

Last updated
1922 Romanian general election
Flag of Romania.svg
  1920 1–3 March 1922 1926  

All 372 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
All 148 seats in the Senate
 Majority partyMinority party
  Ion I C Bratianu - Foto01.jpg CStere.jpeg
Leader Ion I. C. Brătianu Constantin Stere
Party PNL
Leader's seat Gorj County Soroca County
Seats won222 C / 111 S 40 C / 11 S
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 206 C / Increase2.svg 110 S Increase2.svg 15 C / Increase2.svg 1 S

Prime Minister before election

Ion I. C. Brătianu
PNL

Subsequent Prime Minister

Ion I. C. Brătianu
PNL

General elections were held in Romania between 1 and 3 March 1922. In the first stage between 1 and 3 March, seats in the Senate were elected. In the second stage between 5 and 7 March the Chamber of Deputies was elected, and in the third and final stage from 9 to 11 March, additional Senate seats were elected. [1] The result was a victory for the governing National Liberal Party, which won 222 of the 372 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 111 of the 148 seats in the Senate. [2] Both houses were combined to form a Constitutional Assembly, [3] which approved the 1923 constitution.

Contents

Campaign

In 34 of the 121 constituencies in Transylvania, candidates ran unopposed and were proclaimed elected without an actual poll, [4] mostly because the National Liberal government refused to register opposition candidates. Overall, the campaign was dominated by the government through what some opposition representative deemed "terror". The National Liberals freely used the administration and the Army in order to promote its candidates and intimidate the opposition, rejected the registration of many opposition candidates while pressuring others into withdrawing, destroyed opposition publications, forbade or brutally dissolved opposition rallies, arrested candidates and worked to split the vote among the competing opposition parties. [5]

Government pressure continued during election day. According to Constantin Stere, army officers in Bessarabia campaigned for the government inside the polling stations and entered voting booths to ensure a vote for the government. According to Nicolae Iorga, government agents beat up opposition supporters in Fălticeni, Dorohoi and Odobești, prevented whole villages from voting in the Putna County, while in Argeș County the soldiers voted instead of the public. In several places across the country, opposition candidates were prevented from voting. Opposition leaders condemned the abuses of the government, with Romanian National Party leader Iuliu Maniu declaring the elections "a European scandal" and initially refusing to take part in the works of the newly elected Parliament. [5]

Results

Chamber of Deputies

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
National Liberal Party 222+206
Peasants' Party 40+15
Romanian National Party 26–1
Bessarabian Peasants' Party 22–1
Democratic Union Party 15+14
People's Party 13–193
Democratic Nationalist Party 5
Hungarian Union 3New
Conservative-Democratic Party 3–14
Federation of Socialist Parties 1New
Other parties22
Total372+6
Total votes2,210,370
Registered voters/turnout2,908,01576.01
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Senate

PartySeats+/–
National Liberal Party 111+110
Bessarabian Peasants' Party 13+7
Peasants' Party 11+1
Romanian National Party 9–5
People's Party 2–122
Democratic Nationalist Party 2
Total148–18
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1990 Romanian general election</span>

General elections were held in Romania on 20 May 1990 to elect the President and members of Parliament. They were the first elections held after the overthrow of the communist regime six months earlier and the first free elections held in the country since 1937. It was also the first time the president had been directly elected, the position having been previously elected by the legislature since it was introduced in 1974.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Romanian legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in Romania on 30 November 2008. The Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) won three more seats than PSD in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, although the alliance headed by the Social Democratic Party (PSD) won more votes and a fractionally higher vote share. The two parties subsequently formed a governing coalition with Emil Boc of the PDL as Prime Minister.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1937 Romanian general election</span>

General elections were held in Romania in December 1937. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 20 December, whilst the Senate was elected in three stages on 22, 28 and 30 December. Voting was by universal male vote, making them the last elections held before female suffrage was introduced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magyar Party (Romania)</span> Political party in Romania

The Magyar Party was a political party in post-World War I Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1921 Belgian general election</span>

General elections were held in Belgium on 20 November 1921. The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 70 of the 186 seats in the Chamber of Representatives. Voter turnout was 91.1% in the Chamber election and 91.0% in the Senate election.

Full general elections were held in Belgium on 2 June 1912.

General elections were held in Romania between 4 and 8 November 1919. The Romanian National Party, which ran mostly unopposed in Transylvania, emerged as the largest party in Parliament, winning 169 of the 568 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 76 of the 216 seats in the Senate. Though both the Socialist Party and People's League decided to boycott the elections, several of their candidates who had registered before the decision went on to win seats.

General elections were held in Romania in May and June 1926. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 25 May, whilst the Senate was elected in two stages in May and 10 June. The result was a victory for the governing People's Party, which, together with the allied Romanian National Party, Magyar Party and German Party, won 292 of the 387 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 107 of the 115 seats in the Senate elected through universal male vote. With some exceptions, the Peasants' Party and the main branch of the National Party ran on common lists under the name of National Peasant Bloc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1927 Romanian general election</span>

General elections were held in Romania in July 1927. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 7 July, whilst the Senate was elected in three stages on 10, 12 and 14 July. The result was a victory for the governing National Liberal Party (PNL), which won 318 of the 387 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 92 of the 110 seats in the Senate elected through universal male vote.

General elections were held in Romania in December 1928. Immediately after acceding to power, the National Peasants' Party (NPP) prepared the next elections. The lists were filed before the local Courts before 26 November, while voting took place for the Chamber on 12 December, the Universal College of the Senate on 15 December, the local/county councils (Senate) on 17 December, and the Chamber of Industries and Commerce (Senate) on 19 December.

General elections were held in Romania in June 1931. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 1 June, whilst the Senate was elected in three stages on 4, 6 and 8 June. The result was a victory for the governing National Union, an alliance of the National Party, the National Liberal Party, the German Party, the Agrarian Union Party, the Vlad Ţepeş League, the Agrarian League and several other parties. The Union won 289 of the 387 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 108 of the 113 seats in the Senate elected through universal vote. The five seats won by the Communist-dominated Peasant Workers' Bloc were ultimately invalidated by the new Parliament.

General elections were held in Romania in July 1932. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 17 July, whilst the Senate was elected in three stages on 20, 24 and 26 July. The result was a victory for the governing National Peasants' Party-German Party alliance, which won 274 of the 387 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 104 of the 113 seats in the Senate elected through universal male vote. Of the 274 Chamber seats, 265 were taken by the National Peasant's Party and nine by the German Party.

General elections were held in Romania in December 1933, the third in three years. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 20 December, whilst the Senate was elected in three stages on 22, 28 and 29 December.

General elections were held in Romania in June 1939. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 1 June, whilst the Senate was elected a day later. They were the first since the introduction of the royal dictatorship of King Carol II under the 1938 constitution. Voters were presented with a single list from the National Renaissance Front, which had been the only legally permitted party in Romania since December.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conservative-Democratic Party</span> Dissolved Romanian political party

The Conservative-Democratic Party was a political party in Romania. Over the years, it had the following names: the Democratic Party, the Nationalist Conservative Party, or the Unionist Conservative Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alliance for Romanian Unity</span>

The Alliance for Romanian Unity was a political alliance in Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania</span> Political party in Romania

The Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania was a political party in Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1911 Romanian general election</span>

General elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania from March 1 to March 14, 1911, confirming a majority for the Conservative Party (PC) under Petre P. Carp. The united opposition was constituted of the National Liberal (PNL) and Conservative-Democratic (PCD) parties, with Ion I. C. Brătianu and Take Ionescu as the leaders. The PCD, founded in 1908 from a middle-class Conservative splinter group, was making its first appearance nationally. A quickly rising third-party, its alliance with the PNL helped the latter survive and consolidate. The elections were also contested by two other new political actors: the right-wing Democratic Nationalist Party, and the left-wing Social Democratic Party. Both failed to win any seats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Romanian legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in Romania on 6 December 2020 to elect the 136 members of the Senate and the 330 constituent members of the Chamber of Deputies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1867 Romanian general election</span>

General elections were held in Romania in December 1867, and were won by a coalition of liberal-and-radical groups, or "Concordia Agreement", formed around incumbent Prime Minister Ștefan Golescu. Concordia brought together the left-leaning "Reds", the Free and Independent Faction, and a moderate liberal section under Mihail Kogălniceanu. The latter split the moderate vote, ensuring defeat for the opposition led by Ion Ghica, which came in third, after the conservative "Whites". The reconfiguration made the country more governable, at a time of financial crisis and riotous disputes over the issue of Jewish emancipation. Controversially, Concordia sought to win over and appease antisemitic voters, although it was itself divided between more and less pliable antisemites.

References

Citations

  1. Nohlen & Stöver (2010), p. 1591.
  2. Nohlen & Stöver (2010), p. 1599.
  3. Nohlen & Stöver (2010), p. 1592.
  4. Radu, Sorin (2000). "Electoratul din Transilvania în primii ani după marea unire". Apulum (in Romanian). 37 (2): 229–245. ISSN   1013-428X.
  5. 1 2 Stan, Constantin I. (1997). "Puterea și opoziția în alegerile parlamentare din martie 1922". Apulum (in Romanian). 34: 581–597. ISSN   1013-428X . Retrieved 20 January 2021.

Bibliography