AMY1A

AMY1A
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1C8Q, 1JXJ, 1JXK, 1MFU, 1MFV, 1NM9, 1Q4N, 1SMD, 1XV8, 1Z32, 3BLK, 3BLP, 3DHP Contents See also ; References ; External links ; Further reading ;
Identifiers
Aliases	AMY1A , AMY1, amylase, alpha 1A (salivary), amylase alpha 1A (salivary), amylase alpha 1A
External IDs	OMIM: 104700 HomoloGene: 133998 GeneCards: AMY1A
EC number	3.2.1.1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	103,664,554 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	salivary gland; ; pancreas; ; Body of pancreas; ; fallopian tube; ; sural nerve; ; thymus; ; testicle;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	GO:0001948 protein binding ; alpha-amylase activity ; hydrolase activity ; catalytic activity ; metal ion binding ; hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds ; cation binding ; alpha-amylase activity (releasing maltohexaose) ;
Cellular component	extracellular region ; extracellular exosome ; extracellular space ;
Biological process	digestion ; metabolism ; carbohydrate metabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	276
	n/a
	ENSG00000237763
	n/a
	P04745
	n/a
	NM_004038 ; NM_001008221
	n/a
	NP_001008220 ; NP_001333709 ; NP_001008222 ; NP_004029 ; NP_001008219
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated April 09, 2022

Alpha-amylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY1A gene.^[3] This gene is found in many organisms.

Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the salivary gland. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.^[3]

Related Research Articles

An amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Alpha-amylase(α-amylase) is an enzyme EC 3.2.1.1 that hydrolyses alpha bonds of large, alpha-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding shorter chains thereof, dextrins, and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals. It is also present in seeds containing starch as a food reserve, and is secreted by many fungi. It is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 13.

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K3 gene.

Y box binding protein 1 also known as Y-box transcription factor or nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YBX1 gene.

Adenylyl cyclase type 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY6 gene.

Pancreatic alpha-amylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2A gene.

Glucosidase 2 subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCSH gene.

Cdc42-interacting protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIP10 gene.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRB1 gene.

Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), also known as hepatocyte growth factor-like protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MST1 gene.

Statherin is a protein in humans that is encoded by the STATH gene. It prevents the precipitation of calcium phosphate in saliva, maintaining a high calcium level in saliva available for remineralisation of tooth enamel and high phosphate levels for buffering.

F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPZA1 gene.

Alpha-amylase 2B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2B gene.

Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha formerly known as HIP/PAP and peptide 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG3A gene.

40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS4Y1 gene.

Annexin A8-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA8L2 gene.

Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GP2 gene.

Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUFM gene. It is an EF-Tu homolog.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD4 gene.

Alpha-catulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNAL1 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000237763 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: AMY1A amylase, alpha 1A; salivary".

External links

Human AMY1A genome location and AMY1A gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt : P04745 (Alpha-amylase 1) at the PDBe-KB .

Bank RA, Hettema EH, Arwert F, et al. (1991). "Electrophoretic characterization of posttranslational modifications of human parotid salivary alpha-amylase". Electrophoresis. 12 (1): 74–9. doi:10.1002/elps.1150120114. PMID 1710976. S2CID 27328712.
Groot PC, Mager WH, Henriquez NV, et al. (1991). "Evolution of the human alpha-amylase multigene family through unequal, homologous, and inter- and intrachromosomal crossovers". Genomics. 8 (1): 97–105. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90230-R. PMID 2081604.
Nishide T, Nakamura Y, Emi M, et al. (1986). "Primary structure of human salivary alpha-amylase gene". Gene. 41 (2–3): 299–304. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(86)90110-1. PMID 2423416.
Davis MM, Hodes ME, Munsick RA, et al. (1986). "Pancreatic amylase expression in human pancreatic development". Hybridoma. 5 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1089/hyb.1986.5.137. PMID 2424823.
Handy DE, Larsen SH, Karn RC, Hodes ME (1987). "Identification of a human salivary amylase gene. Partial sequence of genomic DNA suggests a mode of regulation different from that of mouse, Amy1". Mol. Biol. Med. 4 (3): 145–55. PMID 2442579.
Horii A, Emi M, Tomita N, et al. (1988). "Primary structure of human pancreatic alpha-amylase gene: its comparison with human salivary alpha-amylase gene". Gene. 60 (1): 57–64. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90213-7. hdl: 11094/36665 . PMID 2450054.
Gumucio DL, Wiebauer K, Caldwell RM, et al. (1988). "Concerted evolution of human amylase genes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (3): 1197–205. doi:10.1128/MCB.8.3.1197. PMC 363264 . PMID 2452973.
Samuelson LC, Wiebauer K, Gumucio DL, Meisler MH (1988). "Expression of the human amylase genes: recent origin of a salivary amylase promoter from an actin pseudogene". Nucleic Acids Res. 16 (17): 8261–76. doi:10.1093/nar/16.17.8261. PMC 338557 . PMID 2458567.
Groot PC, Bleeker MJ, Pronk JC, et al. (1989). "The human alpha-amylase multigene family consists of haplotypes with variable numbers of genes". Genomics. 5 (1): 29–42. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90083-9. PMID 2788608.
Pronk JC, Frants RR, Jansen W, et al. (1982). "Evidence of duplication of the human salivary amylase gene". Hum. Genet. 60 (1): 32–5. doi:10.1007/BF00281260. PMID 6176528. S2CID 37322144.
Zabel BU, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, et al. (1984). "High-resolution chromosomal localization of human genes for amylase, proopiomelanocortin, somatostatin, and a DNA fragment (D3S1) by in situ hybridization". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (22): 6932–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.22.6932 . PMC 390100 . PMID 6196780.
Tricoli JV, Shows TB (1984). "Regional assignment of human amylase (AMY) to p22----p21 of chromosome 1". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 10 (2): 205–10. doi:10.1007/BF01534909. PMID 6608795. S2CID 21230969.
Nishide T, Emi M, Nakamura Y, Matsubara K (1984). "Corrected sequences of cDNAs for human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases [corrected]". Gene. 28 (2): 263–70. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(84)90265-8. PMID 6610603.
Seyama K, Nukiwa T, Takahashi K, et al. (1994). "Amylase mRNA transcripts in normal tissues and neoplasms: the implication of different expressions of amylase isogenes". J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 120 (4): 213–20. doi:10.1007/BF01372559. PMID 7507116. S2CID 6897149.
Ragunath C, Sundar K, Ramasubbu N (2002). "Expression, characterization, and biochemical properties of recombinant human salivary amylase". Protein Expr. Purif. 24 (2): 202–11. doi:10.1006/prep.2001.1559. PMID 11858714.
Hokari S, Miura K, Koyama I, et al. (2002). "A restriction endonuclease assay for expression of human alpha-amylase isozymes". Clin. Chim. Acta. 322 (1–2): 113–6. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00161-4. PMID 12104089.
Furusawa M, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H (2003). "AMY-1 interacts with S-AKAP84 and AKAP95 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively, and inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity by preventing binding of its catalytic subunit to A-kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP) complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (52): 50885–92. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M206387200 . PMID 12414807.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Ramasubbu N, Ragunath C, Mishra PJ (2003). "Probing the role of a mobile loop in substrate binding and enzyme activity of human salivary amylase". J. Mol. Biol. 325 (5): 1061–76. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01326-8. PMID 12527308.
Kandra L, Gyémánt G, Remenyik J, et al. (2003). "Subsite mapping of human salivary alpha-amylase and the mutant Y151M". FEBS Lett. 544 (1–3): 194–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00495-2. PMID 12782315. S2CID 83561963.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000237763 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-3] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: AMY1A amylase, alpha 1A; salivary".

[1]

[2]

[3]

AMY1A

Contents

See also

Related Research Articles

References

External links

Further reading