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The Northern Alliance,officially known as the United Islamic National Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan,was a military alliance of groups that operated between early 1992 and 2001 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union,many non-Pashtun Northerners originally with the Republic of Afghanistan led by Mohammad Najibullah became disaffected with Pashtun Khalqist Afghan Army officers holding control over non-Pashtun militias in the North. Defectors such as Rashid Dostum and Abdul Momim allied with Ahmad Shah Massoud and Ali Mazari forming the Northern Alliance. The alliance's capture of Mazar-i-Sharif and more importantly the supplies kept there crippled the Afghan military and began the end of Najibullah's government. Following the collapse of Najibullah's government the Alliance would fall with a Second Civil War breaking out however following the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan's (Taliban) takeover of Kabul,The United Front was reassembled.
Terrorism in Pakistan,according to the Ministry of Interior,poses a significant threat to the people of Pakistan. The wave of terrorism in Pakistan is believed to have started in 2000. Attacks and fatalities in Pakistan were on a "declining trend" between 2015 and 2019,but has gone back up from 2020-2022,with 971 fatalities in 2022.
Bismillah Khan Mohammadi,or Bismillah Khan,is an Afghan politician who served as the defense minister of Afghanistan from 2012 to 2015 and for two months in 2021. From 2002 to 2010,he served as Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army,and from 2010 to 2012 he held the post of Interior Minister of Afghanistan. He has an anti-Taliban background and once served as a senior commander under Ahmad Shah Massoud. Despite the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in August 2021,Mohammadi claims to remain the minister of defense as part of the government of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan.
Ahmad Zia Massoud is an Afghan politician who was the vice president of Afghanistan in the first elected administration of President Hamid Karzai,from December 2004 to November 2009. He is a younger brother of the late Ahmad Shah Massoud,the resistance leader against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and against the Taliban. In late 2011,Ahmad Zia Massoud joined hands with major leaders in the National Front of Afghanistan,which strongly opposed a return of the Taliban to power. The National Front was generally regarded as a reformation of the United Front which with U.S. air support temporarily removed the Taliban from power in late 2001.
Asadullah Khalid is a politician in Afghanistan. He served as head of the National Directorate of Security (NDS),which is the domestic intelligence agency of Afghanistan. Before his appointment as the head of the NDS in September 2012,Khalid served as the Minister of Tribal and Border Affairs. Between 2005 and 2008,he was the Governor of Kandahar Province and prior to that as Governor of Ghazni Province (2002-2005). From 2018 until 2021 he was the Minister of Defense. Khalid is said to be affiliated with the Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan and has been noted as one of many loyalists of Afghan President Hamid Karzai.
Sirajuddin Haqqani is an Afghan warlord who is the first deputy leader of Afghanistan and the acting interior minister. He has been a deputy leader of the Taliban since 2015,and was additionally appointed to his ministerial role after the Taliban's victory over Western-backed forces in the 2001–2021 war. He has led the Haqqani network,a semi-autonomous paramilitary arm of the Taliban,since inheriting it from his father in 2018,and has primarily had military responsibilities within the Taliban.
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Zabihullah Mujahid is an Afghan official serving as the chief spokesman for the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) since 25 October 2021 and Deputy Minister of Information and Culture since 7 September 2021. He has long served as one of several spokesmen for the Taliban,the others being Suhail Shaheen and Yousef Ahmadi. Mujahid commented mainly on the Taliban's activities in eastern,northern,and central Afghanistan,while Ahmadi focused on the western and southern regions. In addition to being the government's main spokesman,Mujahid serves as a personal spokesman for Supreme Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada.
Mohammed Masoom Stanekzai is a former Minister,Chief Peace Negotiator,and chief of the National Directorate of Security (NDS) of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
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The Islamic State –Khorasan Province is a regional branch of the Salafi jihadist group Islamic State active in South-Central Asia,primarily Afghanistan and Pakistan. ISIS–K seeks to destabilize,overthrow,and supplant existing governments in the historic Khorasan region with the goal of creating a Caliphate in South and Central Asia,governed by a strict interpretation of Islamic sharia law,which they plan to expand beyond the region.
On 21 January 2019,in central Afghanistan,the Taliban attacked a military compound in Maidan Shar,killing officers of the Afghan National Directorate of Security. The Taliban attacked while engaging in the process of negotiating a truce with the United States. The attack began when an explosives-laden car rammed through a military checkpoint and onto the grounds of the compound,where the vehicle detonated. After the explosion,two gunmen entered the base and opened fire on Afghan soldiers,before the two were shot down. A senior official in the Afghan defense ministry said that 126 people were killed in the explosion. The Taliban claimed responsibility and stated that over 190 people were killed in the attack. The Afghan National Directorate of Security (NDS) reported that 36 military personnel were killed in the attack. Afghan president,Ashraf Ghani condemned the attack and said that the 'Afghan intelligence agency personnel were target of the attack'.
The Islamic State–Taliban conflict is an ongoing armed conflict between the Islamic State and the Taliban in Afghanistan. The conflict escalated when militants who were affiliated with Islamic State –Khorasan Province killed Abdul Ghani,a senior Taliban commander in Logar province on 2 February 2015. Since then,the Taliban and IS-KP have engaged in clashes over the control of territory,mostly in eastern Afghanistan,but clashes have also occurred between the Taliban and IS-KP cells which are located in the north-west and south-west.
General Mohammad Yasin Zia,is an Afghan military officer and politician. He is a former Chief of General Staff,former Deputy Defense Minister,and former governor of Takhar Province,Afghanistan. Zia has also served as head of Afghanistan's counter terrorism unit (2011) and as the deputy director of the National Directorate of Security (2011–2015). In 2022,he was reported to be one of the leaders of the anti-Taliban Afghanistan Freedom Front resistance movement.
On 15 August 2021,Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul was captured by the Taliban after a major insurgent offensive that began in May 2021. It was the final action of the War in Afghanistan,and marked a total victory for the Taliban. This led to the overthrowing of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under President Ashraf Ghani and the reinstatement of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under the control of the Taliban.
Hasib Qoway Markaz is an Afghan military commander and one of the senior commanders of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan. He is one of the key commanders under the command of Ahmad Massoud and one of the most prominent anti-Taliban figures. He is now in charge of the special forces of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan in Panjshir province.
Din Mohammad Jurat is a politician and military general from Afghanistan. He served at several senior position in Afghanistan Government. He was a well known commanders under the role of Ahmad Shah Massoud. He also led a political movement named Protection of the value of Jihad and resistance. He served as Deputy minister of border and tribal affairs ministry in Karzai's period. after that,he was appointed as Head of intelligence service of the Ministry of Interior affairs. He supported Ashraf Ghani at 2014 election,Later in 2018,he was appointed as vice of the National security council. He served also as president's senior adviser.And in 2021,after that Taliban came to power,he is one of the founders of the National Resistance Council to save the people of Afghanistan,and he is currently one of the leaders of this council.(A.H.J))
References
- ↑ https://kcsi.uk/members/ahmad-zia-saraj
- ↑ "Ahmad Zia Saraj Introduced As Acting NDS Chief".
- ↑ "Ahmad Zia Saraj as visitor professor in king's collage london".
- ↑ "Ahmad Zia Saraj nominated as NDS General Director".
- ↑ "Ahmad Zia Saraj approved by national assembly by 220 votes".
- ↑ "Afghan spy agency says it kills Taliban mastermind of deadly attack".
- ↑ "Deash mastermind of deadly Kabul attacks nabbed: NDS".
- ↑ "Death toll rises after Kabul bomb near German Embassy".
- ↑ "Mastermind' behind Kabul University attack arrested".
- ↑ "Afghan forces announce arrest of local ISIL leader".
- ↑ "MORE THAN 400 ISIS-K FIGHTERS INCLUDING FOREIGNERS WERE DETAINED OR SURRENDERED TO NDS".
- ↑ "Taliban's Shadow District Governor Arrested By NDS In Kabul".
- ↑ "NDS arrests Taliban's shadow district governor with 7 companions in Nangarhar".