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A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a locus that correlates with variation of a quantitative trait in the phenotype of a population of organisms. QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers correlate with an observed trait. This is often an early step in identifying the actual genes that cause the trait variation.
The Monell Chemical Senses Center is a non-profit independent scientific institute located at the University City Science Center campus in Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania. Monell conducts and publishes interdisciplinary basic research on taste, smell, and chemesthesis.
Taste receptor 2 member 38 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R38 gene. TAS2R38 is a bitter taste receptor; varying genotypes of TAS2R38 influence the ability to taste both 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Though it has often been proposed that varying taste receptor genotypes could influence tasting ability, TAS2R38 is one of the few taste receptors shown to have this function.
Danielle Renee Reed is an American geneticist employed at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is most notable for her papers regarding genetic variation in taste and obesity in mice and humans.
Dr. Gary K. Beauchamp was the director and president of the Monell Chemical Senses Center from August 1990 to September 2014.
Bruce Alan Beutler is an American immunologist and geneticist. Together with Jules A. Hoffmann, he received one-half of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for "discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity." Beutler discovered the long-elusive receptor for lipopolysaccharide. He did so by identifying spontaneous mutations in the gene coding for mouse Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) in two unrelated strains of LPS-refractory mice and proving they were responsible for that phenotype. Subsequently, and chiefly through the work of Shizuo Akira, other TLRs were shown to detect signature molecules of most infectious microbes, in each case triggering an innate immune response.
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Taste receptor type 1 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R3 gene. The TAS1R3 gene encodes the human homolog of mouse Sac taste receptor, a major determinant of differences between sweet-sensitive and -insensitive mouse strains in their responsiveness to sucrose, saccharin, and other sweeteners.
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Dr. Michael G. Tordoff is a psychobiologist working at the Monell Chemical Senses Center. His research deals with the genetics and physiology of taste and nutrition. His early work addressed (a) how and what animals learn about the value of their food, (b) how artificial sweeteners influence appetite and body weight, (c) how salt intake is regulated, and (d) how dietary calcium influences salt intake. Recently, he has been investigating calcium taste and appetite. He is the primary proponent of the notion that calcium is a basic taste, equivalent to sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are genomic loci that explain variation in expression levels of mRNAs.
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Sagiv Shifman is an Israeli scientist, professor in the field of neurogenetics at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He holds the Arnold and Bess Zeldich Ungerman chair in Neurobiology.
References
- ↑ Bachmanov, Alexander A.; Li, Xia; Reed, Danielle R.; Ohmen, Jeffery D.; Li, Shanru; Chen, Zhenyu; Tordoff, Michael G.; de Jong, Pieter J.; Wu, Chenyan (2001). "Positional cloning of the mouse saccharin preference (Sac) locus". Chemical Senses. 26 (7): 925–933. doi:10.1093/chemse/26.7.925. ISSN 0379-864X. PMC 3644801 . PMID 11555487.
- ↑ Bachmanov, A. A.; Reed, D. R.; Tordoff, M. G.; Price, R. A.; Beauchamp, G. K. (1996). "Intake of Ethanol, Sodium Chloride, Sucrose, Citric Acid, and Quinine Hydrochloride Solutions by Mice: A Genetic Analysis". Behavior Genetics. 26 (6): 563–573. doi:10.1007/bf02361229. ISSN 0001-8244. PMC 3661408 . PMID 8990535.
- ↑ Bachmanov, Alexander A.; Reed, Danielle R.; Li, Xia; Li, Shanru; Beauchamp, Gary K.; Tordoff, Michael G. (2002). "Voluntary ethanol consumption by mice: genome-wide analysis of quantitative trait loci and their interactions in a C57BL/6ByJ x 129P3/J F2 intercross". Genome Research. 12 (8): 1257–1268. doi:10.1101/gr.129702. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 186641 . PMID 12176933.
- ↑ Reed, Danielle R.; Li, Xia; McDaniel, Amanda H.; Lu, Ke; Li, Shanru; Tordoff, Michael G.; Price, R. Arlen; Bachmanov, Alexander A. (2003). "Loci on Chromosomes 2, 4, 9, and 16 for body weight, body length, and adiposity identified in a genome scan of an F2 intercross between the 129P3/J and C57BL/6ByJ mouse strains". Mammalian Genome. 14 (5): 302–313. doi:10.1007/s00335-002-2170-y. ISSN 0938-8990. PMC 1435867 . PMID 12856282.
- ↑ Reed, Danielle R.; McDaniel, Amanda H.; Li, Xia; Tordoff, Michael G.; Bachmanov, Alexander A. (2006). "Quantitative trait loci for individual adipose depot weights in C57BL/6ByJ x 129P3/J F2 mice". Mammalian Genome. 17 (11): 1065–1077. doi:10.1007/s00335-006-0054-2. ISSN 0938-8990. PMC 1702371 . PMID 17103053.
- ↑ Lin, Cailu; Theodorides, Maria L.; McDaniel, Amanda H.; Tordoff, Michael G.; Zhang, Qinmin; Li, Xia; Bosak, Natalia; Bachmanov, Alexander A.; Reed, Danielle R. (2013). "QTL Analysis of Dietary Obesity in C57BL/6byj X 129P3/J F2 Mice: Diet- and Sex-Dependent Effects". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e68776. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...868776L. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068776 . ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3726688 . PMID 23922663.
- ↑ Sukumaran, Sunil K.; Lewandowski, Brian C.; Qin, Yumei; Kotha, Ramana; Bachmanov, Alexander A.; Margolskee, Robert F. (2017). "Whole transcriptome profiling of taste bud cells". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 7595. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.7595S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07746-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5548921 . PMID 28790351.
- ↑ Nelson, Theodore M.; LopezJimenez, Nelson D.; Tessarollo, Lino; Inoue, Masashi; Bachmanov, Alexander A.; Sullivan, Susan L. (2010). "Taste Function in Mice with a Targeted Mutation of the Pkd1l3 Gene". Chemical Senses. 35 (7): 565–577. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjq070. ISSN 0379-864X. PMC 2924428 . PMID 20605874.
