Axiom Orbital Segment

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Axiom Station
Axiom modules connected to ISS.jpg
Artist's rendering of concept design for Axiom Station berthed at the forward port of Harmony
Station statistics
Launch 2026 (planned)
Carrier rocket Undecided
Launch pad Undecided
Mission statusUnder construction [1]

Axiom Orbital Segment or Axiom Segment (or AxS) are the planned modular components of the International Space Station (ISS) designed by Houston, Texas based Axiom Space for commercial space activities. Axiom Space gained initial NASA approval for the venture in January 2020. Axiom Space was later awarded the contract by NASA on February 28, 2020. [2] This orbital station will be separated from the ISS to become a modular space station, Axiom Station, after the ISS is decommissioned.

Contents

External image
Searchtool.svg Axiom Station modules infographic

Axiom Segment

At least four Axiom modules will attach to the International Space Station. The first module is scheduled to be launched in late 2026 [3] and would dock to the forward port of the ISS module Harmony, requiring relocation of the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) to any other ports on ISS, such as Harmony nadir. Axiom Space plans to attach at least three additional modules to its first core module, and send private astronauts to inhabit the modules. [4]

Axiom renderings illustrate how the four modules might attach to the ISS as they are berthed and relocated by the Mobile Servicing System using the robotic arm Canadarm2. [5] [6]

Axiom Station

The company released preliminary plans in February 2020 for how the Axiom Orbital Segment could form the basis for the Axiom Station, a potential future space station, constructed out of the Axiom Segment and additional elements upon ISS retirement and separation, including a power and thermal module with an airlock. [7] [ non-primary source needed ] The company plans to launch its first module to the ISS in 2026, [3] with the second, third and fourth launching in consecutive years afterward. [8] [9] [10]

The interior concept of the crew quarters of Axiom Orbital Segment was designed by French architect and designer Philippe Starck. Renderings of the habitat show a chamber with walls that are covered with tufted padding and studded with hundreds of color-changing LEDs. [11] The Axiom Orbital Segment will have amenities including high-speed Wi-Fi, video screens, picture windows and a glass-walled cupola – which Axiom calls "the largest window observatory ever constructed for the space environment". [12]

Each Axiom Station module is an independent spacecraft equipped with all the systems needed to maneuver in orbit – propulsion among them. [13]

Planned modules

AxH1

Axiom's first module, Hab One, is expected to launch in late 2026. [3] It will provide quarters for four crew members and volume to accommodate research and manufacturing applications. Each personal crew quarter is equipped with a large Earth-viewing window and touch-screen communications panel. A docking adapter allows visiting vehicles to dock to the Axiom Station; four radial ports on the Hub provide for the addition of future modules and increase the station's docking capability. [14] [15] It will have propulsion, guidance, navigation and station control systems. The first windowed pressurized module is approximately 11 meters long and 4.2 meters in diameter at the widest part. [10]

AxSEE-1

External image
Searchtool.svg Animation of docked and inflated AxSEE-1.

Axiom Space plans to manufacture the SEE-1 module for the British company Space Entertainment Enterprise (or S.E.E.). [16] [17] It is planned to be a six meter spherical inflatable module [18] and to fulfill the purpose of a first entertainment studio in space. SEE-1 is expected to launch after AxH1 arrives at the ISS. [19]

The directors of SEE, Dmitry Lesnevsky and Elena Lesnevsky, have additionally been pursuing film shootings for a future movie with Tom Cruise at the station. [18]

AxH2

Axiom's Hab Two module is expected to launch no earlier than 2027. [3] [8] It will provide quarters for an additional four crew members allowing the station to support up to eight crew. [14] [15] It provides complete ECLSS support, commercial high data satellite communications and a Canadarm 3 styled Remote manipulator system for the Axiom Station. [20]

AxRMF

Axiom's Research & Manufacturing Facility module is expected to launch in the late 2020s. [14] [15] It provides access to the unique microgravity environment as a platform to conduct innovative research, product development, process improvement, and manufacturing. [21]

AxEO

Axiom Earth Observatory interior. Scheduled to be launched in the late 2020s. Axiom Earth Observatory interior.jpg
Axiom Earth Observatory interior. Scheduled to be launched in the late 2020s.

Axiom's Earth Observatory is expected to be a glass-walled cupola planned to launch in the late 2020s. [15] [14]

AxPT

Axiom's Power Thermal module is planned to provide power and thermal capacity equivalent to that of the ISS via solar array to support the station so that Axiom Station will be self-supporting once it disconnects from the ISS. It is expected to launch in the late 2020s. [15] [14] Until AxPT is launched, Axiom Station will be relying on the ISS to help provide power. AxPT also adds EVA capability to the station. [21]

AxPLM

The Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLM) is planned to be modified and installed on Axiom Station after the ISS is decommissioned. [22]

Construction

Manufacturing

Axiom Space signed a contract with Thales Alenia Space for Thales Alenia to manufacture and test the primary structure and the Micrometeoroid & Debris Protection System (or MDPS) for both AxH1 and AxH2. [23] Thales Alenia Space is in the process of machining the primary structure of AxH1. With the completion of the Manufacturing Readiness Review on September 21, 2021, Thales Alenia began welding the cone panels of AxH1. The primary structure for AxH1 is expected to be delivered from Italy to Houston, Texas in early 2023 where Axiom Space will complete assembly and integration of all systems before launch. [10]

Assembly

There have been no announcements as to which rocket will carry the AxS modules into Low Earth orbit. The first module, AxH1, is planned to attach to the forward port of Harmony. [2] The SEE-1 module is planned to berth on one of the radial ports of AxH1. AxH2 will then berth on the forward port of AxH1. AxPT is planned to berth on the Zenith port of either AxH1 or AxH2. [5] As Axiom Station is a modular space station, the modules may be moved to different ports as needed.

Purpose

Scientific research

Axiom Station is planned to have a lab module, AxRMF, to provide opportunities for Low Earth orbit research and manufacturing.

Commercial station

Axiom Station is also planned to have space for general commercial use, such as the SEE-1 entertainment module.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Space station</span> Habitat and station in outer space

A space station is a spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in outer space for an extended period of time and is therefore a type of space habitat. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. An orbital station or an orbital space station is an artificial satellite. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies. The purpose of maintaining an orbital outpost varies depending on the program. Space stations have most often been launched for scientific purposes, but military launches have also occurred.

<i>Cupola</i> (ISS module) Observation module of the International Space Station

The Cupola is an ESA-built observatory module of the International Space Station (ISS). Its name derives from the Italian word cupola, which means "dome". Its seven windows are used to conduct experiments, dockings and observations of Earth. It was launched aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour's mission STS-130 on 8 February 2010, and attached to the Tranquility module. With the Cupola attached, ISS assembly reached 85 percent completion. The Cupola's central window has a diameter of 80 cm (31 in).

Bigelow Aerospace was an American space design and manufacturing company which closed its doors in 2020. It was an aeronautics and outer space technology company which manufactured and developed expandable space station modules. Bigelow Aerospace was founded by Robert Bigelow in 1998, and was based in North Las Vegas, Nevada. It was funded in large part by the profit Bigelow gained through his ownership of the hotel chain, Budget Suites of America.

<i>Tranquility</i> (ISS module) American module of the International Space Station

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assembly of the International Space Station</span> Process of assembling the International Space Station

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cygnus (spacecraft)</span> Uncrewed cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences

Cygnus is an expendable American cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation but manufactured and launched by Northrop Grumman Space Systems as part of NASA's Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) program. It is usually launched by Northrop Grumman's Antares rocket from the Wallops Flight Facility, although three flights were on ULA's Atlas V and three are planned for SpaceX's Falcon 9, in both cases launching from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. It transports supplies to the International Space Station (ISS) following the retirement of the American Space Shuttle. Since August 2000, ISS resupply missions have been regularly flown by the Russian Progress spacecraft, as well as by the European Automated Transfer Vehicle, and the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle. With the Cygnus spacecraft and the SpaceX Dragon, NASA seeks to increase its partnerships with domestic commercial aviation and aeronautics industry.

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References

  1. ↑ "A step closer to the Axiom Commercial Space Station". Thales Group. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  2. 1 2 Northon, Karen (27 January 2020). "NASA Selects First Commercial Destination Module for Space Station". NASA. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Foust, Jeff (13 December 2023). "SpaceX yet to select launch pad for next Axiom Space private astronaut mission". SpaceNews . Retrieved 13 December 2023. Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced.
  4. ↑ "NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station module". SpaceNews. 28 January 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  5. 1 2 "Assembly Sequence: Watch the Axiom Segment of the ISS constructed module-by-module". Axiom Space. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  6. ↑ "A Private Space Station Might Be Born From the ISS". seeker.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  7. ↑ "Axiom Commercial Space Station". Axiom Space. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  8. 1 2 Foust, Jeff (14 October 2022). "Commercial space station developers seek clarity on regulations". SpaceNews . Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  9. ↑ Corbett, Tobias (28 January 2020). "NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station segment". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 "A step closer to the Axiom Commercial Space Station". Thales Group. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  11. ↑ "French designer creates womblike habitat for space tourists". NBC News. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  12. ↑ Corbett, Tobias (27 January 2020). "NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station segment". NASASpaceFlight.com.
  13. ↑ @Axiom_Space (31 August 2021). "Each Axiom Station module is an independent spacecraft equipped with all the systems needed to maneuver in orbit – propulsion among them. Progress on the thrusters, developed in-house, continues apace with this test unit undergoing new and progressively longer hotfire cycles" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "Axiom Commercial Space Station". Axiom Space. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "News & Media". Axiom Space. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  16. ↑ "Press – Space Entertainment Enterprise". www.seespacearena.com. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  17. ↑ "SEE - Space Entertainment Enterprise". www.seespacearena.com. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  18. 1 2 "Bigelow Aerospace transfers BEAM space station module to NASA". SpaceNews. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  19. ↑ "RELEASE – Axiom selected to build inflatable microgravity media venue". Axiom Space. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  20. ↑ Boucher, Marc (4 May 2022). "Canadarm3 technology to be included on Axiom commercial space station". SpaceQ. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  21. 1 2 "Axiom Space Builds World's First Commercial Space Station" . Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  22. ↑ Leinfelder, Andrea (27 April 2023). "NASA's Super Guppy delivers space shuttle module for reuse on Axiom Space's commercial station". Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  23. ↑ "Thales Alenia Space to provide the first two pressurized modules for Axiom Space Station". Thales Group. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
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