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References
- ↑ The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, ed.Touraj Daryaee, (Oxford University Press, 2012), 178;"A Parthian counteroffensive defeated them in the battle of Nisibis"
- 1 2 Rawlinson, Ch. XXI
- ↑ Herodian, IV.10.1-2
- ↑ Herodian, IV.11.1-2
- ↑ Herodian, IV.11.5-7
- ↑ Herodian, IV.13
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book LXXIX.26
- ↑ Herodian, IV.15.1
- ↑ Herodian, IV.15.2-3
- ↑ Herodian refers only to a deep formation, but it is possible that the Romans were formed up in some sort of triple line. On the triplex acies in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, see M.P. Speidel, The Framework of an Imperial Legion (Cardiff 1992).
- ↑ Herodian, IV.15.4
- ↑ It is noteworthy that this tactic had been recommended by Cassius to Crassus against the Parthians at Carrhae, but Crassus did not follow it. Cowan, Roman Battle Tactics, p. 20
- ↑ Herodian, IV.15.5
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book LXXIX.27
- ↑ Herodian, IV.15.7-8