Bendahara Sakam بندهار ساكم | |||||||||
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Pengiran Bendahara | |||||||||
Born | Raja Sakam | ||||||||
Burial | |||||||||
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House | Bolkiah | ||||||||
Father | Sultan Abdul Kahar | ||||||||
Mother | Raja Bajau | ||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Raja Sakam (Jawi: راج ساکم) or commonly referred to by his title Bendahara Sakam (بندهار ساکم), was the son of the Sultan Abdul Kahar by his Sabah wife, Raja Bajau. [1] [2] He is a peculiar folk hero in certain respects. [3] His name was consistently spelled Bendahara Saqkam in the manuscript, Silsilah raja-raja Brunei. [4]
Raja Sakam was the descended of prominent lineages, including Datu Lakandula, Raja Sulaiman, and Raja Matanda of Manila. [5]
Pengiram Seri Ratna's daughter is said to have boldly abducted by him from her marriage to Pengiran Seri Lela's son, and brought her to his home. Sultan Saiful Rijal consented to punishing him when the enraged pengirans brought the issue before him. [6] Despite being banished and humiliated, he returned back to Brunei to help his brother, Sultan Saiful Rijal's government. [7] Raja Sakam's licentious nature was noted to be likely the cause of this reign's problems. [8]
Bendahara Sakam's historical significance extends to his involvement in repelling the Spanish attack on Brunei during the Castilian War of 1578, in collaboration with Orang Kaya Tiger Padang and a contingent of 1,000 warriors. [9] [10] He was given command of Brunei's army to subjugate the territory lying between Sabah and Luzon. [11] This event marked a critical juncture in Brunei's history, as it faced external threats from European colonial powers. His leadership, strategic acumen, and his collaborative defense effort demonstrated his dedication to safeguarding his homeland. Additionally, for preparation for the Castilian War of 1578, they made fortifications in Kampong Pintu Malim and named it "Pulau Ambok." [12] [13] [14] Pengiran Bendahara Sakam successfully forced the occupiers to depart after organizing Bruneian forces and leading 1,000 warriors against them. [15]
These days, the Castille War recounts the heroic deeds and tenacity of the Bruneian people, under the leadership of Pengiran Bendahara Sakam, in protecting their country from outside threats. [16]
Omar Ali Saifuddin II was the 23rd Sultan of Brunei. During his reign, Western powers such as the United Kingdom and the United States visited the country. His reign saw the British adventurer James Brooke becoming the White Rajah of Sarawak.
Omar Ali Saifuddin I ibni Muhammad Alauddin, also known as Al-Marhum Makam Besar, was the 18th Sultan of Brunei and the second son of Sultan Muhammad Alauddin. He was regarded as one of the longest-serving sultans and was renowned for his wise leadership and just rule, merely following his father-in-law, Sultan Hussin Kamaluddin. In fact, he received helpful knowledge, counsel, and experience from his father-in-law when he was still alive during his reigning period.
Muhammad Jamalul Alam II was the 26th Sultan of Brunei from 1906 until his death in 1924. His reign aimed to encourage new developments in agriculture, medicine, and education. Additionally, he also encouraged learning Islam and built a mosque despite the country's lack of revenue. During World War II, the mosque was destroyed due to the intense shelling and fighting within the towns in Brunei. His reign also oversaw Brunei during its most impoverished state.
Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage.
Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin was the 25th Sultan of Brunei from 1885 to 1906.
Muhammad Shah established the Sultanate of Brunei and was its first sultan, from 1368 to his death in 1402. The genealogy of Muhammad Shah remains unclear. He converted to Islam in the 14th century and assumed the name Sultan Muhammad Shah. Subsequent sovereigns of Brunei, governed by a Muslim administration, were referred to as sultans.
The Castilian War, also called the Spanish Expedition to Borneo, was a conflict between the Spanish Empire and several Muslim states in Southeast Asia, including the Sultanates of Brunei, Sulu, and Maguindanao. It is also considered as part of the Ottoman-Habsburg War, and that war is the beginning of relations between Ottoman and Brunei in 1560 to 1578.
Abdul Kahar Jalilul Alam ibni Bolkiah Shah Alam, posthumously known as Marhum Keramat, was the seventh Sultan of Brunei. He was reputed to possess supernatural abilities and be a devout man (berkeramat). He reigned from 1524 until stepping down from the throne in 1530 to allow his nephew and adopted-son Saiful Rijal to become Sultan. Additionally, he was known as Siripada by Antonio Pigafetta in 1521.
Saiful Rijal ibni Abdul Kahar, also spelled Saiful Rehal and Saiful Rizal, was the eighth Sultan of Brunei and reigned from 1533 to 1581. He was succeeded by his eldest son Shah Berunai.
Sulaiman al-Qanuni ibni Sharif Ali, also known as Senior King and Adipati Agung, was the fifth Sultan of Brunei, according to Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai. He succeeded his father in 1432 and ruled until his abdication in 1485, to allow his son Bolkiah to become Sultan.
Muhyiddin ibni Abdul Jalilul Akbar was the 15th Sultan of Brunei and the fourth son of Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar. He took the throne after defeating his opponent, Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin during the Brunei Civil War. Notably, he also attempted to return the throne back to the origin bloodline via Sultan Muhammad Ali's family.
Muhammad Hasan ibni Saiful Rijal Nurul Alam, also known as Marhum di Tanjung, was the tenth Sultan of Brunei from 1582 to 1598. Under him, the Bruneian Empire had apparently full control of the island of Borneo and Northern Philippines, including Sulu.
Muhammad Ali ibni Muhammad Hasan, also known as Marhum Tumbang Di Rumput, was the 13th Sultan of Brunei. His murder would later go on to spark the beginning of the Brunei Civil War between his killer and Sultan Muhyiddin, which a protracted civil war of succession that broke out and lasted for several years.
Abdul Hakkul Mubin ibni Muhammad Panjang, also known as Abdul Mubin or Al-Marhum di Pulau, was the 14th Sultan of Brunei. He was involved in the Brunei Civil War and ruled the sultanate from 1661 to 1673, after killing his uncle, Sultan Muhammad Ali.
Abdul Jalilul Akbar ibnu Muhammad Hasan, also known as Marhum Tua, was the eleventh Sultan of Brunei. Reigning for 61 years from 1598 until 1659, Abdul Jalilul Akbar is the longest reigning Sultan of Brunei to date.
Sultan Ibrahim Ali Omar Shah Ibni Sultan Muhammad Hassan Ibni Sultan Saiful Rijal Ibni Sultan Abdul Kahar Ibni Sultan Bolkiah Ibni Sultan Sulaiman Ibni Sultan Sharif Ali Barakat, also known as Sultan Tengah Manga. He was born with the title of Pengiran Raja Tengah and was the first and only ruler of the Sultanate of Sarawak.
Pengiran Muhammad Yusuf bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim CBE, pen name Yura Halim, was a Bruneian nobleman, politician, civil servant, diplomat, and writer. He served as the Chief Minister of Brunei from 1967 to 1972. He wrote the lyrics for Brunei's national anthem, "Allah Peliharakan Sultan," in 1947. The song was adopted as the country's official national anthem in 1951, when it was still a British protectorate. He was longtime member of the Legislative Council of Brunei, serving on the council until his death in 2016.
Cermin Island is an islet at the mouth of Brunei River in the Mukim Kota Batu, Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. During the Brunei Civil War, a battle unfolded on the island and it's sometimes referred to as the Peperangan Pulau Cermin. A proposal for an 5 hectares protection status to be implemented on the island. The island is home to sundry vegetation and swamp forests.
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