Christopher Macosko

Last updated
Christopher Ward Macosko
BornJune 14, 1944
United States
Nationality American
Alma mater Carnegie-Mellon University
Imperial College, London
Princeton University
Known forPolymer Rheology
Melt Processing
Nanocomposites
AwardsCharles A. Stine Award, 1988
Pall Award, 1997
National Academy of Engineering (2001)
Bingham Medal, 2004
Charles Goodyear Medal, 2023
Scientific career
Fields Chemical Engineer, Materials Science
Institutions University of Minnesota
Doctoral advisor Bryce Maxwell
External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg “CEMS UMN - Chris Macosko's "Last Lecture"” “Analyzing Molecular Weight Distribution w/ Rheology”

Christopher Ward Macosko (1944) is an American chemical engineer and professor emeritus in the department of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota. He is internationally known for his work in polymer science and engineering, [1] especially in the areas of rheology and polymer processing. Macosko is an author of more than 500 academic papers, dozens of patents, and two books including the text: "Rheology: Principles, Measurements and Applications" (Wiley/VCH, 1994). [2] He served as director of the Industrial Partnership for Research in Interfacial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME), a university-industry consortium at the University of Minnesota, from 1999 to 2018. [3] Macosko and his wife Kathleen have been married since 1967 and are long-time residents of Minneapolis. They have four children and 12 grandchildren.

Contents

Early life and education

Macosko received a B.S. degree in chemical engineering in 1966 from Carnegie-Mellon University. He then spent one year at Imperial College, London and obtained an M.S. degree in chemical engineering in 1967. [4] Macosko earned his Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering in 1970 from Princeton University, where he worked under the supervision of Bryce Maxwell. His thesis work included the design of a new less-compliant rheometer. Macosko and a fellow graduate student, Joe Starita, co-founded the company Rheometrics, whose instruments have significantly advanced the field of rheology. [5] The company is now part of TA Instruments, a world-leading manufacturer of rheological devices.

Research at Minnesota

In 1970, Macosko joined the University of Minnesota and become one of the first assistant professors in the then newly combined department of chemical engineering and materials science. His research on polymers served as a bridge between the two disciplines, and his leadership helped attract other faculty in this area and contributed to the international reputation in polymers at the University of Minnesota. Macosko's research was centered around polymer processing, with special emphasis on the structure-function relation between polymer morphology and the associated rheological, mechanical, electronic, and other physical properties. [6] He made significant contributions toward understanding the rheology of polymer materials, such as the characterization of network formation during gelation, the elasticity of foams, interfacial area generation in reactive blends, and the viscoelastic character of polymer composites. Macosko's research has addressed a broad range of polymer processing operations including reaction injection molding, extrusion, melt blowing, and coating. His current research interests include network polymerization, nanoparticle reinforced polymer composites, interfacial reaction during polymer blending, and polymerization with phase separation. [7] Macosko has taught short courses for many years on rheological measurements that have attracted industrial interest.

Awards, honors, and professional service

As of December 2017, Macosko has graduated over 100 Ph.D. students, and has supervised more than 50 postdoctoral researchers. Many of his students and postdocs have become faculty members at major research universities across the world (e.g., Julio Ottino [8] at Northwestern University). Macosko was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2001 for the invention, development, and dissemination of new methods of reactive polymer processing and rheological property measurement. [9] He was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2007 for "pioneering work on the rheology, compatibilization, processing, and properties of polymer blends." [10] He was awarded the Bingham Medal by the Society of Rheology in 2004. He has also received Charles M. A. Stine Award (now called the Braskem Award) in Materials Engineering and Sciences from American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 1988 [11] at Northwestern University. In addition, Macosko has received numerous awards including the Pall Award for Applied Polymer Research in 1997, the Banbury Award from American Chemical Society in 2006, the International Award from the Society of Polymer Science Japan (SPSJ) in 2008, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Conference on Advanced Molding Technology and Materials Processing in 2012. He received the Charles Goodyear Medal from the ACS Rubber Division in 2023. [12] He is ranked by Academic Influence as among the thirty most influential chemical engineers in the United States. [13]

Works

Chris Macosko has authored numerous journal articles describing significant advances in polymer rheology, melt processing, and nanocomposites which includes but is not limited to:

Chris was also the author of two highly influential books:

Related Research Articles

Rheology is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid state, but also as "soft solids" or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force. Rheology is a branch of physics, and it is the science that deals with the deformation and flow of materials, both solids and liquids.

Pierre J. Carreau is a rheologist, the author of the model of Carreau fluid. He is a professor emeritus at École Polytechnique in Montreal and the founding director of CREPEC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rheometer</span> Scientific instrument used to measure fluid flow (rheology)

A rheometer is a laboratory device used to measure the way in which a viscous fluid flows in response to applied forces. It is used for those fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity and therefore require more parameters to be set and measured than is the case for a viscometer. It measures the rheology of the fluid.

Curing is a chemical process employed in polymer chemistry and process engineering that produces the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains. Even if it is strongly associated with the production of thermosetting polymers, the term "curing" can be used for all the processes where a solid product is obtained from a liquid solution, such as with PVC plastisols.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Food rheology</span> Study of the fluid mechanical properties of food

Food rheology is the study of the rheological properties of food, that is, the consistency and flow of food under tightly specified conditions. The consistency, degree of fluidity, and other mechanical properties are important in understanding how long food can be stored, how stable it will remain, and in determining food texture. The acceptability of food products to the consumer is often determined by food texture, such as how spreadable and creamy a food product is. Food rheology is important in quality control during food manufacture and processing. Food rheology terms have been noted since ancient times. In ancient Egypt, bakers judged the consistency of dough by rolling it in their hands.

Rheological weldability (RW) of thermoplastics considers the materials flow characteristics in determining the weldability of the given material. The process of welding thermal plastics requires three general steps, first is surface preparation. The second step is the application of heat and pressure to create intimate contact between the components being joined and initiate inter-molecular diffusion across the joint and the third step is cooling. RW can be used to determine the effectiveness of the second step of the process for given materials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melt blowing</span> Micro- and nanofiber fabrication method

Melt blowing is a conventional fabrication method of micro- and nanofibers where a polymer melt is extruded through small nozzles surrounded by high speed blowing gas. The randomly deposited fibers form a nonwoven sheet product applicable for filtration, sorbents, apparels and drug delivery systems. The substantial benefits of melt blowing are simplicity, high specific productivity and solvent-free operation. Choosing an appropriate combination of polymers with optimized rheological and surface properties, scientists have been able to produce melt-blown fibers with an average diameter as small as 36 nm.

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Ashish Kishore Lele is an Indian chemical engineer, rheologist and the Director of the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. He is known for his researches on micro and mesostructure of polymers and is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, and the Indian National Academy of Engineering. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 2006. He received the Infosys Prize in 2012.

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Frank Steven Bates is an American chemical engineer and materials scientist. Bates is a Regent's Professor (2007–present), a Distinguished McKnight University Professor (1996–present), and department head (1999-2014) in the department of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota, where he has been a faculty member since 1989. Prior to his appointment at the University of Minnesota, Bates was a member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1982-1989.

Horst Henning Winter is a German American chemical engineer, educator and researcher. He is a distinguished professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and was the executive editor of Rheologica Acta from 1989 to 2016, where he has served as honorary editor since 2017.

Interfacial rheology is a branch of rheology that studies the flow of matter at the interface between a gas and a liquid or at the interface between two immiscible liquids. The measurement is done while having surfactants, nanoparticles or other surface active compounds present at the interface. Unlike in bulk rheology, the deformation of the bulk phase is not of interest in interfacial rheology and its effect is aimed to be minimized. Instead, the flow of the surface active compounds is of interest..

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References

  1. ↑ "National Academy of Engineering - Christopher Macosko" . Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ↑ Macosko, Christopher W. (1994-10-27). Rheology: Principles, Measurements, and Applications. Wiley. ISBN   978-0471185758.
  3. ↑ "IPRIME - Industrial Partnership for Research in Interfacial and Materials Engineering" . Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ↑ "Chris Macosko, University of Minnesota" . Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ↑ "TA Instruments - Professor Chris Macosko" . Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ↑ "Invention Tomorrow - Christopher Macosko - Page 16" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ↑ "First MN-IP license leads to promising advances in composites". Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ↑ "Julio Ottino - Northwestern University" . Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ↑ "CSE Faculty in the National Academy of Engineering". Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ↑ "APS Fellow Archive". American Physical Society. (search on year=2007 and institution=University of Minnesota)
  11. ↑ "AIChE Stine Award (Now Braskem Award)". 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ Schunk, Andrew (27 April 2023). "ACS Rubber Division recognizes industry icons with science, tech awards". Rubber News. Crain. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  13. ↑ "Christopher Macosko". AcademicInfluence.com. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  14. ↑ Miller, D. R; MacOsko, C. W (1976). "A new derivation of postgel properties of network polymers". Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 49 (5): 1219. doi:10.5254/1.3535009.
  15. ↑ MacOsko, Christopher W; Miller, Douglas R (1976). "A new derivation of average molecular weights of nonlinear polymers". Macromolecules. 9 (2): 199–206. Bibcode:1976MaMol...9..199M. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.595.1087 . doi:10.1021/ma60050a003. PMID   1263575.
  16. ↑ Papanastasiou, A. C; Scriven, L. E; Macosko, C. W (1983). "An Integral Constitutive Equation for Mixed Flows: Viscoelastic Characterization". Journal of Rheology. 27 (4): 387. Bibcode:1983JRheo..27..387P. doi:10.1122/1.549712.
  17. ↑ Bornside, D. E; MacOsko, C. W; Scriven, L. E (1989). "Spin Coating: One-dimensional Model". Journal of Applied Physics. 66 (11): 5185. Bibcode:1989JAP....66.5185B. doi:10.1063/1.343754.
  18. ↑ Sundararaj, Uttandaraman; Macosko, C. W (1995). "Drop breakup andcoalescence in polymer blends: the effects of concentration and compatibilization". Macromolecules. 28 (8): 2647. Bibcode:1995MaMol..28.2647S. doi:10.1021/ma00112a009.
  19. ↑ Cao, Xia; James Lee, L.; Widya, Tomy; Macosko, Christopher (2005). "Polyurethane/clay nanocomposite foams: processing, structure and properties". Polymer. 46 (3): 775–783. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.028.
  20. ↑ Ellison, Christopher J.; Phatak, Alhad; Giles, David W.; Macosko, Christopher W.; Bates, Frank S. (2007). "Melt blown nanofibers: fiber diameter distributions and onset of fiber breakup". Polymer. 48 (11): 3306–3316. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.04.005.
  21. ↑ Kim, Hyunwoo; Abdala, Ahmed A; MacOsko, Christopher W (2010). "Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites". Macromolecules. 43 (16): 6515. Bibcode:2010MaMol..43.6515K. doi:10.1021/ma100572e.
  22. ↑ Macosko, Christopher W. (1994-10-27). Rheology: Principles, Measurements and Applications. Wiley. ISBN   978-0471185758.
  23. ↑ Macosko, Christopher W.; Macosko (April 1989). RIM Fundamentals of Reaction Injection Molding. Hanser Gardner Publications. ISBN   978-1569900550.
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