Convoy HX 47

Last updated

Convoy HX.47
Part of World War II
Date14/15 June 1940
Location
Belligerents
War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg Germany Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
V.Adm. Karl Dönitz Adm. B S Thesiger
Strength
2 U-boats 58 merchant ships
2 escorts
Casualties and losses
3 ships sunk

Convoy HX 47 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 47th of the numbered series of merchant convoys run by the Allies from Halifax to Liverpool. The convoy was attacked by German U-boats and lost three of its 58 ships.

Contents

Background

HX 47 was formed of two sections sailing from the Americas. The main body, of 37 ships departed Halifax on 2 June 1940 [1] with ships gathered from the US eastern seaboard; it was led by convoy commodore Adm. BS Thesiger RN in the steamship Pacific Pioneer. It was accompanied by its ocean escort, the armed merchant cruiser HMS Esperance Bay, and a local escort, a Royal Canadian Navy destroyer. Two ships dropped out early in the voyage; Randsfjord was damaged in collision with a Greek steamer and returned for repairs, and another returned to port for degaussing.

On 8 June the convoy was joined by BHX 47, 21 ships from the Caribbean and South America, that had gathered at Bermuda, departing there on 31 May escorted by the armed merchant cruiser HMS Ascania and a local escort. [2]

Ranged against HX 47 were U-boats of the German Navy's U-boat Arm (UBW), on patrol in Britain's sea lanes. The UBW had just two U-boats in Southwest Approaches, U-38 and U-47, with another, U-32, further west. [3]

Action

On 14 June HX 47’s Western Approaches escort arrived. These were the sloops HMS Sandwich, from escorting the outbound convoy OA 164, and HMS Fowey from port following a refit. During the crossing three ships had dropped out of convoy; of these, Balmoralwood, was sighted on 14 June by U-47 and sunk, 70 miles from Cape Clear Island. [4]

That evening U-38 had attacked the Greek freighter Mount Myrto, on independent passage; [5] sighting HX 47 the U-boat left the freighter in a sinking condition and stalked the convoy. Attacking after midnight of 14/15 June U-38 sank two ships, the tanker Italia [6] [7] and the freighter Erik Boye. [8] The U-boat escaped and HX 47 continued without further loss.

The main body of the convoy reached Liverpool on 17 June. [1]

Conclusion

Of the 58 ships that set out, two turned back and three were sunk. 53 ships made a safe and timely arrival. HX 47 was one of two trans-Atlantic convoys attacked during June, the other, HX 49, also losing three ships. During the month as a whole the UBW sank 63 ships in the Atlantic; most of these were unescorted vessels sailing independently. [9] June 1940 was the beginning of a marked increase in successes by the U-boat Arm, referred to by them as "The Happy Time". [10]

Ships in the convoy

Merchant ships

Convoy information is from Arnold Hague's Convoyweb [11]

Merchant ships
NameFlagTonnage (GRT) Notes
Aegeon (1919)Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece 5,285Aluminium and pulp
Andreas (1919)Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece 6,566Wheat
Anna Mazaraki (1913)Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece 5,411Grain
Annavore (1921)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 3,324Copper and General Cargo
Argos Hill (1922)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,178Steel
Ashby (1927)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,868Grain
Askeladden (1920)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 2,496Pitprops
Diverted to Portland, Maine for degaussing
Balmoralwood (1937)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,834Wheat and 4 aircraft (deck cargo)
Straggled 6 June
Sunk by U-47: 41 survivors [4] on 14 June
Beaverbrae (1928)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 9,956General cargo
Beaverhill (1928)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 10,041General cargo
Blairspey (1929)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,155Steel and timber
Boston City (1920)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 2,870General cargo
Briarwood (1930)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,019Pitprops
British Captain (1923)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,968Petrol
British Faith (1928)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,955Benzine
British Prince (1935)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,879General cargo
Cairnvalona (1918)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,929General cargo
Vice-commodore: Adm Sir A J Davies KBE CB
Capsa (1931)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8,229Crude oil
Clydebank (1925)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,156Steel and coke
Comedian (1929)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,122Cotton and lumber
Diplomat (1921)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8,240General cargo
Dornach (1939)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,186Wheat
Egda (1939)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 10,050Petrol
El Aleto (1927)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,203Crude oil
Elax (1927)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,403Fuel oil
Erik Boye (1924)Canadian Red Ensign (1921-1957).svg  Canada 2,238Grain
Sunk by U-38: 22 survivors [8]
F J Wolfe (1932)Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 12,190Crude oil
Ferncastle (1936)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,940Fuel oil
Georgios G (1918)Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece 4,289General cargo
Georgios Potamianos (1913)Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece 4,044General cargo
Germanic (1936)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,352Grain
Harborough (1932)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,415Grain
Hartbridge (1927)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,080Wheat
Hellen (1921)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 5,289Scrap iron
Hoyanger (1926)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 4,624Pulp and lumber
Italia (1939)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,97313,000 tons aviation spirit
Sunk by U-38: 19 dead, 16 survivors [6]
Kenbane Head (1919)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,225General cargo
Loke (1915)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 2,421Copper
Manchester Citizen (1925)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,343General cargo
Masunda (1929)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,250Iron ore
Nailsea Manor (1937)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,926Grain
Northumberland (1915)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 11,558General cargo
Octavian (1938)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 1,345Wood pulp
Pacific Pioneer (1928)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,734General cargo
Convoy Commodore: Adm Sir B S Thesiger KBE CB CMG
Randsfjord (1937)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 3,999Wheat and general cargo
Collision with Georgios Potamianos, returned to port
Regent Panther (1937)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 9,556Petrol
Saimaa (1922)Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 2,001General cargo
Salacia (1937)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,495Lumber
San Adolfo (1935)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,365Fuel Furnace Oil (FFO)
Saturnus (1940)Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 9,965Petrol
Southgate (1926)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,862Steel and timber
Storanger (1930)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,223Fuel oil
Temple Inn (1940)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,218Sugar
Theodoros Coumantaros (1917)Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece 5,709Sugar; straggled 11 June
Thiara (1939)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 10,364Fuel and lub oil
Ulysses (1918)Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 2,666General cargo
Vinemoor (1924)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,359Wheat and lumber
Zurichmoor (1925)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,455Steel and timber; straggled 6 June

Escort

Escort information is from Arnold Hague's Convoyweb [12]

NameFlagShip TypeNotes
Escorts
HMS AscaniaNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Armed merchant cruiser Ocean Escort: 31 May-8 June
HMS Esperance BayNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Armed merchant cruiserOcean Escort: 2–15 June
HMS Fowey Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Shoreham-class sloop Western Approaches Escort: 14–17 June
HMS Penzance Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Hastings-class sloop Bermuda Local Escort: 31 May - ?
HMCS Saguenay Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Canadian Navy Canadian River-class destroyer Halifax Local Escort: 2–3 June
HMS Sandwich Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Bridgewater-class sloop Western Approaches Escort: 14–17 June

Axis forces

U-boat information is from Guðmundur Helgason's uboat.net [13]

NumberTypeNavyContact dateNotes
U-38 IXA Kriegsmarine 14 June 1940sank Italia, Erik Boye
U-47 VIIB Kriegsmarine no contactsank straggler Balmoralwood 14 June 1940

Related Research Articles

HX 79 was an Allied North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II.

OB 293 was a North Atlantic convoy which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was notable for seeing the loss to the Kriegsmarine (KM) of U-47, with her commander KL Günther Prien, the person responsible for the sinking of HMS Royal Oak two years previously.

Convoy SC 42 was the 42nd of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. SC 42 was attacked over a three night period in September 1941, losing 16 ships sunk and 4 damaged. This was the worst Allied loss following the attack on convoy SC 7 the previous year. Two attacking U-boats were destroyed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convoy SC 104</span> Convoy during naval battles of the Second World War

Convoy SC 104 was the 104th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. During October 1942, a U-boat wolf pack sank eight ships from the convoy. The convoy escorts sank two of the attacking submarines.

Convoy SL 125 was the 125th of the numbered series of World War II SL convoys of merchant ships from Sierra Leone to Liverpool. Ships carrying commodities bound to the British Isles from South America, Africa, and the Indian Ocean travelled independently to Freetown, Sierra Leone, to be convoyed for the last leg of their voyage. Thirty-seven merchant ships departed Freetown on 16 October 1942 and were joined at sea by five more.

HMS Arabis was a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Navy. The ship was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Arabis. She was transferred to the United States Navy in 1942, serving as USS Saucy. Returned to the United Kingdom in 1945, she was recommissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Snapdragon.

HX 72 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. The convoy comprised 43 ships of which 11 were sunk and another damaged by German U-boats who suffered no losses.

SC 129 was a North Atlantic convoy of the SC series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was one of several convoy battles that occurred during the crisis month of May 1943.

Convoy ON 122 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 122nd of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The ships departed Liverpool on 15 August 1942 and were joined on 17 August by Escort Group B6 of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force.

Convoy HX 126 was the 126th of the numbered series of World War II HX convoys of merchant ships from HalifaX to Liverpool.

Convoy HX 65 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 65th of the numbered series of merchant convoys run by the Allies from Halifax to Liverpool. The convoy was attacked by German U-boats and aircraft, losing eight of its 51 ships sunk and a further three damaged. One U-boat was damaged.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convoy HX 231</span>

Convoy HX 231 was the 231st of the numbered series of Second World War HX convoys of merchant ships from HalifaX to Liverpool. The ships departed New York City on 25 March 1943 and were met on 31 March by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-7. The convoy was found on 4 April and attacked by eleven U-boats of the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 10th U-boat flotillas, operating out of Brest, La Rochelle, St Nazaire and Lorient, respectively. These U-boats formed the wolfpack Löwenherz (Lionheart). The U-boats sank six ships before losing contact on 7 April. Two U-boats, U-632 and U-635, were sunk. Surviving ships from the convoy reached Liverpool on 10 April.

Convoy HG 73 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the Second World War. It was the 73rd of the numbered HG convoys Homeward bound to the British Isles from Gibraltar. The convoy departed Gibraltar on 17 September 1941 and was found on 18 September and was attacked over the next ten days. Nine ships were sunk from the convoy before the submarines exhausted their torpedo inventory on 28 September. Surviving ships reached Liverpool on 1 October.

Convoy SC 100 was a North Atlantic convoy, one of the SC series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 100th of the numbered series of slow convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. It came under attack, one of several convoy battles that occurred during the autumn and winter of 1942, losing five ships.

Convoy ON-153 was the 153rd of the numbered series of ON convoys of merchant ships Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The World War II convoy departed Liverpool on 11 December 1942 and was met on 12 December by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-7. Two merchant ships and the escort group leader were sunk in a North Atlantic battle with U-boat Wolf pack Raufbold before reaching the Western Ocean Meeting Point (WOMP) where the Western Local Escort Force assumed responsibility for the convoy on 23 December. Surviving ships reached New York City on 31 December.

Prien's wolfpack is the name given in some sources to a formation of German U-boats that operated during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It existed from 12 June to 17 June 1940.

Convoy HX 49 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 49th of the numbered series of merchant convoys run by the Allies from Halifax to Liverpool. The convoy was attacked by German U-boats, losing three of its 50 ships sunk. Another ship was lost after dispersal.

HMS <i>Hibiscus</i> (K24) Flower-class corvette

HMS Hibiscus was a Flower-class corvette, built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, and was in service in the Battle of the Atlantic. In 1942 she was transferred to the United States Navy as part of the Reverse Lend-Lease arrangement and renamed USS Spry, one of the Temptress-class gunboats. With the end of hostilities she was returned to the Royal Navy and sold into mercantile service.

HMS <i>Periwinkle</i> Flower-class corvette

HMS Periwinkle was a Flower-class corvette, built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, and was in service in the Battle of the Atlantic. In 1942 she was transferred to the United States Navy as part of the Reverse Lend-Lease arrangement and renamed USS Restless, one of the Temptress-class gunboats. With the end of hostilities she was returned to the Royal Navy and sold into mercantile service.

SS Tregarthen was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland for the Hain Steam Ship Co in 1936. She was sunk with all hands by a U-boat in 1941 in the Battle of the Atlantic.

References

  1. 1 2 Hague, , Arnold; HX 47 at convoyweb.org.uk
  2. Hague, Arnold; BHX 47 at convoyweb.org.uk
  3. U-boats on patrol, 12 June 1940 at uboat.net
  4. 1 2 "Balmoralwood – British Steam merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  5. Mount Myrto—Greek steam merchant www.uboat.net. Retrieved 22 April 2020
  6. 1 2 "Italia – Norwegian motor tanker". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  7. Blair p167
  8. 1 2 "Erik Boye – Canadian steam merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  9. Tarrant p.149
  10. Tarrant p.89
  11. "Convoy HX.47". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  12. Arnold Hague, HX Convoys at convoyweb.org.uk. Retrieved 22 April 2020
  13. U-boats attacking HX 47 www.uboat.net. Retrieved 22 April 2020

Bibliography