Cornbread Mafia

Last updated

The "Cornbread mafia" was the name for a group of Kentucky men who created the largest domestic marijuana production operation in United States history. [1] It was based in Marion, Nelson and Washington counties in central Kentucky. The term "Cornbread Mafia" was first used in public by federal prosecutors in a June 1989 press conference, where they revealed that 70 men had been arrested for organizing a marijuana trafficking ring that stretched across 30 farms in 10 states stretching from the Southeast into the Midwest. [2] The story was first reported in the Courier Journal Magazine in Louisville, Kentucky on October 8, 1989, and then in 2012 in the narrative non-fiction book The Cornbread Mafia: A Homegrown Syndicate's Code Of Silence And The Biggest Marijuana Bust In American History (2012), by James Higdon.

Contents

In his first two books,The Origins Of The Cornbread Mafia, A Memoir of Sorts (2016) [3] and Cornbread Mafia The Outlaws of Central Kentucky (2018) [4] author and founding member Joe Keith Bickett, chronicles his first-hand account as to how the term "Cornbread Mafia" was coined in Kentucky in the late 1970s. [5] and the groups ultimate downfall in the late 1980s. [6]

Bickett wrote his first two memoirs "The Origins of the Cornbread Mafia, A Memoir of Sorts" and "Cornbread Mafia, The Outlaws of Central Kentucky" while incarcerated in the 1990s but did not publish his books until several years after his release from federal prison in 2011 [7]

Origin of the name

Higdon's book reports that assistant US Attorney Cleve Gambill said at the June 1989 press conference: "The organization is a highly motivated, well financed group of marijuana growers from Kentucky who are responsible for growing this vast amount of marijuana [and who] call themselves the Cornbread Mafia.". [8] Prosecutors held this press conference to lay out their case against the "Cornbread Mafia" because of the 70 men arrested in association with it, zero of them cooperated with authorities, which thwarted a Continuing Criminal Enterprise case against the suspected ringleaders. Internal documents describe the proposed CCE prosecution as "futile" because of the group's collective silence. [9] This code of silence persisted until Higdon published his book, The Cornbread Mafia, in 2012.

Joe Keith Bickett was released from prison in 2011 after serving approximately 22 years of his 25-year sentence. In 2016, Bickett self-published a first-hand account in his 2016 memoir titled "The Origins of the Cornbread Mafia: A Memoir of Sorts", [10] [11] [12] in which he provides a first-hand account how the term Cornbread Mafia was actually coined in September 1978. [13]

Original members Joe Keith Bickett and others

The original and founding members of the Cornbread Mafia were author Joe Keith Bickett, Jimmy Bickett, Jimmy Downs (aka "Ray") and Garland Russell. [14] Bobby Joe Shewmaker, a Vietnam veteran, Johnny Boone and others would join the clandestine operation in the early 1980s. [15] The group initially operated out of Squire's Tavern in the small town of Raywick located in central Kentucky before the group spread throughout a multi-state area. [16]

Allegations

Between 1985 and 1989, 70 Kentuckians were accused of growing 182 tons of marijuana on 29 farms in 10 states, including Minnesota, [17] Illinois, Indiana, Tennessee, Michigan, Nebraska, [18] Missouri and Kansas, [19] which federal prosecutors considered to be the "largest domestic marijuana producing organization in the nation." [20] By the end of 1991, prosecutors had arrested more than 100 members of the Cornbread Mafia, mostly from Lebanon, Kentucky. [21]

According to Joe Keith Bickett's second book, Bobby Joe "Redeye" Shewmaker,the leader of the Kansas crew, was the only defendant in the group's history to be indicted on a CCE charge (Career Criminal Enterprise). [22] Jimmy Bickett and author Joe Keith Bickett, along with two codefendants, were the only defendants who proceeded to a jury trial after being indicted in March 1989 in federal court in Louisville, Kentucky on distribution of marijuana charges. [23] The cornbread mafia has been brought up in the Summer Wells disappearance case.[ citation needed ]

Prison time

In October 2022, author Joe Keith Bickett self-published his third book titled Cornbread Mafia, The Quest For Freedom, A Prisoner's Memoir. ISBN   9798437725108</ref> In his third memoir, Bickett dives deep into the murky world of federal prison as Bickett and many members of the Cornbread Mafia strive for their freedom after being convicted in various federal courts across the country as marijuana offenders. Bickett was sentenced to twenty-five years. Jimmy Bickett, Johnny Boone, "The Godfather of Grass" and Tommy Lee were each sentenced to twenty years. Bobby Joe Shewmaker was sentenced to thirty years. Many more members were sentenced to serve lesser sentences. In this third memoir, Bickett details an unforgiving and sometimes corrupt justice system while incarcerated for years in "the Belly of the Beast". [24]

Johnny Boone

The most notable member of the Cornbread Mafia was Johnny Boone, arrested in 1987 as the ringleader of a marijuana operation in Minnesota, for which he served about 15 years in prison. In June 2008, police discovered Boone growing 2,421 marijuana seedlings on his farm outside Springfield, Kentucky in Washington County, but Boone escaped arrest, under threat of a life sentence without parole because the bust would be his third federal conviction under the Three Strikes Law. Boone became a fugitive [25] and the subject of a segment of America's Most Wanted . [26] [27]

On Dec. 22, 2016, after eight years on the run, Johnny Boone was arrested in a small town outside Montreal, where he had been tracked by the U.S. Marshals Service. He was brought to the United States in April 2017. On December 19, 2017, Boone pled guilty to one count of a superseding information. [28] Boone was represented by attorneys C.Thomas Hectus, Henry Stephens and Elmer J. George. Author, Joe Keith Bickett was employed as law clerk/paralegal for Mr. George and worked as a legal aid for the attorneys on the Johnny Boone case. Contrary to the life sentences he was facing, Boone was sentenced to fifty-seven months by Chief District Court Judge, Charles Simpson, III, the same judge who sentenced the Bickett brothers, Jimmy and Joe Keith, in 1990. [29]

Boone was sentenced to serve his time at FCI Elkton, a low security federal prison in Ohio. In the midst of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the Elkton prison became notorious for being overrun with the disease. Due to health risks, Boone's attorneys requested in May 2020 he be released; which was granted on June 3. [30]

Obama clemency

President Barack Obama granted clemency to three men from Marion County, Kentucky; all were either directly or indirectly connected to the Cornbread Mafia.

In November 2011, President Obama granted a pardon to Les Berry, an original member of the alleged "Cornbread Mafia," who was caught in Wisconsin driving a get-away car with six other Kentucky men fleeing a marijuana farm in Minnesota in late October 1987. [31]

In March 2015, President Obama commuted the prison sentences of 22 drug offenders, including Francis Darrell Hayden, a Marion County native. Hayden had been serving a life prison sentence for marijuana cultivation because he was convicted three times for illegal cultivation, triggering the Three-strikes law. His last bust was in Michigan in 1998 for growing nearly 19,000 marijuana plants, after similar busts in 1980 and 1990. [32]

In December 2016, President Obama granted clemency to an additional 231 incarcerated people, including another man from Marion County: Aaron Glasscock. Glasscock was arrested as a college student in the late 1990s as part of a drug trafficking ring operated by his father. In 2000, he was sentenced to 30 years in prison, just two months shy of his pre-med degree. Glasscock's commutation was announced just a few days before Johnny Boone was captured in Canada. [33]

In January 2017, Higdon reported on these Obama clemencies of Cornbread men for Politico, suggesting that Obama could pardon Johnny Boone before he left office in "The Big Statement Obama Could Make on Legalizing Pot." [34]

For much of the 1980s, the Cornbread Mafia was reported upon by photojournalist Steve Lowery [35] of the Lebanon Enterprise, many of whose photographs are in Higdon's book. [36]

By 2007, the term "Cornbread Mafia" had come to mean general Southern-style corruption. [37] There is also a song by Molly Hatchet called Cornbread Mafia (on the Kingdom of XII album), and a now-defunct band that called itself Cornbread Mafia. [38]

In a 2015 interview with Terry Gross, Graham Yost, the creator and show runner of the FX series Justified, said, "Honestly, we didn't know a lot about the Dixie Mafia. It also goes by the name The Cornbread Mafia. But we, you know, started poking around. Frankly, probably, we started with reading Wikipedia like anyone else..." [39]

A series of unsolved murders in Bardstown, Kentucky have been incorrectly attributed to the Cornbread Mafia. [40]

In 2016 Texas singer/songwriter, Cody Jinks produced and released his album "Black Sheep" which featured a song about Johnny Boone simply titled "Johnny." In April 2018, Nashville recording artist, Sweepy Walker, the grandson of beloved Grand Ole Opry legend Billy Walker released "Cornbread Mafia" - a feel-good, good-time bar song about local legends John Boone "them Bickett boys, and too many more to mention. [41]

In June 2018, singer/songwriter Tyler Childers held a benefit concert for Johnny Boone at Gravely Brewery in Louisville, telling an interviewer from the Louisville Eccentric Observer: "I read the book [‘Cornbread Mafia’] that Jim Higdon came out with, and I got some friends from over my way that were friends with Johnny — people that I hold in high regard, and people that hold him in high regard. I figured that I would try to help in some way.” [42]

In November 2023, country music star Sticktight Akins released a music video for his hit song "Cornbread Mafia" on YouTube.

A cannabis breeder in Colorado has created a strain of marijuana called Cornbread. [43]

In 2018, Bickett and Boone, a CBD company based in Marion County became the first CBD company to produce hemp to make CBD products grown by original members of the Cornbread Mafia. Bickett and Boone not only sells CBD products but also grows the hemp to make their products on their family farms near Raywick, Kentucky which is primarily grown by original members of the Cornbread Mafia. Bickett and Boone CBD products are the only CBD products endorsed by the original members of the Cornbread Mafia, including Joe Keith Bickett and Johnny Boone. Their products are sold nation-wide and on their website, Bickett and Boone.com. Bickett and Boone prides themselves in producing a CBD product from "seed to seal." [44]

In 2019, Cornbread Mafia book author James Higdon co-founded Cornbread Hemp, which sells CBD (cannabidiol) products in retail outlets in the United States. [45] Cornbread Hemp was featured in the November 2019 print edition of High Times magazine. [46] In January 2020, Cornbread Hemp became the first brand from Kentucky to offer USDA certified organic CBD products. [47] In May 2020, Higdon was featured in a Q&A with Forbes contributor Warren Bobrow, the Cocktail Whisperer; and Cornbread Hemp products were featured in Whole Foods Magazine. [48] [49]

Further reading

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lebanon, Kentucky</span> City in Kentucky, United States

Lebanon is a home rule-class city and the county seat of Marion County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 6,274 at the 2020 census, up from 5,539 in 2010. Lebanon is located in central Kentucky, 63 miles (101 km) southeast of Louisville. A national cemetery is nearby.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hemp</span> Low-THC cannabis plant

Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants on Earth. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pagan's Motorcycle Club</span> Outlaw motorcycle club in the United States

Pagan's Motorcycle Club, or simply the Pagans, is an outlaw motorcycle club formed by Lou Dobkin in 1957 in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The club rapidly expanded and by 1959, the Pagans, originally clad in blue denim jackets and riding Triumphs, began to evolve along the lines of the stereotypical one percenter motorcycle club.

<i>Alpha Dog</i> 2006 crime drama film by Nick Cassavetes

Alpha Dog is a 2006 American crime drama film written and directed by Nick Cassavetes. It is based on the true story of the kidnapping and murder of Nicholas Markowitz in 2000. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Foster, Shawn Hatosy, Emile Hirsch, Christopher Marquette, Sharon Stone, Justin Timberlake, Anton Yelchin, and Bruce Willis.


Jonathan Miller is an American author, attorney, and former politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky who served as Secretary for the Kentucky Finance and Administration Cabinet from December 2007 to 2011. Prior to this appointment, Miller was elected statewide twice and served as Kentucky State Treasurer from 1999 to 2007, becoming the first Jew to be elected to statewide office in Kentucky history. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Miller currently is the Member-in-Charge of Frost Brown Todd in Lexington, KY, and serves as General Counsel to the U.S. Hemp Roundtable, where he has emerged as one of the leading attorneys for, and advocates of, the U.S. hemp industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rooster Run</span>

Rooster Run was a general store in Nelson County, Kentucky. Joe Evans opened the store in 1967. It was known for the baseball caps featuring its logo and the fiberglass rooster statue standing in front of the store. It has been called "one of the best-known general stores in the country and one of Kentucky's best-known unincorporated businesses". Though not an official Kentucky community, the location is on state highway maps and receives mail with the zip code of Cox's Creek. Evans used the store's notoriety in unsuccessful bids for political office.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legal history of cannabis in the United States</span>

In the United States, increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward, and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s. By the mid-1930s cannabis was regulated as a drug in every state, including 35 states that adopted the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act. The first national regulation was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.

The Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2009, introduced during the 111th United States Congress by House Republican Ron Paul of Texas) and House Democrat Barney Frank of Massachusetts) on April 2, 2009, sought to clarify the differences between marijuana and industrial hemp as well as repeal federal laws that prohibit cultivation of industrial, but only for research facilities of higher education from conducting research. Industrial hemp is the non-psychoactive, low-THC, oil-seed and fibers varieties of, predominantly, the cannabis sativa plant. Hemp is a sustainable resource that can be used to create thousands of different products including fuel, fabrics, paper, household products, and food and has been used for hundreds of centuries by civilizations around the world. If H.R.1866 passes American farmers will be permitted to compete in global hemp markets. On March 10, 2009, both Paul and Frank wrote a letter to their Congressional colleagues urging them to support the legislation. This bill was previously introduced in 2005 under the title of Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2005.

The Bonanno crime family is an Italian-American Mafia crime family and one of the "Five Families" that dominate organized crime activities in New York City, and in the United States, as part of the criminal phenomenon known as the American Mafia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States</span> Historical list in chronological order of U.S. cannabis law

The legal history of cannabis in the United States began with state-level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with Oregon in 1973, individual states began to liberalize cannabis laws through decriminalization. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical cannabis, sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, Washington and Colorado became the first states to legalize cannabis for recreational use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Idaho</span> Illegal activity

Cannabis in Idaho is fully illegal for any use, whether recreational or medical. The laws on cannabis prohibition in Idaho are among the most severe in the United States, with possession of even small amounts of it a misdemeanor crime, and no legality of medical marijuana. As of 2018, support for the legalization of medical cannabis is broadly popular in the state, while legalization of the drug recreationally remains a wedge issue. Both the state's legislature as a whole and its governor, Brad Little, remain staunchly opposed to its legalization for medicinal or recreational purposes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Kentucky</span> Legality, use and culture of cannabis in the U.S. state of Kentucky

Cannabis in Kentucky is illegal for recreational use, and legal for medical use under executive order, with full medical legalization statute taking effect in 2025. Non-psychoactive CBD oil is also legal in the state, and Kentucky has a history of cultivating industrial hemp for fiber since 1775.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Kansas</span> Legality, use and culture of cannabis in the U.S. state of Kansas

Cannabis in Kansas is fully illegal, and possession of even small amounts is a misdemeanor crime. Cannabis is only legal in Kansas in the form of THC free cannabidiol oil, also known as CBD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Texas</span> Overview of the use and culture of cannabis in Texas, U.S.

Cannabis in Texas is illegal for recreational use. Possession of up to two ounces is a class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in prison and a fine of up to $2000. Several of the state's major municipalities have enacted reforms to apply lesser penalties or limit enforcement, however.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hemp in Kentucky</span> Production and legality of hemp in the US state

Kentucky was the greatest producer of hemp in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries, when it was the source of three fourths of U.S. hemp fiber. Production started to decline after World War I due to the rise of tobacco as the cash crop in Kentucky and the foreign competition of hemp fibers and finished products. In 1970, federal policies virtually banned the production of industrial hemp during the War on Drugs saying all Cannabis sativa is a Schedule I controlled substance. Federal law under the Agricultural Act of 2014 allowed research back into hemp. Kentucky began production again with 33 acres in 2014. As of the 2016 harvest season, only two U.S. states other than Kentucky had over 100 acres (40 ha) in hemp production: Colorado and Tennessee. The first 500-acre commercial crop was planted in Harrison County in 2017, and research permits were issued for over 12,000 acres (4,900 ha) that year. The 2016 documentary Harvesting Liberty concerns the 21st century Kentucky hemp industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Japan</span> Use of cannabis in Japan

Cannabis has been cultivated in Japan since the Jōmon period of Japanese prehistory approximately six to ten thousand years ago. As one of the earliest cultivated plants in Japan, cannabis hemp was an important source of plant fiber used to produce clothing, cordage, and items for Shinto rituals, among numerous other uses. Hemp remained ubiquitous for its fabric and as a foodstuff for much of Japanese history, before cotton emerged as the country's primary fiber crop amid industrialization during the Meiji period. Following the conclusion of the Second World War and subsequent occupation of Japan, a prohibition on cannabis possession and production was enacted with the passing of the Cannabis Control Law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glossary of cannabis terms</span>

Terms related to cannabis include:

The Papalia crime family also known as Papalia 'ndrina, is a 'Ndrangheta organized crime family based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, as well as Platì in Southern Italy and Buccinasco in Northern Italy. Another branch of the family is based in Griffith, New South Wales, Australia.

The Hemp Farming Act of 2018 was a proposed law to remove hemp from Schedule I controlled substances and making it an ordinary agricultural commodity. Its provisions were incorporated in the 2018 United States farm bill that became law on December 20, 2018.

John Robert Boone is an American farmer, who was a former leader of the Cornbread Mafia in the 1980s, one of the largest domestic marijuana syndicates in American history. He has been referred to as the "Godfather of Grass".

References

  1. ↑ James Higdon, The Cornbread Mafia, Lyons Press 2012, p. x
  2. ↑ James Higdon, The Cornbread Mafia: A Homegrown Syndicate's Code Of Silence And The Biggest Marijuana Bust In American History, Lyons Press, 2012, p. 268
  3. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, The Origins of The Cornbread Mafia, A Memoir of Sorts, ISBN   9781536814446
  4. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, Cornbread Mafia The Outlaws Of Central Kentucky, ISBN   9781725563636
  5. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, The Origins of the Cornbread Mafia, A Memoir of Sorts, ISBN   9781725563636
  6. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, Cornbread Mafia The Outlaws of Central Kentucky, ISBN   9781725563636
  7. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, The Origins of The Cornbread Mafia, A Memoir of Sorts. p.5
  8. ↑ James Higdon, The Cornbread Mafia, Lyons Press, 2012, p. 268
  9. ↑ James Higdon, The Cornbread Mafia, Lyons Press, 2012, p. 263
  10. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett (August 24, 2016). The Origins of the Cornbread Mafia. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN   9781536814446.
  11. ↑ Lebanon Enterprise
  12. ↑ "WHAS 11:Great Day Live" . Retrieved 2016-12-09.
  13. ↑ Bickett, Joe Keith (24 August 2016). The origins of the Cornbread Mafia : a memoir of sorts. [Self published]. ISBN   978-1-5368-1444-6. OCLC   968131235.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, The Origins Of The Cornbread Mafia, A Memoir of Sorts, p. 167 [self published 2016], ISBN 9781536814446.
  15. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, Cornbread Mafia The Outlaws of Central Kentucky, p. 15 [self published], ISBN 9781725563636.
  16. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, The Origins of the Cornbread Mafia, A Memoir of Sorts, p.19 [self published] ISBN 9781536814446.
  17. ↑ "Pioneer Press: Search Results".
  18. ↑ "Schenectady Gazette - Google News Archive Search".
  19. ↑ "Lawrence Journal-World - Google News Archive Search".
  20. ↑ "Kentucky New Era - Google News Archive Search".
  21. ↑ "The Nevada Daily Mail - Google News Archive Search".
  22. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett, Cornbread Mafia, The Outlaws of Central Kentucky, p 230
  23. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett,Cornbread Mafia, The Outlaws of Central Kentucky, p.255
  24. ↑ Joe Keith Bickett,Cornbread Mafia, The Quest For Freedom, ISBN   9798437725108
  25. ↑ "The Springfield Sun News, Sports, Entertainment and information for Springfield, Kentucky". Lcni5.com. Archived from the original on 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  26. ↑ "Fugitives | John Boone | Case". AMW. Archived from the original on 2012-08-13. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  27. ↑ "Kentucky man to be featured on "America's Most Wanted"". Wkyt.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-25. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  28. ↑ "Cornbread Mafia leader Johnny Boone pleads guilty in federal court". The Courier Journal. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  29. ↑ The Lebanon Enterprise, Johnny Boone is Sentenced, March 21, 2018 www.lebanonenterprise.com
  30. ↑ Andrew Wolfson, Courier-Journal 'Godfather of Grass' begs for release from prison where 9 men have died from COVID-19 May 21, 2020.
  31. ↑ James Higdon Interview with James Higdon, WFPL News, December 4, 2011
  32. ↑ David Downs Obama Commutes Sentence of Prisoner Serving Life for Pot East Bay Express, April 1, 2015
  33. ↑ James Higdon The Big Statement Obama Could Make on Legalizing Pot POLITICO Magazine, January 5, 2017
  34. ↑ James Higdon The Big Statement Obama Could Make on Legalizing Pot POLITICO Magazine, January 5, 2017
  35. ↑ "Lexington Herald Leader: Search Results".
  36. ↑ James Higdon, The Cornbread Mafia, Lyons Press, 2012, p. 110
  37. ↑ "TOP STORY >>Sherwood showdown". The Arkansas Leader. 2007-03-07. Archived from the original on 2012-02-25. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  38. ↑ Text by Tim RobertsPhotos by James Moses. "Cornbread Mafia". Louisvillemusicnews.net. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  39. ↑ Terry Gross interview with Graham Yost Fresh Air, NPR, March 26, 2015
  40. ↑ Benjamin H. Smith Are Multiple Unsolved Murders In This Kentucky Small Town Somehow Connected? Oxygen Crime News, July 19, 2018
  41. ↑ Lebanon Enterprise, April 25, 2018, Nashville recording artist sings about Cornbread Mafia and Kentucky Girl
  42. ↑ Scott Recker Tyler Childers Interview LEO Weekly, December 19, 2018
  43. ↑ Cornbread by Rare Dankness
  44. ↑ Bickett and Boone Full Spectrum CBD
  45. ↑ Lawrence Smith, "Cornbread Mafia author launches new venture: Cornbread Hemp", WDRB, April 2, 2019
  46. ↑ Hot Products, NFL Issue, p. 114 High Times Magazine, November 2019
  47. ↑ Jessica Bard, Cornbread Hemp is First CBD Company in Kentucky to Achieve USDA Organic Certification WDRB News, January 13, 2020
  48. ↑ Warren Bobrow, Solving Problems In Creative Ways: Jim Higdon, Co-Founder Of Cornbread Hemp Forbes, May 15, 2020
  49. ↑ Whole Foods Magazine staff, New Product Spotlight: Organic Hemp Extract Oils Whole Foods Magazine, May 19, 2020
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.