Donna Scott Davenport

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Donna Scott Davenport (born Scott) is the first judge to have overseen the Rutherford County, Tennessee juvenile justice system, filling the newly created position in 2000. She is also a former adjunct professor at her alma mater, Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU). She presided over the juvenile court and legal system for the county, appointed magistrates (formerly, referees), set protocols, directed police and heard cases involving minors, including parents charged with child neglect. [1] Despite published reports that Davenport operated juvenile court outside of the tenets of law, including by her own admission, Davenport remained on the bench until retiring at the end of her term in September 2022 while lawmakers debated ending her tenure sooner. [2] [3] [4] Her actions while on the bench are the subject of a four-part podcast, The Kids of Rutherford County.

Contents

Family and education

Donna Scott was born to Howard Scott and Winifred Campbell Scott (a teacher). [5] Her father was a decorated United States Air Force pilot with a distinguished World War II service record.

She attended North Greenville University, a private Baptist college in Tigerville, South Carolina. She subsequently received bachelor's, then master's degrees in criminal justice from MTSU, followed by a J.D. from Nashville School of Law, [6] in 1986. [7]

She wrote the Tennessee State bar exam about a year after graduation. After failing the exam four times, Davenport passed in 1995, on her fifth attempt, [1] then began teaching as an adjunct professor of criminal justice at MTSU the following year. [7] [8]

Career

Davenport was admitted to the Tennessee Bar in 1995, nine years after receiving a law degree. She co-founded Rogers and Scott Attorneys at Law in 1995 with J. Mark Rogers, [7] now a Sixteenth Circuit Courts of Tennessee judge overseeing Rutherford County. [9] In 1998, she was appointed as a part-time juvenile court referee (now Magistrate) by a Rutherford County Judge. She left the law firm and became a full-time court referee in 1999. [7]

The following year, the county violated federal law 191 times by keeping kids incarcerated for longer than legally allowed. Interviewed, Davenport estimated that half of the noted violations were levied for children uttering curse words to her or another, for which she typically punished them with between two and 10 days in jail, despite admitting to the illegality of the sentence: "Was I in violation?... "Heck, yes. But am I going to allow a child to cuss anyone out? Heck, no." [1] Less than three months later, in 2000, Davenport was elected to the newly created position of juvenile court judge. [1]

She was subsequently elected twice, unopposed, as the incumbent, in 2006 and 2014, to two full eight-year terms as Judge of the Juvenile Court of Rutherford County. Her current term expires in September 2022. [10]

In March 2013, following acceptance of her capstone project, "Rutherford County: A Multi-Systemic Strategy with Partners", [11] Davenport was named a Fellow of the Center for Juvenile Justice Reform of Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC. [6]

Murfreesboro Magazine named her a recipient of a 2014 Women in Business award. [6]

Illegal juvenile arrest policy scandal

In her role as sole juvenile court judge, Davenport devised a unique, so-called "filter system" aside from federal or local processes. [12] In 2003, Davenport issued a memo, which outlined her decree for local law enforcement to arrest, transport to the juvenile detention center for screening, then file charging papers for all children, emphasizing that "IT IS SO ORDERED". She later modified the directive to add lesser violations, such as truancy. [1]

In 2008, Rutherford County included a new 43,000 sq ft (4,000 m2) juvenile detention center in its $23,300,000 expansion of the county jail. [13] Subsequently, Davenport narrated a marketing video, "What Can the Rutherford County Juvenile Detention Center Do For You?” featuring images of children in black-and-white striped prison uniforms, to solicit other counties in the region to have "detained youth" sent to the new facility for incarceration, at $175 per day per child. The video claimed that over 20 Tennessee counties had contracted with Rutherford's juvenile jail. As of 2021, 39 counties were contracting with Rutherford County to imprison youth, along with the U.S. Marshals Service. [14]

In 2014, 48 percent of children brought before Davenport were jailed, while the statewide average was five percent. [12]

In 2016, a 15-year-old was placed in solitary confinement for five days with only a mattress and toilet. The family filed a complaint against the Rutherford County juvenile jail, with support from the ACLU. Davenport responded by issuing an order temporarily suspending the use of solitary confinement for juveniles. [1] [15] Another child was denied his psychiatric medication while jailed for four days, [1] [16] and a developmentally disabled child was also ordered into indefinite solitary confinement. [1]

In 2016, lawmakers called for a federal investigation into the arrest and detainment of 11 young, black elementary school children in Rutherford County who had merely, allegedly, witnessed a fight between five and six-year-olds. [12] The following year, Rutherford County agreed to a class action settlement of $397,500 for the 11 children. [12] In May 2017, a federal court ordered Rutherford County to stop using Davenport's so-called "filter system", [1] [16] noting that it "departs drastically" from ordinary juvenile detention standards. The court wrote that the "illegal detention" is causing "irreparable harm every day" to children in the jurisdiction. [1]

In December 2017, United States Federal Judge Waverly Crenshaw Jr. settled a class action suit against Rutherford County on behalf of 394 claimants for $6 million, awarded to "citizens taken into custody and/or detained by the Rutherford County Juvenile Detention Center on or after Oct. 14, 2015", and signed an order preventing Davenport from incarcerating children. [17]

In October 2021, PBS News Hour broadcast an investigative report by Meribah Knight of Nashville Public Radio (WPLN) and Ken Armstrong of ProPublica which exposes Davenport's enforced culture of operating outside the law throughout her more than 20 years on the juvenile court bench; [18] Investigative reporters Knight and Armstrong were subsequently nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for the feature article. [19] That month, Davenport was quoted as stating that her job is not legal but, "God's mission", [20] referencing herself as "the mother of the county". [17] [20] The following month, Davenport was reported as still "parading herself around as some kind of Great White Mother to Rutherford County's children". [21]

Lawyer for the 2017 class action plaintiffs Kyle Mothershead stated, in February 2022, that Rutherford County had illegally arrested and incarcerated minor children prior to Davenport's appointment as its juvenile court judge in 2000. [22]

Outcomes

Rutherford County Representative John Ray Clemmons released a statement decrying inaction, "As I stated in 2016, there is no rational justification for any of this in our society. Both the state and county have obviously failed children and families, predominantly Black individuals and that these individuals, through their own acts and admissions, have proven themselves wholly unfit for the important positions they currently hold." [12] Senator Jeff Yarbro stated that "It's a horror show plain and simple, it's abusive and it doesn't even resemble law". [12]

Following news reports, MTSU announced that Davenport had been removed from the school's faculty. [23] [24] [25]

In January 2022, Davenport announced plans to retire at the end of her term, in September 2022, remaining on the bench until that time. She released a statement, in the wake of allegations against her, that she remains "so proud of what this Court has accomplished in the last two decades and how it has positively affected the lives of young people and families in Rutherford County". [10]

Senator Heidi Campbell and Representative Gloria Johnson sponsored a resolution to authorize the Tennessee State Senate and House leaders to choose a judicial panel to consider the case for removing Davenport from the bench. [10]

The Rutherford County Commission was assembling a new Juvenile Detention Board to "oversee incarceration operations", effectively replacing Davenport and her successors as oversight for juvenile detention staff, which is led by its director, Lynn Duke. [26]

In August 2022, Republican Juvenile Court nominee Travis Lampley won the juvenile court judgeship, and succeeded Davenport in September. [26]

In January 2023, State Representative Mike Sparks responded by introducing House Bill 720 [27] to the Tennessee General Assembly, undertaking to protect juveniles from interrogation without a guardian present. Representative Gloria Johnson, one of two Democrats seeking to oust Davenport in 2022, remarked, in 2023, that Davenport "didn’t care about the laws... They ignored the laws and created their own... I don’t know if it would stop that", in reference to the proposed legislation. [28]

Davenport's juvenile court legacy is narrated in a four-part podcast, The Kids of Rutherford County. [29] Released in October 2023, the series is produced by Serial Productions and The New York Times in partnership with ProPublica and Nashville Public Radio, and hosted by Meribah Knight of WPLN. [30]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutherford County, Tennessee</span> County in Tennessee, United States

Rutherford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee. As of a 2021 estimate, the population was 352,182, making it the fifth-most populous county in Tennessee. A study conducted by the University of Tennessee projects Rutherford County to become the third largest county in Tennessee by population by 2050. Its county seat is Murfreesboro, which is also the geographic center of Tennessee. As of 2010, it is the center of population of Tennessee. Rutherford County is included in the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murfreesboro, Tennessee</span> City in Tennessee, United States

Murfreesboro is a city in, and county seat of, Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 152,769 according to the 2020 census, up from 108,755 residents certified in 2010. Murfreesboro is located in the Nashville metropolitan area of Middle Tennessee, 34 miles (55 km) southeast of downtown Nashville.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle Tennessee State University</span> Public university in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, U.S.

Middle Tennessee State University is a public research university in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Founded in 1911 as a normal school, the university consists of eight undergraduate colleges as well as a college of graduate studies, together offering more than 300 degree programs through more than 35 departments. The university has partnered in research endeavors with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the United States Army, and the United States Marine Corps. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Incarceration in the United States</span> Form of punishment in United States law

Incarceration in the United States is one of the primary means of punishment for crime in the United States. In 2023, over five million people are under supervision by the criminal justice system, with nearly two million people incarcerated in state or federal prisons and local jails. The United States has the largest known prison population in the world. Prison populations grew dramatically beginning in the 1970s, but began a decline around 2009, dropping 25% by year-end 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Youth detention center</span> Type of prison for people under the age of majority

In criminal justice systems, a youth detention center, known as a juvenile detention center (JDC), juvenile detention, juvenile jail, juvenile hall, or more colloquially as juvie/juvy, also sometimes referred to as observation home or remand home is a prison for people under the age of majority, to which they have been sentenced and committed for a period of time, or detained on a short-term basis while awaiting trial or placement in a long-term care program. Juveniles go through a separate court system, the juvenile court, which sentences or commits juveniles to a certain program or facility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WMOT</span> Public radio station in Murfreesboro, Tennessee

WMOT-FM is a public radio station serving the metropolitan Nashville, Tennessee market. Licensed to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, it is owned by the Middle Tennessee State University, located in nearby Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and it broadcasts an Americana-based format branded as Roots Radio.

Bill Ketron, Jr. is a Tennessee politician who was the Mayor of Rutherford County, previously serving as a member of the Tennessee Senate for the 13th district, which was composed of Lincoln, Marshall, and Maury counties, as well as part of Rutherford County from 2003 to his resignation in 2018. He won the August 2 general election for mayor and assumed office on September 1, 2018, resigning from the Senate on the previous day. In the May 3, 2022 Republican primary, Ketron lost reelection to former state representative Joe Carr, who went on to win the general election to succeed him.

Mark Eric Bell is an American journalist who reported primarily on public safety and criminal court issues as a full-time staff reporter at The Daily News Journal in Murfreesboro between April 2008 and June 2013. His articles have also appeared in The Tennessean in Nashville and the internationally-distributed newspaper, USA Today. Bell has also appeared on national television. He is currently working as a Development Director and public relations manager for not-for-profit Journeys in Community Living, an organization that serves adults with intellectual disabilities.

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The "kids for cash" scandal centered on judicial kickbacks to two judges at the Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, US. In 2008, judges Michael Conahan and Mark Ciavarella were convicted of accepting money in return for imposing harsh adjudications on juveniles to increase occupancy at the PA Child Care for-profit detention centers.

Mark Allen Pody is an American politician, elected as a Republican member of the Tennessee Senate from the 17th district, encompassing Cannon County, Clay County, Dekalb County, Macon County, Smith County and Wilson County. Pody resides in Lebanon, Tennessee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic Center of Murfreesboro</span>

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Mary Caruthers Scales was a professor, civic leader, and funeral home owner. She was the first black faculty member at Middle Tennessee State University where she taught in the College of Education, and became associate dean there. Prior to this she had been a school teacher at Bradley and Bellwood schools. She was later elected to the Murfreesboro City School Board, and to the Murfreesboro City Council as the first African-American female councilperson.[subscription] Scales Elementary School in Murfreesboro, Tennessee is named in honor of her and her husband, Robert W. Scales. Her husband, Robert W. Scales was the first African-American elected to the Murfreesboro City Council and first African-American Vice-Mayor of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gloria Johnson (politician)</span> American politician (born 1962)

Gloria Johnson is an American politician and Democratic member of the Tennessee House of Representatives currently representing District 90, and formerly District 13, based in Knoxville. In April 2023, she and two other state representatives faced expulsion votes from the Tennessee General Assembly after taking to the floor of the State House unrecognized to protest gun violence. Johnson was the only one of the three legislators not to be expelled. Johnson is currently seeking the Democratic Party nomination for the 2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee currently held by incumbent Republican Marsha Blackburn.

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In May 2020 a 15-year-old Black sophomore from Beverly Hills, Michigan was incarcerated at a juvenile detention center for failure to complete her homework during virtual school. The teenager, referred to as Grace to conceal her identity, had been on probation for previous charges for theft and assault at the time of sentencing. Advocates and her defense team argued that she was not receiving the accommodations required by her Individualized Education Program (IEP) for her attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after her classes moved online due to coronavirus. Advocates also called the ruling evidence of systemic racism in the county's juvenile justice system.

The juvenile justice system and jail of Rutherford County, Tennessee became a subject of state-wide, national and international controversy in the 2020s, when a journalistic investigation revealed a pattern of abnormal and illegal incarceration of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of children in the county's juvenile jail at a rate ten times the state's average.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Black Children Were Jailed for a Crime That Doesn’t Exist. Almost Nothing Happened to the Adults in Charge" Meribah Knight and Ken Armstrong, ProPublica, December 15, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  2. ↑ "'The will of people should not be easily overturned': Not easy to remove Judge Davenport" Scott Broden, Daily News Journal, March 10, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Officials discuss planned route to remove juvenile judge in Rutherford County" Blake Summers, WSMV-TV, January 17, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  4. ↑ "Lawmakers issue resolution to remove Judge Donna Scott Davenport" Levi Ismail, News Channel 15, January 17, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Winifred Campbell Scott", Dignity Memorial, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 Rutherford County "Donna Scott Davenport". Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Donna Scott Davenport" Ballotpedia, December 15, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Campus Directory", MTSU. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  9. ↑ "J. Mark Rogers" Ballotpedia. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 "Embattled Juvenile Court Judge Donna Scott Davenport announces retirement" Tayla Courage, Main Street Nashville, January 18, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  11. ↑ "Judge Donna Scott Davenport Named To Center for Juvenile Justice Reform Fellows Network" WGNS, December 13, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Rutherford Co. judge, who illegally jailed Black children using fake law, faces renewed criticism" Gerald Harris, WKRN, October 11, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  13. ↑ Marchesoni, Lisa (October 26, 2017). "Work begins on $25 million juvenile, adult facilities". Murfreesboro Post. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  14. ↑ "We Reported on a County That Has Jailed Kids for a Crime That Doesn’t Exist. Readers Reacted." Brooke Stephenson, ProPublica, October 15, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  15. ↑ "Family Brings Complaint Against Juvenile Detention Center" Robert Alan Glover, Tennessee Tribune April 13, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  16. 1 2 Rutherford County Judge accused of jailing Black children under fake law" localmemphis.com, ABC-24 WATN-TV, October 13, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  17. 1 2 "Rutherford County settles kids-in-jail class action for $6M" Michelle Willard, Murfreesboro Voice, Dec 21, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  18. ↑ "Tennessee judge jailed minors on bogus charges following playground fights, cursing" Lisa Desjardins PBS News Hour, PBS, October 12, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  19. ↑ "WPLN’s reporting on Rutherford County’s juvenile court is a Pulitzer Prize finalist" May 22, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  20. 1 2 Editor’s column: Sickening systemic abuse in Rutherford County calls for action Holly McCall, Tennessee Lookout, October 12, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  21. ↑ "How Did Judge Donna Scott Davenport's Actions Not Raise Alarms Sooner? Betsy Phillips, Nashville Scene, November 1, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  22. ↑ "Breaking News: Rutherford County Juvenile Court Judge Donna Scott Davenport Announces Retirement Plans" The Tennessee Tribune, February 25, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  23. ↑ "TLDR: Here’s the viral thread examining Rutherford County’s juvenile justice system by WPLN News and ProPublica" WPLN-FM, October 12, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  24. ↑ "MTSU President: Rutherford juvenile judge no longer adjunct professor" Archived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine by Chuck Morris, WSMV-TV, October 13, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  25. ↑ "MTSU drops Judge Donna Scott Davenport as professor," by Tayla Courage, Murfreesboro Post, October 15–18, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  26. 1 2 "Travis Lampley wins Rutherford County Juvenile Court judge race" Scott Broden, Daily News Journal, August 4, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  27. ↑ "HB 0720 by Sparks" Tennessee General Assembly. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  28. ↑ "Legislation aims at averting excessive jailing of juveniles" Sam Stockard, Tennessee Lookout, January 18, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  29. ↑ "From Serial Productions: The Kids of Rutherford County" The New York Times, October 19, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  30. ↑ The Kids of Rutherford County WPLN, Nashville Public Radio. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
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