Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology and was the main communist movement throughout the 20th century. It was the formal name of the official state ideology adopted by the Soviet Union, its satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various self-declared scientific socialist regimes in the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World during the Cold War as well as the Communist International after Bolshevisation. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of several communist parties and remains the official ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam as unitary one-party socialist republics, and of Nepal in a multiparty democracy. Generally, Marxist–Leninists support proletarian internationalism and socialist democracy, and oppose anarchism, fascism, imperialism, and liberal democracy. Marxism–Leninism holds that a two-stage communist revolution is needed to replace capitalism. A vanguard party, organised hierarchically through democratic centralism, would seize power "on behalf of the proletariat", and establish a communist party-led socialist state, which it claims to represent the dictatorship of the proletariat. The state controls the economy and means of production, suppresses the bourgeoisie, counter-revolution, and opposition, promotes collectivism in society, and paves the way for an eventual communist society, which would be both classless and stateless. Due to its state-oriented approach, Marxist–Leninist states have been commonly referred to by Western academics as Communist states.
Peniche is a seaside municipality and a city in Portugal. It is located in the Oeste region, formerly Estremadura Province. The population in 2011 was 27,753, in an area of 77.55 km2. The city itself has a population of about 15,600 inhabitants. The present mayor is Henrique Bertino, elected by the independent coalition GCEPP.
The Portuguese Workers' Communist Party/Re-Organized Movement of the Party of the Proletariat is a Maoist political party in Portugal.
The Socialism and Liberty Party is a left-wing political party in Brazil. The party describes itself as socialist and democratic.
The Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist), is a Maoist communist political party in Greece.
Alcochete is a municipality in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 17,569, in an area of 128.36 km². The municipality is composed of three parishes and is located in Setúbal District.
The Portuguese Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization was a Portuguese far-left political party, founded in 1973 after the merger between two minor communist grouping, the group around the journal O Comunista and O Grito do Povo. The party achieved some political expression in the last years of the fascist regime of Marcello Caetano, mainly in Paris, among a community of exiled politicians.
The Popular Democratic Union is a Marxist political movement in Portugal. The UDP transformed itself into a political association at its 15th congress due to its merger with other left-wing parties in the Left Bloc.
Workers Politics Communist Organisation was a communist group in Portugal. OCPO was founded in September 1985, following a split from Communist Party (Reconstructed). OCPO published Política Operária whose editor was the late Francisco Martins Rodrigues.
Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist group in Portugal led by Francisco Martins Rodrigues. ORPC(ML) was formed in 1975.
Portuguese Marxist–Leninist Committee was a communist organization in Portugal. CM-LP was formed in March 1964 by a group led by Francisco Martins Rodrigues. Martins, who was a Central Committee Member of the Portuguese Communist Party, had split from PCP in January the same year. CM-LP was formed after the formation of the Popular Action Front, which existed parallel to CM-LP.
Events in the year 2008 in Portugal.
The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) is a Canadian federal political party founded by Hardial Bains in 1970. The CPC (ML) has been registered with Elections Canada as the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada since 1974 as the party is prohibited from using the Communist Party name in Canadian elections to avoid confusion among voters. The party developed separately and independently from the Communist Party of Canada (CPC) with its origins among students and intellectuals in Canada during the 1960s. After a period of alignment with Maoism and China, the CPC (ML) pursued a Hoxhaist, pro-Albanian line until the early 1990s. The party at present directs most of its public support to Cuba and North Korea.
Hoxhaism is a variant of anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism that developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the anti-revision movement, appearing after the ideological dispute between the Communist Party of China and the Party of Labour of Albania in 1978. The ideology is named after Enver Hoxha, a notable Albanian communist leader, who served as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour.
Events in the year 1927 in Portugal.
MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal formerly known as Moche Rip Curl Pro Portugal or Rip Curl Pro Portugal is a professional surfing competition of the WSL World Tour held every year in October at the Supertubos beach in Peniche, Portugal. The event was first founded in 2009 as Rip Curl Search Portugal.
The Peniche Fortress is located in the municipality of Peniche in Leiria District, Portugal. Built on the site of the former Castle of Atouguia da Baleia, of which only a few vestiges remain, initial construction took place in 1557 and 1558 but there have been numerous subsequent modifications. Its defensive walls surround an area of two hectares, divided into upper and lower parts. The fortress has served a number of functions including that of a political prison during the authoritarian Estado Novo regime.
Grupo Desportivo de Peniche is a Portuguese football club located in Peniche, Portugal. The club was founded on January 30, 1941 and currently plays in the Campeonato de Portugal, holding home matches at Estádio do G.D. Peniche.
Jorge Coelho was a Portuguese politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party.
