Theodore Roosevelt Jr.,often referred to as Teddy Roosevelt,or by his initials T. R.,was an American politician,statesman,soldier,conservationist,naturalist,historian,and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He previously served as the 25th vice president under President William McKinley from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. Assuming the presidency after McKinley's assassination,Roosevelt emerged as a leader of the Republican Party and became a driving force for anti-trust and Progressive policies.
The 1904 United States presidential election was the 30th quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 8,1904. Incumbent Republican President Theodore Roosevelt defeated the Democratic nominee,Alton B. Parker. Roosevelt's victory made him the first president who ascended to the presidency upon the death of his predecessor to win a full term in his own right. He was also the first president to have a vice president for the last four years of his second term. Roosevelt was 46 after he was elected to a full term and his second inauguration took place on March 4,1905.
The 1912 United States presidential election was the 32nd quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 5,1912. Democratic Governor Woodrow Wilson unseated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and defeated former President Theodore Roosevelt,who ran under the banner of the new Progressive or "Bull Moose" Party. This is the most recent,and the only post-Civil War presidential election in which the second-place candidate was neither a Democrat nor a Republican. This is the most recent election to date in which four candidates received over five percent of the vote.
The 1916 United States presidential election was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 7,1916. Incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson narrowly defeated former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Evans Hughes,the Republican candidate.
The 1932 United States presidential election was the 37th quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 8,1932. The election took place against the backdrop of the Great Depression. The incumbent Republican President Herbert Hoover was defeated in a landslide by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt,the Governor of New York and the vice presidential nominee of the 1920 presidential election. Roosevelt was the first Democrat in 80 years to simultaneously win an outright majority of the electoral college and popular vote,a feat last accomplished by Franklin Pierce in 1852,as well as the first Democrat in 50 years to win a majority of the popular vote,which was last done by Samuel J. Tilden in 1876. Hoover was the last incumbent president to lose an election to another term until Gerald Ford lost 44 years later. The election marked the effective end of the Fourth Party System,which had been dominated by Republicans. It was the first time since 1916 that a Democrat was elected president.
The 1940 United States presidential election was the 39th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday,November 5,1940. Incumbent Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican businessman Wendell Willkie to be reelected for an unprecedented third term in office.
Charles Warren Fairbanks was an American politician who served as a senator from Indiana from 1897 to 1905 and the 26th vice president of the United States from 1905 to 1909. He was also the Republican vice presidential nominee in the 1916 presidential election. Had the Republican ticket been elected,Fairbanks would have become the third vice president to multiple presidents,after George Clinton and John C. Calhoun.
Henry Cabot Lodge was an American Republican politician,historian,and statesman from Massachusetts. He served in the United States Senate from 1893 to 1924 and is best known for his positions on foreign policy. His successful crusade against Woodrow Wilson's Treaty of Versailles ensured that the United States never joined the League of Nations and his reservations against that treaty influenced the structure of the modern United Nations.
Hiram Warren Johnson was an American attorney and politician who served as the 23rd governor of California from 1911 to 1917. Johnson achieved national prominence in the early 20th century. He was elected in 1916 as the United States Senator from California,where he was re-elected to five terms and served until his death in 1945.
Alton Brooks Parker was an American judge. He is best known as the Democrat who lost the presidential election of 1904 to Theodore Roosevelt.
Colonel William Franklin Knox was an American politician,soldier,newspaper editor,and publisher. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936,and Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II. On December 7,1941,Knox,flanked by his assistant John O’Keefe,walked into Roosevelt's White House study around 1:30 pm EST,and announced that Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor.
On October 14,1912,former saloonkeeper John Flammang Schrank (1876–1943) attempted to assassinate former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt while he was campaigning for the presidency in Milwaukee,Wisconsin. Schrank's bullet lodged in Roosevelt's chest after penetrating Roosevelt's steel eyeglass case and passing through a thick single-folded copy of the speech titled "Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual",which he was carrying in his jacket. Schrank was immediately disarmed and captured;he might have been lynched had Roosevelt not shouted for Schrank to remain unharmed. Roosevelt assured the crowd he was all right,then ordered police to take charge of Schrank and to make sure no violence was done to him. Roosevelt did not believe in police harming civilians.
The 1912 Republican National Convention was held at the Chicago Coliseum,Chicago,Illinois,from June 18 to June 22,1912. The party nominated President William H. Taft and Vice President James S. Sherman for re-election for the 1912 United States presidential election.
The Progressive Party was a third party in the United States formed in 1912 by former president Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégérival,incumbent president William Howard Taft. The new party was known for taking advanced positions on progressive reforms and attracting leading national reformers. The party was also ideologically deeply connected with America's indigenous radical-liberal tradition.
These are the references for further information regarding the history of the Republican Party in the U.S. since 1854.
The Fourth Party System is the term used in political science and history for the period in American political history from about 1896 to 1932 that was dominated by the Republican Party,except the 1912 split in which Democrats captured the White House and held it for eight years. American history texts usually call the period the Progressive Era. The concept was introduced under the name "System of 1896" by E. E. Schattschneider in 1960,and the numbering scheme was added by political scientists in the mid-1960s.
The presidency of William Howard Taft began on March 4,1909,when William Howard Taft was inaugurated as 27th president of the United States,and ended on March 4,1913. Taft,was a Republican from Ohio. The protégéand chosen successor of President Theodore Roosevelt,he took office after easily defeating Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 presidential election. His presidency ended with his defeat in the 1912 election by Democrat Woodrow Wilson.
From March 19 to June 4,1912,delegates to the 1912 Republican National Convention were selected through a series of primaries and caucuses to determine the party's nominee for President in the 1912 election. Incumbent President William Howard Taft was chosen over former President Theodore Roosevelt. Taft's victory at the national convention precipitated a fissure in the Republican Party,with Roosevelt standing for the presidency as the candidate of an independent Progressive Party,and the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson over the divided Republicans.
Electoral history of Theodore Roosevelt,who served as the 26th president of the United States (1901–1909),the 25th vice president (1901),and the 33rd governor of New York (1899–1900).
The United States Senate election of 1920 in New York was held on November 2,1920. Incumbent Republican Senator James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. was re-elected to a second term over Democratic Lieutenant Governor Harry C. Walker.
