Grant Duwe

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Grant Duwe is an American criminologist and research director at the Minnesota Department of Corrections, as well as a non-visiting scholar at Baylor University's Institute for Studies of Religion. Duwe holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Kansas and a Ph.D. in Criminology and Criminal Justice from Florida State University. [1]

Contents

Mass murder research

Duwe's research on mass murder has examined its patterns and prevalence, [2] the role of the news media [3] in its social construction as a crime problem, [4] and the impact of right-to-carry concealed firearms laws on mass public shootings. [5] In 2007, he wrote the book, Mass Murder in the United States: A History , an "excellent historical analysis of mass murder in the United States" [6] that is still considered "one of the most exhaustive studies" [7] that has been done on the topic.

Since the publication of Mass Murder in the United States: A History, Duwe has written articles that have focused on mass public shootings. In these articles, Duwe argues that while mass public shootings have not recently been on the rise, they have become more deadly. [8] He has been critical of the methods Mother Jones has used to compile its mass shooting dataset and the conclusions that have been drawn from the use of these data. [9]

Corrections research

Duwe has published more than 50 research studies and program evaluations in peer-reviewed academic journals on a wide variety of correctional topics. He is the author of a 2017 report published by the National Institute of Justice on the use and impact of correctional interventions on prison misconduct, post-prison employment, recidivism, and cost avoidance. [10] He is also a co-author (along with Michael Hallett, Joshua Hays, Byron Johnson, and Sung Joon Jang) of the book, The Angola Prison Seminary: Effects of Faith-Based Ministry on Identity Transformation, Desistance, and Rehabilitation .

Duwe has developed risk assessment instruments that predict sexual recidivism [11] [12] and first-time sexual offending. [13] He is also the developer of the Minnesota Screening Tool Assessing Recidivism Risk (MnSTARR), [14] a fully automated instrument that assesses risk for multiple types of recidivism for males and female prisoners. [15] He received the American Society of Criminology's inaugural Practitioner Research Award for his development of the MnSTARR. [16]

Related Research Articles

Megans Law United States law requiring law enforcement authorities to make information available to the public regarding registered sex offenders

Megan's Law is the name for a federal law, and informal name for subsequent state laws, in the United States requiring law enforcement authorities to make information available to the public regarding registered sex offenders. Laws were created in response to the murder of Megan Kanka. Federal Megan's Law was enacted as a subsection of the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act of 1994, which merely required sex offenders to register with local law enforcement. Since only few states required registration prior to Megan's death, the state level legislation to bring states in compliance—with both the registration requirement of Jacob Wetterling Act and community notification required by federal Megan's Law—were crafted simultaneously and are often referred as "Megan's Laws" of individual states. Thus, federal Megan's Law refers to community notification, whereas state level "Megan's Law" may refer to both sex offender registration and community notification.

Juvenile delinquency Illegal behavior by minors

Juvenile delinquency, also known as "juvenile offending", is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. For example, in the United States of America a juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically below 18 years of age and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses, to property crimes and violent crimes.

Recidivism Person repeating an undesirable behavior following punishment

Recidivism is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior. It is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense.

Halfway house

A halfway house is an institute for people with criminal backgrounds or drug abuse tendencies to learn the necessary skills to re-integrate into society and better support and care for themselves.

A sex offender is a person who has committed a sex crime. What constitutes a sex crime differs by culture and legal jurisdiction. The majority of convicted sex offenders have convictions for crimes of a sexual nature; however, some sex offenders have simply violated a law contained in a sexual category. Some of the serious crimes which usually result in a mandatory sex-offender classification are sexual assault, statutory rape, bestiality, child sexual abuse, incest, rape, and sexual imposition.

Concord Prison Experiment

The Concord Prison Experiment, conducted from 1961 to 1963, was designed to evaluate whether the experiences produced by the psychoactive drug psilocybin, derived from psilocybin mushrooms, combined with psychotherapy, could inspire prisoners to leave their antisocial lifestyles behind once they were released. How well it worked was to be judged by comparing the recidivism rate of subjects who received psilocybin with the average for other Concord inmates.

Feminist school of criminology

The feminist school of criminology is a school of criminology developed in the late 1960s and into the 1970s as a reaction to the general disregard and discrimination of women in the traditional study of crime. It is the view of the feminist school of criminology that a majority of criminological theories were developed through studies on male subjects and focused on male criminality, and that criminologists often would "add women and stir" rather than develop separate theories on female criminality.

Pre-crime Term for crimes not yet committed

Pre-crime is a term coined by science fiction author Philip K. Dick. It is increasingly used in academic literature to describe and criticise the tendency in criminal justice systems to focus on crimes not yet committed. Precrime intervenes to punish, disrupt, incapacitate or restrict those deemed to embody future crime threats. The term precrime embodies a temporal paradox, suggesting both that a crime has not occurred and that the crime that has not occurred is a foregone conclusion.

Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA) are groups of volunteers with professional supervision to support sex offenders as they reintegrate into society after their release from incarceration. Evaluations of CoSA indicate that participation in a CoSA can result in statistically significant reductions in repeat sexual offenses in 70% of cases, relative to what would be predicted by risk assessment or matched comparison subjects. CoSA projects exist throughout Canada, the United Kingdom, and some regions of the United States.

Criminology Study of the causes and manifestations of crime

Criminology is the study of crime and deviant behaviour. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioural and social sciences, which draws primarily upon the research of sociologists, political scientists, economists, psychologists, philosophers, psychiatrists, biologists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law.

Vernon Lewis Quinsey is a Canadian psychologist. He has studied violent crime offenders, sex offenders, sexually violent predators, juvenile delinquency, and ways to predict, assess, and manage individuals with these tendencies. He testified in court that a rapist, Allen Edward Bullock, was "erotically attracted to that kind of behavior".

Christopher J. Uggen is a Regents Professor and Distinguished McKnight Professor of sociology and law at the University of Minnesota, where he also holds the Martindale Chair in Sociology. Uggen is best known for his work on public criminology, desistance from crime and the life course, crime in the workplace, sexual harassment, and the effects of mass incarceration, including Felon disenfranchisement, re-entry, recidivism, and inequality.

Criminal justice reform in the United States

Criminal justice reform addresses structural issues in criminal justice systems such as racial profiling, police brutality, overcriminalization, mass incarceration, and recidivism. Reforms can take place at any point where the criminal justice system intervenes in citizens’ lives, including lawmaking, policing, sentencing and incarceration. Criminal justice reform can also address the collateral consequences of conviction, including disenfranchisement or lack of access to housing or employment, that may restrict the rights of individuals with criminal records.

Sex offender registries in the United States Many sex offenders in the US must register themselves on a public US government database

Sex offender registries in the United States exist at both the federal and state levels. Registries contain information about persons convicted of sexual offenses for law enforcement and public notification purposes. All 50 states and the District of Columbia maintain sex offender registries that are open to the public via websites, although information on some offenders is visible to law enforcement only. Public disclosure of offender information varies between the states depending on offenders designated tier, which may also vary from state to state, or risk assessment result. According to NCMEC, as of 2016 there were 859,500 registered sex offenders in United States.

Positive criminology is based on the perspective that integration and positive life influences that help individuals develop personally and socially will lead to a reduced risk of criminal behavior and better recovery of offenders. Integration works in three levels: inter-personal, intra-personal and spiritual. Positive influences include participation in recovery programs, such as those for drug and alcohol abuse. Factors that can make growth difficult include a long-standing pattern of criminal activity, serious adverse life events, and chronic mental health illness.

Gender-responsive prisons are prisons constructed to provide gender-specific care to incarcerated women. Contemporary sex-based prison programs were presented as a solution to the rapidly increasing number of women in the prison industrial complex and the overcrowding of California's prisons. These programs vary in intent and implementation and are based on the idea that female offenders differ from their male counterparts in their personal histories and pathways to crime. Multi-dimensional programs oriented toward female behaviors are considered by many to be effective in curbing recidivism.

The risk-need-responsivity model is a model used in criminology to develop recommendations for how prisoners should be assessed based on the risk they present and what they need, and what kinds of environments they should be placed in to reduce recidivism. It was first proposed in 1990 based on the research conducted on classifications of offender treatments by Lee Sechrest and Ted Palmer, among other researchers, in the 1960s and 70s. It was primarily developed by Canadian researchers James Bonta, Donald A. Andrews, and Paul Gendreau. It has been considered the best model that exists for determining offender treatment, and some of the best risk-assessment tools used on offenders are based on it.

Public criminology Academic tendency within criminology

Public criminology is an approach to criminology that disseminates criminological research beyond academia to broader audiences, such as criminal justice practitioners and the general public. Public criminology is closely tied with “public sociology”, and draws on a long line of intellectuals engaging in public interventions related to crime and justice. Some forms of public criminology are conducted through methods such as classroom education, academic conferences, public lectures, “news-making criminology”, government hearings, newspapers, radio and television broadcasting and press releases. Advocates of public criminology argue that the energies of criminologists should be directed towards "conducting and disseminating research on crime, law, and deviance in dialogue with affected communities." Public criminologists focus on reshaping the image of the criminal and work with communities to find answers to pressing questions. Proponents of public criminology see it as potentially narrowing "the yawning gap between public perceptions and the best available scientific evidence on issues of public concern", a problem they see as especially pertinent to matters of crime and punishment.

Donald Arthur Andrews was a Canadian correctional psychologist and criminologist who taught at Carleton University, where he was a founding member of the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice. He is recognized for having criticized Robert Martinson's influential paper concluding that "nothing works" in correctional treatment. He also helped to advance the technique of risk assessment to better predict the chance of recidivism among offenders. He is credited with coining the terms "criminogenic needs" and "risk-need-responsivity", both of which have since been used and studied extensively in the criminological literature.

References

  1. "Duwe, Grant". Baylor Institute for Studies of Religion. Retrieved 2017-10-08.
  2. Duwe, Grant (2004-12-01). "The patterns and prevalence of mass murder in twentieth-century America". Justice Quarterly. 21 (4): 729–761. doi:10.1080/07418820400095971. ISSN   0741-8825.
  3. DUWE, GRANT (2000-11-01). "Body-Count Journalism: The Presentation of Mass Murder in the News Media". Homicide Studies. 4 (4): 364–399. doi:10.1177/1088767900004004004. ISSN   1088-7679.
  4. Duwe, Grant (2005). "A Circle of Distortion: The Social Construction of Mass Murder in the United States" (PDF). Western Criminology Review. 6: 59–78. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.486.4632 . Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  5. Duwe, Grant; Kovandzic, Tomislav; Moody, Carlisle E. (2002). "The Impact of Right-to-Carry Concealed Firearm Laws on Mass Public Shootings". Homicide Studies. 6 (4): 271–296. doi:10.1177/108876702237341.
  6. Bratina, Michele (2008). "A Review of Mass Murder in the United States: A History" (PDF).
  7. "Putting 'Deadliest Mass Shooting In U.S. History' Into Some Historical Context". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  8. "Mass Shootings Are Getting Deadlier, Not More Frequent". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  9. "The Truth About Mass Public Shootings". Reason.com. 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  10. Duwe, Grant (June 2017). "The Use and Impact of Correctional Programming for Inmates on Pre- and Post-Release Outcomes" (PDF).
  11. Duwe, Grant; Freske, Pamela J. (2012). "Using Logistic Regression Modeling to Predict Sexual Recidivism". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 24 (4): 350–377. doi:10.1177/1079063211429470.
  12. Duwe, Grant (2017-07-13). "Better Practices in the Development and Validation of Recidivism Risk Assessments: The Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool–4". Criminal Justice Policy Review: 0887403417718608. doi:10.1177/0887403417718608. ISSN   0887-4034.
  13. Duwe, Grant (2012). "Predicting First-Time Sexual Offending Among Prisoners Without a Prior Sex Offense History". Criminal Justice and Behavior. 39 (11): 1436–1456. doi:10.1177/0093854812453911.
  14. Duwe, Grant (2014-09-01). "The Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Minnesota Screening Tool Assessing Recidivism Risk (MnSTARR)". Criminal Justice Policy Review. 25 (5): 579–613. doi:10.1177/0887403413478821. ISSN   0887-4034.
  15. Duwe, Grant; Rocque, Michael (2017-02-01). "Effects of Automating Recidivism Risk Assessment on Reliability, Predictive Validity, and Return on Investment (ROI)". Criminology & Public Policy. 16 (1): 235–269. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12270. ISSN   1745-9133.
  16. "Duwe, Grant | Baylor Institute for Studies of Religion". www.baylorisr.org. Retrieved 2017-10-10.