Internal loop

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Internal-loops (also termed interior loops) in RNA are found where the double stranded RNA separates due to no Watson-Crick-Franklin base pairing between the nucleotides. Internal-loops differ from Stem-loops as they occur in middle of a stretch of double stranded RNA. The non-canonicoal residues result in the double helix becoming distorted due to unwinding, unstacking and kinking.

Internal-loops can be classified as either symmetrical or asymmetrical, with some asymmetrical internal-loops, also known as bulges. Many important structural motifs are composed of internal loops such as the C-loop, [1] the docking-elbow, [2] kink-turns (k-turn), [3] [4] the right-angle, [5] the sarcin/ricin loops (also called bulged-G motifs), [6] [7] [8] the twist-up motif [9] and the UAA/GAN internal loop motif. [10]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Lescoute, A; Leontis, NB; Massire, C; Westhof, E (2005). "Recurrent structural RNA motifs, Isostericity Matrices and sequence alignments". Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (8): 2395–409. doi:10.1093/nar/gki535. PMC   1087784 . PMID   15860776.
  2. ↑ Lehmann, J; Jossinet, F; Gautheret, D (May 1, 2013). "A universal RNA structural motif docking the elbow of tRNA in the ribosome, RNAse P and T-box leaders". Nucleic Acids Research. 41 (10): 5494–502. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt219. PMC   3664808 . PMID   23580544.
  3. ↑ Klein, D.J. (2001). "The kink-turn: a new RNA secondary structure motif". The EMBO Journal. 20 (15): 4214–4221. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.15.4214. ISSN   1460-2075. PMC   149158 . PMID   11483524.
  4. ↑ Schroeder, KT; McPhee, SA; Ouellet, J; Lilley, DM (Aug 2010). "A structural database for k-turn motifs in RNA". RNA. 16 (8): 1463–8. doi:10.1261/rna.2207910. PMC   2905746 . PMID   20562215.
  5. ↑ Grabow, WW; Zhuang, Z; Swank, ZN; Shea, JE; Jaeger, L (Nov 23, 2012). "The right angle (RA) motif: a prevalent ribosomal RNA structural pattern found in group I introns". Journal of Molecular Biology. 424 (1–2): 54–67. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2012.09.012. PMC   3488136 . PMID   22999957.
  6. 1 2 3 Szewczak, AA; Moore, PB (Mar 17, 1995). "The sarcin/ricin loop, a modular RNA". Journal of Molecular Biology. 247 (1): 81–98. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.0124 . PMID   7897662.
  7. ↑ Leontis, NB; Westhof, E (Oct 30, 1998). "A common motif organizes the structure of multi-helix loops in 16 S and 23 S ribosomal RNAs". Journal of Molecular Biology. 283 (3): 571–83. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2106. PMID   9784367.
  8. ↑ Moore PB (1999). "Structural motifs in RNA". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68: 287–300. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.287. PMID   10872451.
  9. 1 2 Zhong, C; Zhang, S (Feb 2012). "Clustering RNA structural motifs in ribosomal RNAs using secondary structural alignment". Nucleic Acids Research. 40 (3): 1307–17. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr804. PMC   3273805 . PMID   21976732.
  10. 1 2 Lee, JC; Gutell, RR; Russell, R (Jul 28, 2006). "The UAA/GAN internal loop motif: a new RNA structural element that forms a cross-strand AAA stack and long-range tertiary interactions". Journal of Molecular Biology. 360 (5): 978–88. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.05.066. PMID   16828489.
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