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Media bias is the bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of many events and stories that are reported and how they are covered. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely disputed.
Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something somehow new and somehow valuable is formed. The created item may be intangible or a physical object.
Discrimination based on skin color, also known as colorism, or shadeism, is a form of prejudice and/or discrimination in which people who share similar ethnicity traits or perceived race are treated differently based on the social implications that come with the cultural meanings that are attached to skin color.
Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse. This is done out of fear of, or deference to, the sensibilities or preferences of others and without overt pressure from any specific party or institution of authority. Self-censorship is often practiced by film producers, film directors, publishers, news anchors, journalists, musicians, and other kinds of authors including individuals who use social media.
Founder's syndrome is the difficulty faced by organizations, and in particular young companies such as start-ups, where one or more founders maintain disproportionate power and influence following the effective initial establishment of the organization, leading to a wide range of problems. The syndrome occurs in both non-profit and for-profit organizations or companies.
The creative class is the posit of American economist and social scientist Richard Florida for an ostensible socioeconomic class. Martin, a professor and head of the Martin Prosperity Institute at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, maintains that the creative class is a key driving force for economic development of post-industrial cities in the United States.
Media bias in the United States occurs when US media outlets skew information, such as reporting news in a way that conflicts with standards of professional journalism or promoting a political agenda through entertainment media. There is liberal bias and conservative bias. Claims of outlets, writers, and stories exhibiting both have increased as the two-party system has become more polarized. There is also bias in reporting to favor the corporate owners, and mainstream bias, a tendency of the media to focus on certain "hot" stories and ignore news of more substance. A variety of watchdog groups attempt to combat bias by fact-checking biased reporting and unfounded claims of bias. Researchers in a variety of scholarly disciplines study media bias.
In sociology and social psychology, an in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify. People may for example identify with their peer group, family, community, sports team, political party, gender, religion, or nation. It has been found that the psychological membership of social groups and categories is associated with a wide variety of phenomena.
Gies College of Business is the business school of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. The college offers on-campus undergraduate program, on-campus and online masters programs, and a Ph.D. program. The college and its Department of Accountancy are separatedly accredited by AACSB International.
John E. "Jack" Hunter was an American psychology professor known for his work in methodology. His best-known work is Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings. The International Communication Association named a research award in his honor.
David J. Lubinski is an American psychology professor known for his work in applied research, psychometrics, and individual differences. His work has focussed on exceptionally able children: the nature of exceptional ability, the development of people with exceptional ability. He has published widely on the impact of extremely high ability on outputs such as publications, creative writing and art, patents etc. This work disconfirmed the "threshold hypothesis" which suggested that a certain minimum of IQ might be needed, but higher IQ did not translate into greater productivity or creativity. Instead his work shows that higher intelligence leads to higher outcomes with no apparent threshold or dropping off of its impact.
Dennis Baron is a professor of English and linguistics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses on the technologies of communication; language legislation and linguistic rights; language reform; gender issues in language; language standards and minority languages and dialects; English usage; and the history and present state of the English language.
The Gies College of Business Instructional Facility (BIF) is a $60 million, 160,000 sq ft (15,000 m2) state-of-the-art business facility designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects located on the Champaign campus at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC). The facility is home to numerous classrooms, career development and academic counseling centers, student program offices, a recruitment suite, a 300-seat auditorium, and a spacious study area for students. Rafael Pelli, a partner of Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects who was the project principal for the Business Instructional Facility, explained in an interview on October 17, 2008 that the purpose of this building is to serve as "a sense of place, a community, a center to the College of Business". The 'U'-shaped building consists of a large commons area, furnished mainly with wood, with a prominent glass curtain wall on the south side of BIF facing the courtyard formed by the 'U' shape. The building is the first business facility at a public university in the world to achieve a platinum certification through Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), a U.S. Green Building Council rating system used to measure the sustainability in construction, and is the first building on the UIUC campus to achieve a LEED certification. The noteworthy 'green' elements of the Business Instructional Facility include solar panels, a green roof, and an energy-efficient cooling and heating system. The combined 'green' initiatives are expected to produce savings of $300,000 per year in comparison with traditional classroom buildings on the UIUC campus.
Neal Roese holds the SC Johnson Chair in Global Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. Trained as a social psychologist, he is most well known for his work on judgment and decision making, counterfactual thinking, and regret.
Academic bias is the bias or perceived bias of scholars allowing their beliefs to shape their research and the scientific community. It can refer to several types of scholastic prejudice, e.g., logocentrism, phonocentrism, ethnocentrism or the belief that some sciences and disciplines rank higher than others. In United States of America in particular, claims of bias are often linked to claims by conservatives of pervasive bias against political conservatives and religious Christians. This claim focuses on what conservatives such as David Horowitz say is discrimination against those who hold a conservative ideology and on the argument that research has been corrupted by a desire to promote a progressive agenda. Barry Ames et al., John Lee and Henry Giroux have argued that these claims are based upon anecdotal evidence that would not reliably indicate systematic bias. Russell Jacoby has argued that claims of academic bias have been used to push measures that infringe on academic freedom.
Jennifer A. Chatman is the Paul J. Cortese Distinguished Professor of Management at the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley. Chatman is the Co-Director of the Berkeley Haas Culture Initiative, the Assistant Dean for Learning Strategies at the Haas School of Business, an Editor for the journal Research in Organizational Behavior, and runs the Leading Strategy Execution Through Culture executive education program. Chatman received her BA and PhD from UC Berkeley and began her career at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, before returning to UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business. She served as the Marvin Bower Fellow at the Harvard Business School.
Safiya Umoja Noble is an associate professor at UCLA, and is the Co-Founder and Co-Director of the UCLA Center for Critical Internet Inquiry. She is the author of Algorithms of Oppression, and co-editor of two edited volumes: The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Class and Culture and Emotions, Technology & Design. She is a Research Associate at the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford. She was appointed a Commissioner to the University of Oxford Commission on AI and Good Governance in 2020. In 2020 she was nominated to the Global Future Council on Artificial Intelligence for Humanity at the World Economic Foundation.
Katherine Williams Phillips was an American business theorist and the Reuben Mark Professor of Organizational Character at Columbia University's Business School. She headed the Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. Center for Leadership and Ethics at Columbia, and was Senior Vice Dean.
Frédéric Godart is a French sociologist and researcher who is an Associate Professor of Organizational Behavior at INSEAD in Fontainebleau (France). His work is on the dynamics of creative industries, and fashion and luxury. Godart's 2012 book is called Unveiling Fashion: Business, Culture, and Identity in the Most Glamorous Industry.
Modupe Nyikoale Akinola is an American psychologist who is an Associate Professor of Management at the Columbia Business School. Her research considers how workplace environments impact stress and performance. She has studied workforce diversity and strategies that look to diversify the talent pool.
References
- ↑ "Business Instructional Facility University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign", Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, DE GRUYTER, pp. 130–135, 2013, doi:10.1515/9783034608701.130, ISBN 978-3-0346-0870-1
- ↑ "Jack A. GONCALO - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ↑ "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: Political Incorrectness Is a Strategy". Time. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ↑ North, Anna (2014-11-10). "The Benefits of Being Politically Correct". Op-Talk. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ↑ Mui, Chunka. "Are the People in Your Organization Too Smart to be Creative?". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ↑ "CNN.com - Transcripts". transcripts.cnn.com. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ↑ Goncalo, Jack A.; Staw, Barry M. (May 2006). "Individualism–collectivism and group creativity". Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 100 (1): 96–109. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.11.003. hdl: 1813/76178 . ISSN 0749-5978.
- ↑ Goncalo, Jack A.; Chatman, Jennifer A.; Duguid, Michelle M.; Kennedy, Jessica A. (2014-12-08). "Creativity from Constraint? How the Political Correctness Norm Influences Creativity in Mixed-sex Work Groups". Administrative Science Quarterly. 60 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1177/0001839214563975. ISSN 0001-8392. S2CID 22136368.
- ↑ Mueller, Jennifer S.; Melwani, Shimul; Goncalo, Jack A. (2011-11-29). "The Bias Against Creativity". Psychological Science. 23 (1): 13–17. doi:10.1177/0956797611421018. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 22127366. S2CID 1676869.