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In condensed matter physics, a string-net is an extended object whose collective behavior has been proposed as a physical mechanism for topological order by Michael A. Levin and Xiao-Gang Wen. A particular string-net model may involve only closed loops; or networks of oriented, labeled strings obeying branching rules given by some gauge group; or still more general networks.
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Scissors Modes are collective excitations in which two particle systems move with respect to each other conserving their shape. For the first time they were predicted to occur in deformed atomic nuclei by N. LoIudice and F. Palumbo, who used a semiclassical Two Rotor Model, whose solution required a realization of the O(4) algebra that was not known in mathematics. In this model protons and neutrons were assumed to form two interacting rotors to be identified with the blades of scissors. Their relative motion (Fig.1) generates a magnetic dipole moment whose coupling with the electromagnetic field provides the signature of the mode.
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References
- ↑ "Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Planning Editorial Committee - Volume 5, 2014". Annual Reviews Directory. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ↑ "Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Planning Editorial Committee - Volume 8, 2017". Annual Reviews Directory. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ↑ Willett, R; Eisenstein, J. P; Störmer, H. L; Tsui, D. C; Gossard, A. C; English, J. H (1987). "Observation of an even-denominator quantum number in the fractional quantum Hall effect" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 59 (15): 1776–1779. Bibcode:1987PhRvL..59.1776W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1776. PMID 10035326.
- ↑ Girvin, Steven M (1999). "The Quantum Hall Effect: Novel Excitations and Broken Symmetries". Topological Aspects of Low Dimensional Systems, ed. A. Comtet, T. Jolicoeur, S. Ouvry, F. David (Springer-Verlag, Berlin and les Editions de Physique, les Ulis, ). 2000. arXiv: cond-mat/9907002 . Bibcode:1999tald.conf...53G.
- ↑ Moore, Gregory; Read, Nicholas (1991). "Nonabelions in the fractional quantum hall effect". Nuclear Physics B. 360 (2–3): 362. Bibcode:1991NuPhB.360..362M. doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(91)90407-O .
