The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent agency of the federal government of the United States that enforces U.S. labor law in relation to collective bargaining and unfair labor practices. Under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935,the NLRB has the authority to supervise elections for labor union representation and to investigate and remedy unfair labor practices. Unfair labor practices may involve union-related situations or instances of protected concerted activity.
The term pro forma is most often used to describe a practice or document that is provided as a courtesy or satisfies minimum requirements,conforms to a norm or doctrine,tends to be performed perfunctorily or is considered a formality. The term is used in legal and business fields to refer to various types of documents that are generated as a matter of course.
In the United States,a recess appointment is an appointment by the president of a federal official when the U.S. Senate is in recess. Under the U.S. Constitution's Appointments Clause,the president is empowered to nominate,and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the Senate,make appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments,agencies,boards,and commissions,as well as to the federal judiciary. A recess appointment under Article II,Section 2,Clause 3 of the Constitution is an alternative method of appointing officials that allows the temporary filling of offices during periods when the Senate is not in session. It was anticipated that the Senate would be away for months at a time,so the ability to fill vacancies in important positions when the Senate is in recess and unavailable to provide advice and consent was deemed essential to maintain government function,as described by Alexander Hamilton in No. 67 of The Federalist Papers.
Alice Stevens Fisher is an American lawyer and partner at the Washington,D.C. office of Latham &Watkins LLP. Fisher served as Deputy United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division from 2001 to 2003 and as an Assistant Attorney General in the Department of Justice Criminal Division for three years,from 2005 to May 23,2008.
Richard Adams Cordray is an American lawyer and politician serving as the COO of Federal Student Aid in the United States Department of Education. He served as the first director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) from 2012 to 2017. Before that,Cordray variously served as Ohio's attorney general,solicitor general,and treasurer. He was the Democratic nominee for governor of Ohio in 2018.
Philip Jonathan Perry is an American attorney and was a political appointee in the administration of George W. Bush. He was acting associate attorney general at the Department of Justice,general counsel of the White House Office of Management and Budget,and general counsel of the Department of Homeland Security. He is a partner at Latham &Watkins in Washington,D.C.,and has served as lead counsel on many matters of national importance. He has handled matters before the U.S. Supreme Court,the U.S. Courts of Appeals,and U.S. District Courts across the country. He is known both for his work litigating biotechnology issues and his work on constitutional and federal regulatory matters. Perry was named a "Litigation Trailblazer" by The National Law Journal in 2018 for his "remarkable successes" in litigation,and has seen continued successes in 2019,2020,2021,2022,and 2023,winning cases in both federal appellate and trial courts. He also has substantial experience with Congressional investigations:he served as Senate Counsel to the Thompson Committee in 1997,and has also dealt with such investigations during his time in the Executive Branch and private practice. He is the husband of former Representative Liz Cheney and the son-in-law of former Vice President Dick Cheney.
Latham &Watkins LLP is an American multinational law firm. Founded in 1934 in Los Angeles,California,Latham is the second-largest law firm in the world by revenue. As of 2022,Latham is also one of the most profitable law firms in the world,with profits per partner exceeding US$5.7 million.
Gregory Bestor Craig is an American lawyer and former White House Counsel under President Barack Obama,from 2009 to 2010. A former attorney at the Washington,D.C. law firm of Williams &Connolly,Craig has represented numerous high-profile clients. Prior to becoming White House Counsel,he served as assistant to the President and special counsel in the White House of President Bill Clinton,where he directed the team defending Clinton against impeachment. Craig also served as a senior advisor to Senator Edward Kennedy and to Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
Virginia Anne Seitz is an American attorney who specializes in constitutional law,labor law,employment law and administrative law. She served as the United States Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel in the United States Department of Justice from 2011 until stepping down in December 2013. Seitz was confirmed to the post by the Senate in a voice vote on June 28,2011.
Dawn Elizabeth Johnsen is an American lawyer and the Walter W. Foskett Professor of Constitutional law,on the faculty at Maurer School of Law at Indiana University in Bloomington,Indiana. She previously served in the Biden administration as Acting Attorney General at the Office of Legal Counsel,having been appointed on January 20,2021 by President Joe Biden,to return to the role she previously held in the Clinton administration. She was succeeded in that role in a permanent capacity by Christopher H. Schroeder,and is currently serving as the Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the same office
James Michael Cole is an American attorney who served as United States Deputy Attorney General from December 29,2010 to January 8,2015. He was first installed as Deputy Attorney General following a recess appointment by President Barack Obama on December 29,2010. He then was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 55–42 vote on June 28,2011.
Steven Paul Croley is an American lawyer,Chief Policy Officer and General Counsel of Ford Motor Company and the Harry Burns Hutchins Collegiate Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School in Ann Arbor. His practice areas include law reform,legal policy,regulation,oversight,and political law,with special emphasis on energy and the environment. His academic research and writing focus on administrative law,civil procedure,good government,and regulatory policy.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. CFPB's jurisdiction includes banks,credit unions,securities firms,payday lenders,mortgage-servicing operations,foreclosure relief services,debt collectors,and other financial companies operating in the United States. Since its founding,the CFPB has used technology tools to monitor how financial entities used social media and algorithms to target consumers.
Lisa Oudens Monaco is an American attorney,former federal prosecutor and national security official who has served as the 39th and current United States Deputy Attorney General since April 21,2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning,573 U.S. 513 (2014),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that the President of the United States cannot use his authority under the Recess Appointment Clause of the United States Constitution to appoint public officials unless the United States Senate is in recess and not able to transact Senate business. The Court held that the clause allows the president to make appointments during both intra-session and inter-session recesses but only if the recess is of sufficient length,and if the Senate is actually unavailable for deliberation,thereby limiting future recess appointments. The Court also ruled that any office vacancy can be filled during the recess,regardless of when it arose. The case arose out of President Barack Obama's appointments of Sharon Block,Richard Griffin,and Terence Flynn to the National Labor Relations Board and Richard Cordray as the director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Warren Neil Eggleston is an American lawyer who served as the White House Counsel under President Barack Obama. Eggleston was the fourth person to hold this post during the Obama administration.
Abid Riaz Qureshi is an American attorney. He is a partner in the Washington,D.C. office of the law firm Latham &Watkins. Qureshi is a former nominee to be a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
Leslie Ragon Caldwell is an American attorney,who served as the Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division of the United States Department of Justice from 2014 to 2017. She has spent the majority of her professional career handling federal criminal cases,as both a prosecutor and as defense attorney. Caldwell served as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Eastern District of New York from 1987 to 1998,after which she was recruited by then US Attorney Robert Mueller to serve as Chief of the Criminal Division and Chief of the Securities Fraud Section of the United States Attorney's office for the Northern District of California;she served from 1999 to 2002. In September 2017,she became a partner at the law firm of Latham &Watkins,in San Francisco,CA. In late 2022,Caldwell retired from her partnership at Latham &Watkins.
Sharon Block is an American attorney,government official,labor policy advisor and law professor who served during the Biden administration as the Associate Administrator delegated the duties of the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs from January 20,2021,to February 1,2022. During the Obama administration,Block served on the National Labor Relations Board and in the United States Department of Labor and the White House. She currently serves as a professor of practice and the executive director of the Labor and Worklife Program at Harvard Law School.
Andrew Strelka is an American attorney who served as the Senior Tax Counsel in the Biden-Harris White House. During the Obama administration,he served at the Internal Revenue Service and United States Department of Justice Tax Division where he was detailed to the White House Counsel’s Office. On September 8,2021,it was announced that Strelka had returned to his prior law firm,Latham &Watkins.
