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Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted criminals are to remain in prison for the rest of their lives or indefinitely until pardoned,paroled,or commuted to a fixed term. Crimes that warrant life imprisonment are usually violent and/or dangerous. Examples of crimes that result in life sentences are murder,torture,terrorism,child abuse resulting in death,rape,espionage,treason,drug trafficking,drug possession,human trafficking,severe fraud and financial crimes,aggravated criminal damage,arson,and hate crime,kidnapping,burglary,and robbery,piracy,aircraft hijacking,and genocide,crimes against humanity,war crimes,severe cases of child pornography,or any three felonies in the case of a three-strikes law.
Haley Reeves Barbour is an American attorney,politician,and lobbyist who served as the 63rd governor of Mississippi from 2004 to 2012. A member of the Republican Party,he previously served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 1997.
Lee Boyd Malvo,also known as John Lee Malvo,is an American convicted murderer who,along with John Allen Muhammad,committed a series of murders dubbed the D.C. sniper attacks over a three-week period in October 2002. Malvo was aged 17 during the span of the shootings. He was serving multiple life sentences at Red Onion State Prison in Virginia,a supermax prison. Muhammad was executed in 2009.
Clyde Kennard was an American Korean War veteran and civil rights leader from Hattiesburg,Mississippi. In the 1950s,he attempted several times to enroll at the all-white Mississippi Southern College to complete his undergraduate degree started at the University of Chicago. Although the United States Supreme Court had ruled in 1954 that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional,the college rejected him. Kennard was among the thousands of local activists in the 1940s and 1950s who pressed for their rights.
James Earl Graves Jr. is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
In the United States,life imprisonment is amongst the most severe punishments provided by law,depending on the state,and second only to the death penalty. According to a 2013 study,1 of every 2,000 inhabitants of the U.S. were imprisoned for life as of 2012.
William Lowe Waller Jr. is an American judge who served on the Supreme Court of Mississippi from 1998 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party,he was chief justice for his last decade in office. Waller was a candidate for the Republican nomination of Governor of Mississippi in the 2019 election,but was defeated by Lieutenant Governor Tate Reeves.
Graham v. Florida,560 U.S. 48 (2010),was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that juvenile offenders cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide offenses.
Carlton Wayne Reeves is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and chair of the United States Sentencing Commission.
Jamie and Gladys Scott,often referred to as the Scott sisters,are two African-American sisters who were convicted of orchestrating a 1993 armed robbery in Forest,Mississippi,after accomplices made a plea deal. Each sister received double life sentences,This sentence has been criticized as too severe by a number of civil rights activists and prominent commentators on the grounds that the sisters had no previous criminal record and the robbery netted no more than eleven dollars.
Allison Lynn Hartwell Eid is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. She previously served as an associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court.
Miller v. Alabama,567 U.S. 460 (2012),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders. The ruling applied even to those persons who had committed murder as a juvenile,extending beyond Graham v. Florida (2010),which had ruled juvenile life without parole sentences unconstitutional for crimes excluding murder.
Jeffrey B. Pine served as Attorney General of Rhode Island from 1993-1999. Since 1999 he has been in private practice as a trial lawyer in both criminal and civil litigation.
Montgomery v. Louisiana,577 U.S. 190 (2016),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that its previous ruling in Miller v. Alabama (2012),that a mandatory life sentence without parole should not apply to persons convicted of murder committed as juveniles,should be applied retroactively. This decision potentially affects up to 2,300 cases nationwide.
Joseph Ligon is an American convicted murderer and former prisoner. He was America's longest-serving prisoner who was convicted to a life sentence as a minor. At 15,he was found guilty of murder by association and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. After the US Supreme Court had ruled in 2016 that all juvenile life sentences without parole were retroactively unconstitutional,he was released in 2021,having spent 68 years in jail.
Richard L. Gabriel is an American lawyer and judge,who is an associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court. He previously served on the Colorado Court of Appeals from 2008 to 2015.
James D. Maxwell II is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi.
Bobby Bostic is an American writer who was sentenced to a term of 241 years. On December 12,1995,Bostic,aged 16,along with 18-year-old Donald Hutson robbed a group of people in Missouri at gunpoint,and shortly thereafter robbed and briefly detained a woman in her car. The pair were caught later that day. Hutson was offered a plea deal and accepted 30 years in prison. On the advice of family,Bostic declined the same offer and elected to go to trial. He was given a sentence of 241 years by Judge Evelyn Baker,making him eligible for parole when he is 112. Bostic was serving the longest sentence in Missouri given to a juvenile for non-homicide offenses.
Jones v. Mississippi,593 U.S. ___ (2021),was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the imposition of life sentences for juveniles. The Supreme Court had previously ruled in Miller v. Alabama in 2012 that mandatory life sentences without parole for juvenile offenders was considered cruel and unusual punishment outside of extreme cases of permanent incorrigibility,and made this decision retroactive in Montgomery v. Louisiana in 2016. In Jones,a juvenile offender who was 15 at the time of his offense,challenged his life sentence following Montgomery but was denied by the state. In a 6–3 decision with all six conservative justices upholding the life sentence without parole for Jones,the Court ruled that the states have discretionary ability to hold juvenile offenders to life sentences without parole without having to make a separate assessment of their incorrigibility.
Marsha Levick is a lawyer from Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,United States. She is a co-founder and Chief Legal Officer of the Juvenile Law Center and recognized as a leading expert in juvenile justice.
References
- 1 2 Editorial (February 24, 2011). "Court: Leslie King an excellent choice". The Clarion-Ledger . Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- 1 2 Schaefer, Ward (February 24, 2011). "Barbour Taps Leslie King for Supreme Court". Jackson Free Press . Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- ↑ "State of Mississippi Judiciary".
- ↑ Note, Recent Case: Supreme Court of Mississippi Affirms A Sentence of Life Without Parole For A Juvenile Offender , 132 Harv. L. Rev. 1756 (2019).
- ↑ Chandler v. State, 242So. 3d65 (Miss2018 (en banc).
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