This is a list of battles and campaigns between Mughal and Sikh armies, which started with the martyrdom of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev in 1606, on the orders of Jahangir. Guru Hargobind Sahib, the sixth Sikh guru, introduced the militarization to Sikhi. In response to his father's execution, he established the Akal Sena and fought several battles against the Mughal army and defeated them. Later, the ninth Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was also executed on the orders of Aurangzeb in 1675, after he refused to convert to Islam. Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and last human Sikh guru, started the Khalsa tradition and fought further battles against the Mughals and their allies. Before Guru Gobind Singh's passing in 1708, he appointed his newly converted Sikh, Banda Singh Bahadur as the leader of the Khalsa Fauj and ordered him to go fight in Punjab. Banda Singh Bahadur fought further battles against the Mughal's and their allies and established the first Khalsa Rule in 1710 but was captured in 1715 and executed in 1716. After this, the Sikhs later reorganized themselves into Misls creating the Dal Khalsa which fought further battles against the Mughals under the leadership of Nawab Kapur Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and other Misl leaders. The Dal Khalsa was victorious in the last major battle in 1783 with a few smaller fights happening until the conflict ended in 1788. The Sikhs were victorious against the Mughals and consolidated rule over Punjab.
The Mughals and Shivalik Hill kings were forced to retreat and the Sikhs fought bravely along with Baba Ajit Singh and those Sikhs gained martyrdom excluding Baba Ajit Singh.
Seeing the complex situation in Malwa, Bahadur Shah asked Guru Gobind Singh for help. The Guru sent Bhai Dharam Singh to fight with 300 soldiers. Azam Shah killed by Guru Gobind Singh and Isha Khan Main.
Establishment of Sikh rule from Lahore to the sanctum sanctorum of Delhi
Sucha Nand killed by Banda Singh Bahadur and thousands of Mughal soldiers killed by Sikhs and those people who are involved in martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh younger sons (Saka Sirhind affair)
Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth and last human Sikh Guru. He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb. His father was the ninth Sikh Guru. His four biological sons died during his lifetime – two in battle and two executed by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan.
Khalsa refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith, as well as a special group of initiated Sikhs. The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh. Its formation was a key event in the history of Sikhism. The founding of Khalsa is celebrated by Sikhs during the festival of Vaisakhi.
The following outline is provides an overview of Sikhism, or Sikhi.
The Zafarnāma was a spiritual victory letter sent by Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to the Mughal Emperor of India, Aurangzeb, after the Battle of Chamkaur.
Dal Khalsa was the name of the combined military forces of 11 Sikh misls that operated in the 18th century (1748–1799) in the Punjab region. It was established by Nawab Kapur Singh in late 1740s.
Bhai Mani Singh was an 18th-century Sikh scholar and martyr. He was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh and took the vows of Sikhism when the Guru inaugurated the Khalsa in March 1699. Soon after that, the Guru sent him to Amritsar to take charge of Harmandir Sahib, which had been without a custodian since 1696. He took control and steered the course of Sikh destiny at a critical stage in Sikh history. He was also a teacher of the Gianian Bunga, later becoming known as the "Amritsari Taksal", currently located in Sato Ki Gali.
Daya Singh was one of the Panj Pyare, the first five Sikhs to be initiated into the Khalsa order in 17th-century India.
The Tat Khalsa, also romanised as Tatt Khalsa, known as the Akal Purkhias during the 18th century, was a Sikh faction that arose from the schism following the passing of Guru Gobind Singh in 1708, led by his widow Mata Sundari, opposed to the religious innovations of Banda Singh Bahadur and his followers. The roots of the Tat Khalsa lies in the official formalization and sanctification of the Khalsa order by the tenth Guru in 1699.
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 15th century and opposed many traditional practices like fasting, Upanayana, idolatry, caste system, ascetism, azan, economic materialism, and gender discrimination.
Bhai Sati Das along with his elder brother Bhai Mati Das were martyrs of early Sikh history. Bhai Sati Das, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Dyal Das were all executed at kotwali (police-station) in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi, under the express orders of emperor Aurangzeb just prior to the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bhai Sati Das was executed by the means of being wrapped in cotton wool soaked in oil and set on fire.
The Battle of Anandpur was fought at Anandpur, between the armies of the Sikh Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal forces aided by the Nawab of Bahawalpur state, Rajas of the Sivalik Hills.
The second siege of Anandpur, also known as the second battle of Anandpur (1704), was a siege at Anandpur, between Sikhs and the Mughal governors, dispatched by Aurangzeb, Wazir Khan, Dilwaar Kahn and Zaberdast Khan, and aided by the vassal Rajas of the Sivalik Hills which lasted from May 1704 to 19 December 1704.
Baba Jiwan Singh was a Sikh general and companion of Guru Gobind Singh.
Banda Singh Bahadur, was a Sikh warrior and a general of the Khalsa Army. At age 15, he left home to become an ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a monastery at Nānded, on the bank of the river Godāvarī. In 1707, Guru Gobind Singh accepted an invitation to meet Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I in southern India, he visited Banda Singh Bahadur in 1708. Banda became disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was given a new name, Gurbaksh Singh(as written in Mahan Kosh), after the baptism ceremony. He is popularly known as Banda Singh Bahadur. He was given five arrows by the Guru as a blessing for the battles ahead. He came to Khanda, Sonipat and assembled a fighting force and led the struggle against the Mughal Empire.
Binod Singh, a Trehan Khatri and a descendant of Guru Angad, was an army man and disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was among few Sikhs who accompanied him to Nanded in 1706. In Budha Dal Chronicles, Guru Gobind Singh made Baba Binod Singh the head of the Khalsa.
The Battle of Basoli was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Sikhs.
The Battle of Shahi Tibbi was fought between the Khalsa led by Bhai Jiwan Singh and the Mughal Army led by Governor Wazir Khan. This battle was fought alongside the Battle of Sarsa.
The Hill States–Sikh wars, also known as the Sikh–Pahari Raja wars, was a set of battles and conflicts fought by the Sikhs and the rajas (kings) of the Hill States located in the Sivalik Hills.
The Battle of Anandpur was fought between the Sikh forces led by Guru Gobind Singh and the Hill State forces by Alim and Balia Chand. This was the first major battle fought after the formation of the Khalsa.
Alam Singh Nachna, also called Alim Singh, was a warrior in the army of Guru Gobind Singh, and was a Rajput turned Sikh. Sarup Das Bhalla of Mahima Prakash describes him as one of Guru Gobind Singh's constant and closest companions. He is also known for killing a lion single handedly.
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