The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
The treeshrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews and are not all arboreal.
- Family Tupaiidae
- Genus: Dendrogale
- Genus: Tupaia
- Golden-bellied treeshrew, T. chrysogasterVU [4]
- Striped treeshrew, T. dorsalisDD [5]
- Common treeshrew, T. glisLC [6]
- Slender treeshrew, T. gracilisLC [7]
- Horsfield's treeshrew, T. javanicaLC [8]
- Long-footed treeshrew, T. longipesLC [9]
- Pygmy treeshrew, T. minorLC [10]
- Painted treeshrew, T. pictaLC [11]
- Ruddy treeshrew, T. splendidulaLC [12]
- Large treeshrew, T. tanaLC [13]
- Family Ptilocercidae
The two species of colugos make up the order Dermoptera. They are arboreal gliding mammals found in Southeast Asia.
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
- Family Lorisidae
- Family Tarsiidae
- Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Genus: Macaca
- Crab-eating macaque, M. fascicularisVU [17]
- Heck's macaque, M. heckiVU
- Moor macaque, M. mauraEN
- Southern pig-tailed macaque, M. nemestrinaVU
- Celebes crested macaque, M. nigraCR
- Gorontalo macaque, M. nigrescensVU
- Booted macaque, M. ochreataVU
- Pagai Island macaque, M. pagensisCR
- Siberut macaque, M. siberuVU
- Tonkean macaque, M. tonkeanaVU
- Genus: Nasalis
- Genus: Presbytis
- Black-and-white langur, P. bicolorDD
- Sarawak surili, P. chrysomelasCR
- Javan surili, P. comataEN
- Miller's langur, P. canicrusEN
- White-fronted surili, P. frontataVU
- Hose's langur, P. hoseiVU
- Black-crested Sumatran langur, P. melalophosEN
- Mitered langur, P. mitrataEN
- Natuna Island surili, P. natunaeVU
- East Sumatran banded langur, P. percuraDD
- Mentawai langur, P. potenzianiEN
- Maroon leaf monkey, P. rubicundaLC
- Saban grizzled langur, P. sabanaEN
- White-thighed surili, P. siamensisNT
- Siberut langur, P. siberuEN
- Black Sumatran langur, P. sumatranaEN
- Thomas's langur, P. thomasiVU
- Genus: Simias
- Genus: Trachypithecus
- Family Hylobatidae (gibbons)
- Family Hominidae
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Family Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Family Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Family Spalacidae
- Family Muridae
- Genus: Anisomys
- Genus: Baiyankamys
- Genus: Bandicota
- Genus: Berylmys
- Genus: Bunomys
- Genus: Chiropodomys
- Genus: Coccymys
- Genus: Coryphomys
- Genus: Echiothrix
- Genus: Eropeplus
- Genus: Haeromys
- Genus: Hydromys
- Genus: Hyomys
- Genus: Kadarsanomys
- Genus: Komodomys
- Genus: Lenomys
- Genus: Lenothrix
- Genus: Leopoldamys
- Genus: Lorentzimys
- Genus: Mallomys
- Genus: Mammelomys
- Genus: Margaretamys
- Genus: Maxomys
- Bartels's spiny rat, Maxomys bartelsii
- Dollman's spiny rat, Maxomys dollmani
- Hellwald's spiny rat, Maxomys hellwaldii
- Sumatran spiny rat, Maxomys hylomyoides
- Musschenbroek's spiny rat, Maxomys musschenbroekii
- Fat-nosed spiny rat, Maxomys inflatus
- Chestnut-bellied spiny rat, Maxomys ochraceiventer
- Pagai spiny rat, Maxomys pagensis
- Rajah spiny rat, Maxomys rajah
- Red spiny rat, Maxomys surifer
- Watts's spiny rat, Maxomys wattsi
- Whitehead's spiny rat, Maxomys whiteheadi
- Genus: Melasmothrix
- Genus: Melomys
- Dusky mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys aerosus
- Bannister's rat, Melomys bannisteri
- Yamdena mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys cooperae
- Manusela mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys fraterculus
- Snow Mountains grassland mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys frigicola
- Seram long-tailed mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys fulgens
- Riama mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys howi
- White-bellied mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys leucogaster
- Papua grassland mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys lutillus
- Obi mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys obiensis
- Pavel's Seram mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys paveli
- Black-tailed mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys rufescens
- Short-tailed Talaud mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys caurinus
- Long-tailed Talaud mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys talaudium
- Genus: Microhydromys
- Genus: Mus
- Genus: Nesoromys
- Genus: Niviventer
- Genus: Papagomys
- Genus: Parahydromys
- Genus: Paraleptomys,
- Genus: Paramelomys
- Genus: Paruromys
- Genus: Paulamys
- Genus: Pithecheir
- Genus: Pithecheirops
- Genus: Pogonomelomys
- Genus: Pogonomys
- Genus: Pseudohydromys
- Genus: Rattus
- Sunburned rat, Rattus adustus DD
- Annandale's rat, Rattus annandalei LC
- Vogelkop mountain rat, Rattus arfakiensis DD
- Ricefield rat, Rattus argentiventer LC
- Western New Guinea mountain rat, Rattus arrogans LC
- Aceh rat, Rattus blangorum DD
- Bonthain rat, Rattus bontanus VU
- Sula rat, Rattus elaphinus VU
- Enggano rat, Rattus enganus
- Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans
- Spiny Ceram rat, Rattus feliceus VU
- Hainald's rat, Rattus hainaldi EN
- Hoffmann's rat, Rattus hoffmanni LC
- Hoogerwerf's rat, Rattus hoogerwerfi VU
- Japen rat, Rattus jobiensis NT
- Koopman's rat, Rattus koopmani NT
- Korinch's rat, Rattus korinchi LC
- Mentawai rat, Rattus lugens LC
- Opossum rat, Rattus marmosurus LC
- Little soft-furred rat, Rattus mollicomulus VU
- Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat, Rattus morotaiensis LC
- Himalayan field rat, Rattus nitidus
- Brown rat, R. norvegicusLC introduced [23]
- Arianus's rat, Rattus omichlodes
- Peleng rat, Rattus pelurus
- Large New Guinea spiny rat, Rattus praetor LC
- Black rat, Rattus rattus
- Glacier rat, Rattus richardsoni VU
- Southeastern xanthurus rat, Rattus salocco DD
- Simalur rat, Rattus simalurensis LC
- Stein's rat, Rattus steini LC
- Tanezumi rat, Rattus tanezumi LC
- Timor rat, Rattus timorensis DD
- Malayan field rat, Rattus tiomanicus LC
- Slender rat, Rattus verecundus LC
- Yellow-tailed rat, Rattus xanthurus LC
- Genus: Sommeromys
- Genus: Spelaeomys
- Genus: Sundamys
- Genus: Taeromys
- Genus: Tateomys
- Genus: Uromys
- Genus: Xenuromys
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Order Eulipotyphla (shrews, moles, and hedgehogs)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Genus: Chimarrogale
- Genus: Crocidura
- Kinabalu shrew, Crocidura baluensis
- Batak shrew, Crocidura batakorum
- Beccari's shrew, Crocidura beccarii
- Thick-tailed shrew, Crocidura brunnea
- Elongated shrew, Crocidura elongata
- Bornean shrew, Crocidura foetida
- Hill's shrew, Crocidura hilliana
- Hutan shrew, Crocidura hutanis
- Jenkins' shrew, Crocidura jenkinsi
- Sulawesi shrew, Crocidura lea
- Sumatran giant shrew, Crocidura lepidura
- Sulawesi tiny shrew, Crocidura levicula
- Malayan shrew, Crocidura malayana
- Javanese shrew, Crocidura maxi
- Sunda shrew, Crocidura monticola
- Mossy forest shrew, Crocidura musseri
- Peninsular shrew, Crocidura negligens
- Black-footed shrew, Crocidura nigripes
- Oriental shrew, Crocidura orientalis
- Sumatran long-tailed shrew, Crocidura paradoxura
- Crocidura phanluongi
- Sulawesi white-handed shrew, Crocidura rhoditis
- Timor shrew, Crocidura tenuis
- Banka shrew, Crocidura vosmaeri
- Genus: Suncus
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae (megabats)
- Genus: Acerodon
- Genus: Aethalops
- Genus: Aproteles
- Genus: Balionycteris
- Genus: Chironax
- Genus: Cynopterus
- Genus: Dobsonia
- Genus: Dyacopterus
- Genus: Eonycteris
- Genus: Harpyionycteris
- Genus: Macroglossus
- Genus: Megaerops
- Genus: Neopteryx
- Genus: Nyctimene
- Genus: Paranyctimene
- Genus: Penthetor
- Genus: Pteropus
- Black flying fox, Pteropus alecto LC
- Silvery flying fox, Pteropus argentatus
- Aru flying fox, Pteropus aruensis
- Ashy-headed flying fox, Pteropus caniceps
- Moluccan flying fox, Pteropus chrysoproctus
- Spectacled flying fox, Pteropus conspicillatus
- Gray flying fox, Pteropus griseus
- Small flying fox, Pteropus hypomelanus
- Kei flying fox, Pteropus keyensis
- Lombok flying fox, Pteropus lombocensis
- Big-eared flying fox, Pteropus macrotis
- Black-bearded flying fox, Pteropus melanopogon
- Black-eared flying fox, Pteropus melanotus
- Great flying fox, Pteropus neohibernicus
- Ceram fruit bat, Pteropus ocularis
- Masked flying fox, Pteropus personatus
- Geelvink Bay flying fox, Pteropus pohlei
- Philippine gray flying fox, Pteropus speciosus
- Temminck's flying fox, Pteropus temmincki
- Large flying fox, Pteropus vampyrus
- Genus: Rousettus
- Genus: Styloctenium
- Genus: Syconycteris
- Genus: Thoopterus
- Family Rhinopomatidae
- Family Megadermatidae (false vampire bats)
- Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Acuminate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus acuminatus
- Intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis
- Arcuate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus arcuatus
- Bornean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus borneensis
- Canut's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus canuti
- Sulawesi horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus celebensis
- Creagh's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus creaghi
- Broad-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryotis
- Insular horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus keyensis
- Blyth's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus
- Woolly horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus luctus
- Big-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus macrotis
- Madura horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus madurensis
- Smaller horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus
- Neriad horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus nereis NT
- Large-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus philippinensis NT
- Least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus LC
- Lesser woolly horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sedulus
- Lesser brown horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus stheno LC
- Trefoil horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus trifoliatus LC
- Family Hipposideridae
- Genus: Aselliscus
- Genus: Coelops
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Dusky roundleaf bat, Hipposideros ater LC
- Bicolored roundleaf bat, Hipposideros bicolor LC
- Short-headed roundleaf bat, Hipposideros breviceps VU
- Spurred roundleaf bat, Hipposideros calcaratus LC
- Fawn leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros cervinus LC
- Ashy roundleaf bat, Hipposideros cineraceus LC
- Telefomin roundleaf bat, Hipposideros corynophyllus VU
- Timor roundleaf bat, Hipposideros crumeniferus DD
- Diadem leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros diadema LC
- Borneo roundleaf bat, Hipposideros doriae NT
- Dayak roundleaf bat, Hipposideros dyacorum LC
- Cantor's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros galeritus LC
- Crested roundleaf bat, Hipposideros inexpectatus
- Intermediate roundleaf bat, Hipposideros larvatus LC
- Big-eared roundleaf bat, Hipposideros macrobullatus
- Maduran leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros madurae
- Maggie Taylor's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros maggietaylorae
- Fly River roundleaf bat, Hipposideros muscinus
- Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros orbiculus
- Biak roundleaf bat, Hipposideros papua
- Peleng leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros pelingensis
- Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros sorenseni
- Sumba roundleaf bat, Hipposideros sumbae
- Wollaston's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros wollastoni
- Family Emballonuridae (sac-winged bats)
- Family: Nycteridae (slit-faced bats)
- Family: Molossidae (free-tailed bats)
- Family Vespertilionidae (vesper bats)
- Genus: Arielulus
- Genus: Falsistrellus
- Genus: Glischropus
- Genus: Harpiocephalus
- Genus: Hesperoptenus
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Genus: Kerivoula
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Genus: Murina
- Genus: Myotis
- Large-footed bat, Myotis adversus
- Peters's myotis, Myotis ater
- Hodgson's bat, M. formosusLC [28]
- Lesser large-footed bat, Myotis hasseltii
- Herman's myotis, Myotis hermani
- Horsfield's bat, Myotis horsfieldii
- Pallid large-footed myotis, Myotis macrotarsus
- Maluku myotis, Myotis moluccarum
- Burmese whiskered bat, Myotis montivagus
- Wall-roosting mouse-eared bat, Myotis muricola
- Ridley's bat, Myotis ridleyi
- Himalayan whiskered bat, Myotis siligorensis
- Kei myotis, Myotis stalkeri
- Genus: Nyctophilus
- Genus: Philetor
- Genus: Phoniscus
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Genus: Scotophilus
- Genus: Scotorepens
- Genus: Tylonycteris
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
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