| Mangang | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Red describe Mangang | |||
| Profile | |||
| Country | India | ||
| Region | Manipur | ||
| Ethnicity | Meetei | ||
| Chief | |||
| Mangang Iputhou | |||
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Mangang is one of the seven clans of Meetei, which is among the Yek [1] or Salai [2] people of Manipur. It consists of several Yumnaks which are native peoples of ancient Kangleipak (now Manipur), one of the states of India. [3] [4]
Meitei, officially known as Manipuri, is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur as well as one of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic, included in the 8th Schedule to the Indian Constitution. Native to the Meitei people, it is spoken by around 1.8 million people, predominantly in the state of Manipur, but also by smaller communities in the rest of the country and in parts of neighbouring Myanmar and Bangladesh. It was used as a court language in the historic Manipur Kingdom.
The Meitei people, Meetei people, or Manipuri people is an ethnic group native to Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak Meitei language, one of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic and the sole official language of Government of Manipur. The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meitei people in the neighboring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meitei ethnic group represents about 53% of Manipur's population.
The Meitei script, also known as the Meetei script, is an abugida used for the Meitei language, the official language of Manipur state and one of the 22 official languages of India. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. It is also popularly known as the Kanglei script and the Kok Sam Lai script. Its earliest known evidence of existence dates back to the 6th century AD coins, engraving the Meitei letters, as verified by the various publications of the National Sahitya Akademi. It was used until the 18th century, when it was replaced by the Bengali alphabet. A few manuscripts survive. In the 20th century, the script has experienced a resurgence, and is again being used. Starting from 2021, Meitei script was officially used by the Government of Manipur, along with the Bengali-Assamese script, to write the Meitei language, as per "The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021".
Sanamahism or Meiteism or Lainingthouism, is an ethnic religion of the Meitei people of Kangleipak in Northeast India. It is a polytheistic religion and is named after God Lainingthou Sanamahi, one of the most important deities of the Meitei faith. Sanamahi is the eldest son of the supreme god Yaibirel Sidaba and the supreme goddess Leimarel Sidabi. Traditionally every Meitei household, irrespective of the religion, worships Sanamahi and Leimarel Sidabi. The importance of Sanamahi in the religion is also emphasized in the name itself which means Liquid Gold. Sanamahism does not have a religious head but has a body, Maru Loishang that oversees the main religious activities and govern all affairs pertaining to the religion including conducts of priest and priestess. The Maru Loishang also acts a court for religious disputes. There are three main departments under the Pandit Loishang, namely, the Amaiba Loishang, the Pena Asheiba Loishang and the Amaibi Loishang. These departments have existed since the reign of King Meidingu Hongnemyoi Khunjao Naothingkhong of Manipur in 662 AD.
Huiyen Lallong is a traditional Meitei martial art form. It is one of the Indian martial arts, originating from Manipur. In the Meitei language, Huiyen means war while Lallong or Lanlong can mean net, knowledge or art. Huiyen Langlon consists of two main subforms: Thang-Ta and Sarit Sarak. The primary weapons of Huiyen Lallong are the Thang (sword) and Ta (spear). The spear can be used in its non-missile form while up close, or thrown from afar. Other weapons include the shield and the axe. Unarmed combat incorporates hand strikes, kicks, and grappling (Mukna). Because of Manipur's cultural similarity and geographical proximity with Myanmar, huyen langlon is closely related to Burmese bando and banshay.
The history of Manipur is reflected by archaeological research, mythology and written history. The Kangleipak State developed under King Loiyumba with its first written constitution in the early 12th century. Manipur under the 18th-century king Pamheiba saw the legendary burning of sacred scripture.
In Meetei society, the sagei or family name is known as Yumnak in Meetei Language. Pronounced "yoom-naak". Ethnic yumnaks are used in the Meetei /Meitei community including the Meitei Pangal and Meitei Bamon. The Meitei community lie largely in the Northeast India, mainly in Manipur, Next in Assam, Tripura and a few in Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya. Some live in Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Luwang is one of the seven clans of the Meitei people. Luwang consists of several Yumnaks which are native peoples of ancient Kangleipak, one of the States of India.
Angom is one of the seven clans of the Meitei people, and as such speak the Meitei language. Angom consists of several Yumnaks which are native peoples of ancient Kangleipak, now Manipur state of India.
Moilang or Moirang is one of the seven clans of the Meitei people. Moirang consists of many several Yumnaks which are native peoples of ancient Kangleipak, one of the states of India. Moirang clan is considered most rich clan in terms of culture as reflected in Khamba and Thoibi.
kha Nganpa or Kha Nganba is one of the seven clans of the Meitei people.
Salai Leishangthem or Salang Leishangthem or Chenglei or Sarangthem Leishangthem is one of the seven clans of the Meitei people. Salai Leishangthem consists of many several Yumnaks which are native peoples of ancient Kangleipak, one of the states of India.
The Wakoklon Heelel Thilen Salai Amailon Pukok Puya, shortly known as the Wakoklon, is one of the oldest scriptures (puyas) in Sanamahism, the Meetei religion of Ancient Kangleipak. It is verified that it was written in 1398 BC by the National Archives, New Delhi. The text is considered by the people and the Government of Manipur as the source of the Kanglei Eeyek. The Wakoklon recommends only 18 letters to be used in the Meetei writing system. One of the most important lines written in the text is "Konsen Tuleisengpa Sana Ee Mahi". The text also mentions about the ancestral rituals to please the deities.
Yek also known as Salai are the collective of clans of the native people of Kangleipak (Manipur).The natives included among the yek include Anal, Tangkhul, Mao, Maring, Kabui, Chothe, Purum, Khoibu, and Kharam. The clan names come from various dialects and surnames but mean the same thing. All natives of Kangleipak are included in the 7 major yek or parent clan. It may be noted that the term Hao used to mean tribes by Meitei people may be the common name of the native of Manipur Kingdom as both Meitei and various other hao share deep similarity in culture and tradition.
Miss Meetei Chanu or Miss Meitei Chanu is an international annual beauty pageant that is run by the Manipur based Lainingthou Sanamahi Sana Pung (LSSP). The event aims to make Meitei women understand the culture and tradition of Sanamahism. It is one of the most watched beauty pageants in North East India. It co-exists with Miss Manipur, Femina Miss India Manipur and Miss Kangleipak.
Kshetrimayum is a Meitei ethnic family name (surname). It is a Meitei yumnak. Its literal meaning is “House of Kshatriya”. This surname was given to the descendants of Hindu Kshatriyas, coming from outside Manipur and who first started settling down in Manipur during the reign of king Chalamba and king Gambhir. They were originally Brahmakshatriya from north-eastern part of Karnataka and western Orissa, some of these people migrated to Manipur in the above said time, subsequently settled and got absorbed into Meitei society. This surname does not belong to any Yek Salais since Yek Salais were already formed during the reign of Pakhangba well before their arrival in Manipur. Notable people with this family name are:
Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation (DLPI) is a directorate of the Government of Manipur in charge of the language planning and the implementation of policies of Meitei language as well as other indigenous vernaculars of Manipur.
The social movement of Meitei language to attain linguistic purism is advocated by literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar and Northeast India.
The Meitei Manipuri philosophy or Kanglei Meetei philosophy refers to the philosophical traditions of Ancient Manipur. In 15th century BC, the Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya, one of the foremost and the oldest Meitei scriptures based on the antique philosophical traditions, was written in Ancient Manipur. It is the basis of the ideology of Sanamahism, the precursor to Meitei religion. In early notions, the ideology of the creation myth has strong connection with the shapes and figures of the Meitei numerals and Meitei script letters. The philosophical norms are inscribed in the massive materials of many ancient Meitei chronicles.
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