Mina Benson Hubbard

Last updated
Mina Benson Hubbard
Mina Hubbard 1905.jpg
Mina Benson Hubbard, A winter picnic ca. 1901 (courtesy of Betty Cawkill Ellis)
BornApril 15, 1870
DiedMay 4, 1956(1956-05-04) (aged 86)
Nationality Canadian
Occupationexplorer

Mina Benson Hubbard (April 15, 1870 - May 4, 1956) was a Canadian explorer and was the first white woman to travel and explore the back-country of Labrador. [1] The Nascaupee and George River system were first accurately mapped by her in 1905. [2] She was the wife of Leonidas Hubbard who was famous for his ill-fated expedition to Labrador in 1903.

Contents

Early life

Mina Adelaine Benson was born on an apple farm near Bewdley, Ontario. Her father was James Benson, an Irish immigrant, and her mother was Jane Wood, from England. She was the seventh of eight children and received a primary education in the village school before teaching in Cobourg for two years. [3]

After graduating as a nurse in 1899 from the Brooklyn Training School for Nurses, [2] she went to work in a small hospital in Staten Island, New York, United States. In 1900, she nursed the journalist Leonidas Hubbard whilst he was hospitalized with typhus. They married on January 31, 1901.

Expedition

Following her husband's ill-fated expedition to Labrador in 1903, Hubbard asked a surviving member of the party, Dillon Wallace, to record the experience as a memorial to her husband. His published book, Lure of the Labrador Wild was a commercial success in America, but Hubbard was not satisfied, coming to believe that Wallace was responsible for the death of her husband and that her husband's reputation had been blemished by Wallace's book. [4]

In 1905, whilst Wallace was planning to mount a new expedition to complete the goal of 1903, Hubbard put together a team of her own to do the same thing in a bid to clear her husband's name. [4] Consisting of the same George Elson who had been on the earlier expedition, along with two Cree Indians who had taken part in the unsuccessful rescue attempt in 1903, Hubbard's team left Northwest River on June 27, [2] the same day as the Wallace expedition. [2] The press branded it a race and it received considerable attention in the news. The two parties never communicated before or during the expedition.

The 576-mile trip was an efficient, well organised trek through the Labrador wilderness, completed on schedule, [4] despite weather delays at the beginning of August when they reached the watershed at Lake Michikamau. [2] The expedition arrived at the George River post on Ungava Bay on 29 August, [4] some seven weeks before Wallace. [5]

In 43 days of travelling, the Hubbard expedition confirmed that the Nascaupee, Seal Lake, and Lake Michikamau were in the same drainage basin and that the Northwest River and the Nascaupee were, in fact, the same. In addition, Hubbard made extensive notes on the topography, geology, flora, and fauna of this unknown wilderness. [2] She named the source of the George River, Lake Hubbard after her husband. [6]

Her book, A Woman's Way Through Unknown Labrador, and her diaries provide descriptions of her encounters with the Naskapi and Montagnais Indians, and of the last great herds of Labrador's caribou. [4]

Later life

The Wabe, Redington Road, Hampstead, London NW3 66 Redington Road, NW3.jpg
The Wabe, Redington Road, Hampstead, London NW3

After the trip, Hubbard carried out a lecture tour of England, where, in 1908, she met and married Harold Ellis, a businessman and the son of John Ellis, MP, and his wife Maria.

The couple lived at Wrea Head Hall at first, but in 1913, they purchased The Wabe, a large detached house in Hampstead, London, from its designer and original owner, the academic and mathematician William Garnett. [7] [8]

Together they had three children but divorced in 1926. [9]

She returned to Canada in 1936 to accompany George Elson on a canoe trip down the Moose River in northern Ontario. [4]

Hubbard died in Coulsdon, United Kingdom, in 1956 at the age of 86, when she was hit by a train while crossing railway tracks. [10]

Mina Benson Hubbard Ellis was designated a National Historic Person in 2018. [11]

Bibliography

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Congers, New York</span> Census-designated place in New York, United States

Congers is a suburban hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Clarkstown, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Valley Cottage, east of New City, across Lake DeForest, south of Haverstraw, and west of the Hudson River. It lies 19 miles (31 km) north of New York City's Bronx boundary. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,532.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beothuk</span> Indigenous people of Newfoundland

The Beothuk were a group of indigenous people who lived on the island of Newfoundland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll</span> British princess, daughter of Queen Victoria (1848–1939)

Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, was the sixth child and fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1903 in Canada</span>

Events from the year 1903 in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North West River</span> Town in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

North West River is a small town located in central Labrador. Established in 1743 as a trading post by French Fur Trader Louis Fornel, the community later went on to become a hub for the Hudson's Bay Company and home to a hospital and school serving the needs of coastal Labrador. North West River is the oldest modern settlement in Labrador.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George River (Quebec)</span> River in Quebec, Canada.

George River, formerly the East or George's River, is a river in northeastern Quebec, Canada, that flows from Lake Jannière mainly north to Ungava Bay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leonidas Hubbard</span> American journalist and adventurer

Leonidas Hubbard Jr. was an American journalist and adventurer.

Indian Harbour is a former settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Neil Diamond is a Cree-Canadian filmmaker born and raised in Waskaganish, Quebec. Working with Rezolution Pictures, Diamond has directed the documentary films Reel Injun, The Last Explorer, One More River, Heavy Metal: A Mining Disaster in Northern Quebec and Cree Spoken Here, along with three seasons of DAB IYIYUU, a series for the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network about Cree elders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Hart (Canadian author)</span> Canadian author (1935–2019)

Margaret Eleanor Anne Hart was a Canadian author who specialized in biographies. She was best known for her Agatha Christie character biographies: The Life and Times of Miss Jane Marple and The Life and Times of Hercule Poirot, and for her role as head of the Centre for Newfoundland Studies from 1976 until her retirement on January 1, 1998. In 2004, Hart was made a Member of the Order of Canada for her "lasting contributions to the cultural life of her province."

Michikamau Lake, in Labrador, Canada, was absorbed into Smallwood Reservoir upon the completion of the Churchill Falls Generating Station in 1974. The lake makes up the largest part of the eastern section of the reservoir, while Lobstick Lake, also absorbed in Smallwood's creation, makes up the largest part of the western section. The lake is up to 84 meters deep https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/f74-125 Reaching the lake was the goal of an expedition by Leonidas Hubbard, Dillon Wallace, and George Elson described in Wallace's memoir, The Lure Of The Labrador Wild.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dillon Wallace</span>

Dillon Wallace (1863-1939) was an American lawyer, outdoorsman, author of non-fiction, fiction and magazine articles. His first book, The Lure of the Labrador Wild (1905) was a best-seller, as were many of his later books.

Kirkina Mucko also known as Elizabeth Mukko, (1890-1970) was a Canadian Inuit nurse and midwife. Having lost her legs as a child, and possibly her parents, she was raised in a series of mission homes, hospitals and boarding schools. Returning from abroad around 1908, she worked at the Grenfell Mission in Labrador. After losing family members in the 1918 flu pandemic, Mucko trained as a nurse and midwife, providing services for her community until her later years. A women's shelter in Rigolet has been named in her honor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Wabe</span> Historic house on Redington Road, Hampstead, London, built in 1902–1903

The Wabe is an architecturally eclectic detached house on Redington Road, Hampstead, London, built in 1902–1903 for the academic and mathematician William Garnett. It was subsequently the home of the Canadian explorer Mina Hubbard and her husband, and later of the actor Tom Conti and his wife.

Henry Locke Paddon was a British doctor and medical missionary in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naskaupi River</span> River in Canada

The Naskaupi River is the second largest river in Labrador, Canada. Its drainage basin lies north of that of Labrador's longest river, the Churchill River. Like the Churchill River, it drains into the western end of the estuary known as Lake Melville.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Jobe Akeley</span> American explorer, author, photographer

Mary Jobe Akeley was an American explorer, author, mountaineer, and photographer. She undertook expeditions in the Canadian Rockies and in the Belgian Congo. She worked at the American Museum of Natural History creating exhibits featuring taxidermy animals in realistic natural settings. Akeley worked on behalf of conservation efforts, including her advocating for the creation of game preserves. She founded Camp Mystic, an outdoor camp for girls.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John McLean (explorer)</span>

John McLean was a Scotsman who emigrated to British North America, where he became a fur-trapper, trader, explorer, grocer, banker, newspaperman, clerk, and author. He travelled by foot and canoe from the Atlantic to the Pacific and back, becoming one of the chief traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. He is remembered as the first person of European descent to discover Churchill Falls on Canada's Churchill River and sometimes mistakenly credited as the first to cross the Labrador Peninsula. Long overlooked, his first-person accounts of early 19th-century fur trading in Canada are now valued by historians. Under the pen name Viator, his letters to newspapers around Canada also helped shift public opinion away from yielding the western territories to the United States during the Alabama Claims dispute over damages for British involvement in the American Civil War.

Maria, the youngest daughter of Quaker John Rowntree, a grocer in Scarborough, and Jane Priestman.

Martha Craig was an explorer, writer and lecturer on scientific theories from Ireland. She was considered to be the first European woman to explore the Labrador region of Canada, assisted by indigenous guides in 1905. She claimed to have been made a princess by "the Indian chiefs" of Labrador, and lectured in the US, Canada and Europe as 'Princess Ye-wa-ga-no-nee'. She wrote and lectured on her scientific theories based on her observations in Labrador and her belief in reincarnation. She was invited to meet US President McKinley and was the first woman to lecture in the University of Salamanca. She wrote poetry, non-fiction and science fiction books. Some of her poetry was published as Maeve Carrig and she may also have written under the pseudonym Mithra. In 2021, a plaque commemorating her was erected in her home town of Gleno, Co Antrim.

References

  1. Max Finkelstein, James Stone (2004) Paddling the Boreal Forest: Rediscovering A.P. Low page 16 Dundurn. ISBN   1770706682 Retrieved 24 February 2015
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hodgins, Bruce W.; Hobbs, Margaret (1987). Nastawgan: The Canadian North by Canoe and Snowshoe. Dundurn. pp. 125–128. ISBN   9780969078340 . Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  3. Bouchard, S. & Verdon, R (2009) Mina Hubbard: Remarkable forgotten Retrieved December 2009
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Richard Clarke Davis, ed. (1996). Lobsticks and Stone Cairns: Human Landmarks in the Arctic. University of Calgary Press. p. 292. ISBN   1895176883 . Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  5. Wendy Roy (2005) Maps of Difference: Canada, Women, and Travel page 91, McGill–Queen's University Press ISBN   0773528660 Retrieved 24 February 2015
  6. Wendy Roy (2005) Maps of Difference: Canada, Women, and Travel page 94, McGill–Queen's University Press ISBN   0773528660 Retrieved 24 February 2015
  7. "Heritage & Lifestyle". Wrea Head Hall. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  8. Frankie Crossley. "Welcome to Wonderland: the £15 million home with a curious history - Hampstead & Highgate Property". Hamhigh.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
  9. Hubbard 2005, p. 308.
  10. Hubbard 2005, p. 432.
  11. Government of Canada Announces New National Historic Designations, Parks Canada news release, January 12, 2018

Further reading