Monohydroxybenzoic acid

Last updated April 25, 2019

Monohydroxybenzoic acid may refer to any of three isomeric phenolic acids:

In chemistry, isomers are ions or molecules with identical formulas but distinct structures. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties. Two main forms of isomerism are structural isomerism and stereoisomerism.

Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are types of aromatic acid compound. Included in that class are substances containing a phenolic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function. Two important naturally occurring types of phenolic acids are hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, which are derived from non-phenolic molecules of benzoic and cinnamic acid, respectively.

Salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid)
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (m-hydroxybenzoic acid)
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic acid)

Salicylic acid (from Latin salix, willow tree) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, and a beta hydroxy acid (BHA). It has the formula C₇H₆O₃. This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. It is derived from the metabolism of salicin. In addition to serving as an important active metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), which acts in part as a prodrug to salicylic acid, it is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products. The salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates.

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is primarily known as the basis for the preparation of its esters, known as parabens, which are used as preservatives in cosmetics and some ophthalmic solutions. It is isomeric with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, known as salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin, and with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Monohydroxybenzoic acids can be degraded by microbes.^[1]

Related Research Articles

Paraben class of chemical compounds; esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid

Parabens are a class of widely used preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Chemically, they are a series of parahydroxybenzoates or esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid. Parabens are effective preservatives in many types of formulas. These compounds, and their salts, are used primarily for their bactericidal and fungicidal properties. They are found in shampoos, commercial moisturizers, shaving gels, personal lubricants, topical/parenteral pharmaceuticals, suntan products, makeup, and toothpaste. They are also used as food preservatives.

Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Its formula is HO-C₆H₄-CO-O-CH₂CH₃. It is a member of the class of compounds known as parabens.

In enzymology, a 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.61) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a gallate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.59) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a gentisate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.62) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a protocatechuate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.63) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

4,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone chemical compound

4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone is an organic compound with the formula (HOC₆H₄)₂CO. This off-white solid is a precursor to or a degradation product of diverse commercial materials. It is a potential endocrine disruptor.

Bromoxynil is an organic compound with the formula HOBr2C6H2CN. It is classified as a nitrile herbicide, and as such sold under many trade names. It is a white solid. It works by inhibiting photosynthesis. It is moderately toxic to mammals.

Alchornea cordifolia is a shrub or small tree distributed throughout tropical Africa. The plant is used in traditional African medicine.

The molecular formula C₇H₆O₃ (molar mass: 138.12 g/mol, exact mass : 138.031694 u) may refer to:

Hydroxybenzoic acid may refer to several related chemical compounds:

2-Hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.85, xylG (gene), praB (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate:NAD⁺ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Agnuside is a chemical compound found in Vitex agnus-castus. Agnuside is the ester of aucubin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside is a glucoside of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It can be found in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruces.

Paroxypropione is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen which has been used medically as an antigonadotropin in Spain and Italy but appears to no longer be marketed. It was first synthesized in 1902. The antigonadotropic properties of the drug were discovered in 1951 and it entered clinical use shortly thereafter.

Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus is a bacteria that can make use of light or aromatic compounds for growth. It is brown coloured.

References

↑ Microbial Degradation of Monohydroxybenzoic Acids. Timmanagouda B. Karegoudar and Chi-Kyung Kim, The Journal of Microbiology, 38(2),53-61, 2000 Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine .

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[1] Microbial Degradation of Monohydroxybenzoic Acids. Timmanagouda B. Karegoudar and Chi-Kyung Kim, The Journal of Microbiology, 38(2),53-61, 2000 Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine .