National identity cards in the Organization of American States

National identity card
National identity card
	Examples of identity cards issued in Argentina and United States. ID cards does not necessarily have to have biometric chip.
Type	Identity card
Issued by	Organization of American States member states
Eligibility	Citizens of the Organization of American States
Size	ID-1

Last updated May 02, 2024

National identity cards are issued to their citizens by the governments of most Organization of American States (OAS) member states. The exceptions are Canada and the United States, although the latter issues a passport card which is a valid document in some countries.^[1]

Use

Travel document

As an alternative to presenting a passport, in some countries, due to bilateral agreements, citizens are entitled to use a valid national identity card as a stand-alone travel document to exercise their freedom of movement. Such arrangements include Mercosur,^[2] the CA-4 agreement,^[3] and the CARICOM passport.

Identification document

Usage in own country

There are varying rules on domestic use of identity documents. Some countries demand the use of a national identity card or a passport, while others allow for other documents like driver's licences.

In some countries, e.g. Canada, United States, Mexico and Dominica, national identity cards are fully voluntary and not needed by everyone, as identity documents like driving licences are accepted domestically. In these countries only a minority have a national identity card, since most people already have the other acceptable documents.

Even in those OAS countries that impose a national identity card requirement on their citizens, it is generally not required to carry these cards at all times.

Usage outside own country

Some countries allow freedom of movement of their citizens in other countries; in these cases, people may be able to use their national identity document. This arrangement is in place in Mercosur member states and associates,^[4] as well as members of CARICOM^[5] and CA-4.

Design and features

The design of the identity cards of OAS member states has changed over time. For example, Colombia's Cédula de Ciudadanía has developed in appearance and security measures against counterfeiting.^[6] In 2015, Uruguay added a biometric chip to its Documento de identidad (previously Cédula de identidad), except for minors.^[7] In 2023, Argentina started to issue a new Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI) with a new biometric chip.^[8]

Examples of identity cards issued by OAS states
United States
Uruguay
Colombia
Peru

Overview of national identity cards

Member states issue a variety of national identity cards which differ in their technical specifications and issuing procedures. In most cases, cards can be issued abroad through a country's consulate.

Member state	eID app	Front	Compulsory/optional	Cost	Validity	Issuing authority	Latest version
Antigua and Barbuda	No		The Antiguan and Barbudan national identity card is compulsory for voting as well as for different government transactions.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Argentina	NFC^[9]		National identity card compulsory for all Argentine citizens, as well foreign residents.	Free (For new-borns) ARS$3.000 for the rest ARS$6.000 (Foreigners)^[10]	15 years (After the 14 years update)	Renaper and Registro Civil	2023
Barbados	No		Optional, although compulsory for voting and other government transactions.^[11] New biometric national ID cards were released since June 2022.^[12]	$60^[13]	No data	No data	2023
Belize	No		Optional, although compulsory for voting and other government transactions. Available also for any Commonwealth country citizen who has lived in Belize for a year without leaving and been at least 2 months in an area where the person has been registered in. National ID cards received a new design in 2019.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]	No data	No data	No data	2019
Bolivia	No		Compulsory at 18, but rarely demanded by police.	Bs 17 (Physical) Bs 20 (Digital)	5 years (Up to 58 years of age in physical format) 2 years (Up to 58 years of age in digital format) Indefinite (Over 58 years of age and people with severe and very severe disabilities in both formats)	No data	2023
Brazil	No		Mandatory for all Brazilian citizens at the age of 18.	First copy: free Second copy: accordingly to federative unit issuer	No data	No data	2023
Canada	No	No national identity card. Canadian identity cards are issued by provinces.	Identity documentation is optional.
Chile	NFC^[18]		Normally this is first issued at age 2 or 3, but it can be issued whenever the legal ascendant(s) request its issue. It is compulsory at 18, when it has to be carried at all times.	CLP$$3820	10 Years	Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación de Chile	2013
Colombia	No		Cédula de Ciudadanía is compulsory at the age of 18, and from 31 July 2010, the only valid format is the yellow one. It has to be carried at all times and must be presented to police or the military upon their request.	COP$$63.050	10 Years	Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil	2020
Costa Rica	No		Every citizen immediately must carry an ID card after turning 18.	Free	10 Years	Registro Civil del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones	2023
Dominica	No		The Dominica national multpurpose identitification card is optional for all Dominiquais nationals and is valid for international travel within OECS countries.	No data	No data	No data
Dominican Republic	No		If needed, an underage ID card may be obtained at the age of 16, yet the official ID (which will allow the individual to vote) is obtained at 18.	Citizens: Free of charge Foreigners: DOP$3,000~6,000	Adults: 18 Years old Minors: 16 Years old	Junta Central Electoral	2014
Ecuador	NFC		Every citizen over 18 years must have a national identity card.	$10.00.	No data	No data	2021
El Salvador	No		Every citizen 18 years or older must carry this ID card.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Grenada	No		The Grenada Voter ID card is optional, although compulsory for certain governmental transactions.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Guatemala	No		The Guatemalan constitution requires personal identification via documentation, person rooting or the government. If the person cannot be identified, they may be sent to a judge until identification is provided.	GTQ 100	10 years	Registro Nacional de las Personas	2009
Guyana	No		The Guyanese national identity card is an electronic ID card, compulsory for all Guyanese nationals.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Haiti	No		The Haitian national identity card is an electronic ID card, compulsory for all Haitian nationals at the age of 18.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Honduras	No		The Honduran national identity card is an electronic ID card, compulsory for all Honduran nationals at the age of 18.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Jamaica	No		Optional, although compulsory for voting and other government transactions. Since 2022 a brand new biometric National ID Card has been unveiled, free of charge for Jamaican citizens.	Free	No data	No data	2022
Mexico	No	The National Electorate Institute (Instituto Nacional Electoral, INE) issues Voting Credential cards (credencial para votar) to Mexican citizens over 18 years of age. This card is required to participate in Federal level elections and while it is the de facto ID for most legal transactions, it is not mandatory to have one.	Identity documentation is optional.
Panama	No		Cedula de Identidad (National identity card) Cedula de Identidad. Required at 12 (cedula juvenil) and 18 years of age. Panamanian citizens must carry their Cedula at all times. New biometric national identity cards rolling out in 2019.	No data	No data	Tribunal electoral	2019
Peru	NFC^[19] EMV		National Document of Identification or Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI). Citizens can have a minor DNI but at the age of 17 they are encouraged to renew their DNI to get an Adult DNI. At 18, it is compulsory.	10 soles (renewal) 30 soles (DNI) 41 soles (DNIe)	No data	Tribunal electoral	2020
Saint Kitts and Nevis	No		The National Identity Cards are optional. Issued since 2010.	No data	No data	No data
Saint Lucia	No		Passport or Identity Card is compulsory for all Saint Lucian citizens.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	No		The identity card is compulsory.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Suriname	No		Compulsory for all Surinamese citizens.	No data	No data	No data	No data
Bahamas	No	No national identity card. Plans for introducing new identity cards were established in 2013, however no progress has been made so far. In 2022, the government announced ID cards would be rolled out in 2023.	Identity documentation is optional.
Trinidad and Tobago	No		The national identity card in Trinidad and Tobago is mandatory when voting. However, other forms can be presented of verifying the identity.	No data	No data	Elections and Boundaries Commission	No data
United States	No	The U.S. passport card is issued by the federal government via the Department of State upon voluntary request. The primary purpose of the passport card is used as a Federal issued Identity card and a limited travel document under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative for travel by land and sea, similar to the usage of national identity cards in the Schengen Area. However, passport cards are also conclusive proof of U.S. citizenship under federal law, accepted for domestic airline travel under the REAL ID Act, a List A document for Form I-9 purposes, and generally proof of identity/citizenship both inside and outside the United States. Despite this, the predominant and de facto method of identification remains the driver's license (or non-driver ID card) issued by each state, because driver's license is needed for driving, although these generally do not indicate citizenship or nationality. In many US states a valid ID is required for voting purposes only. It can be various different types of ID including a US Passport Card or Passport Book.	Identity documentation is optional.
Uruguay	NFC^[20] EMV^[21]		The Identity document (previously known as "Cédula de idenitdad"), are issued to all Uruguayan citizens and legal residents, Required for children older than 45-day. It is required for many things such as credit card transactions, age verification, etc.	No data	5 years (underage) 10 years (grown-up) never expires (over 68 years)	Dirección Nacional de Identificación Civil de Uruguay	2015
Venezuela	No		Compulsory for anyone 10 and older, and it must be renewed every 10 years.	Venezuelan citizens: free Foreign citizens: 4 Tax Units	10 years, counted from the date of issue	Servicio Administrativo de Identificación, Migración y Extranjería	No data

Related Research Articles

An identity document is any document that may be used to prove a person's identity. If issued in a small, standard credit card size form, it is usually called an identity card, or passport card. Some countries issue formal identity documents, as national identification cards that may be compulsory or non-compulsory, while others may require identity verification using regional identification or informal documents. When the identity document incorporates a person's photograph, it may be called photo ID.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brazilian identity card</span> National identity card of Brazil

The cédula de identidade is the official national identity document in Brazil. It is often informally called carteira de identidade, "RG" or simply identidade in Portuguese. The card contains the name of the bearer, filiation, place of birth, date of birth, signature and thumbprint of the bearer. Other national documents can legally be used as an identity card, such as a federative unit-issued driver's license, passport or, for minors, a birth certificate. Each card has a unique RG number. As of 11 January 2023, the CPF number will be used as the RG number on new identity cards.

The United States passport card is an optional national identity card and a travel document issued by the U.S. federal government in the size of a credit card. Like a U.S. passport book, the passport card is only issued to U.S. citizens and U.S. nationals exclusively by the U.S. Department of State. The passport card allows its holders to travel by domestic air flights within the U.S., and to travel by land and sea within North America. However, the passport card cannot be used for international air travel. US passport cards are used to verify identity and US citizenship. The requirements to attain the passport card are identical to the passport book and compliant to the standards for identity documents set by the REAL ID Act.

Argentine passport are issued to citizens of Argentina by the National Registry for People (ReNaPer). They were issued exclusively by the Argentine Federal Police up to 2011. Their primary use is to facilitate international travel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mexican passport</span> Passport of the United Mexican States issued to Mexican nationals

The Mexican passport is the passport issued to Mexican citizens for the purpose of travelling abroad. The Mexican passport is also an official ID and proof of Mexican citizenship. According to the January 2024 Henley Visa Restrictions Index, holders of a Mexican passport can visit 161 countries without a visa, placing Mexico in the 23^rd rank in terms of global travel freedom.

A Peruvian passport is a travel document issued to citizens of Peru with the purpose of identification and to travel outside the country. It is issued by the Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones, the Peruvian immigration and naturalization authority, which is part of the Ministry of the Interior. The Peruvian passport has the benefit of "visa free" status for member nations of the Andean Community and Mercosur, as well as several Central American nations.

The Colombian passport is a travel document which is issued to citizens of Colombia for the purpose of international travel. Since September 2015, a biometric passport has been issued, but the previously issued machine-readable passport can be used until its expiration date.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paraguayan passport</span>

Paraguayan passports are issued to Paraguayan citizens for travel outside of Paraguay. For traveling to full and associated member states of Mercosur, Paraguayan citizens can also use their civil identity cards.

A Chilean passport is an identity document issued to citizens of Chile to facilitate international travel. Chilean passports are valid for worldwide travel and facilitate the access to consular services whilst abroad. They are issued by the Registro Civil e Identificación.

A cédula de identidad (Spanish), also known as cédula de ciudadanía or Documento de identidad (DNI), is a national identity document in many countries in Central and South America. In certain countries, such as Costa Rica, a cédula de identidad is the only valid identity document for many purposes; for example, a driving license or passport is not valid to open a bank account. The term "cédula" may also colloquially refer to the number on the identity document.

The Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI) or carnet de identidad is a national identity document compulsory to all citizens of Spain aged fourteen and above. It has a personal, unique and exclusive identification number or número de DNI –made up of eight digits plus a control letter– that is assigned to the holder the first time he/she obtains the document and that keeps throughout his/her life as a general identifier.

Documento Nacional de Identidad or DNI, is the main identity document for Argentine citizens, as well as temporary or permanent resident aliens. It is issued at a person's birth, and must be updated at 8 and 14 years of age, and thereafter every 15 years. It takes the form of a card, and is required for voting, payments, military service inscriptions and formalities. They are issued by the National Registry of Persons (RENAPER).

The Portuguese identity card, is an identity document issued by the Government of Portugal to its citizens. The card replaces several previous documents, including the Bilhete de Identidade, Social Security card, National Health Service card, Taxpayer card and voter registration card, in one secure card. The Citizen Card was first issued in the Azores in mid-2006. However, as of 2017 BIs continued to be issued in some cases.

National identity cards are issued to their citizens by the governments of most European Economic Area (EEA) member states, with the exception of Denmark and Ireland. In the European Union, identity cards have been harmonized as a new common identity card model replaced the various formats in use on 2 August 2021.

Visitors to Argentina must obtain a visa from one of the Argentine diplomatic missions unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cédula de Identidad y Electoral</span> Dominican national identity card

The Dominican national identity card is a polycarbonate card containing the holder's full name, place of birth, date of birth, nationality, sex, civil status, occupation, polling station, and residential address, as well as a photograph that adheres to ISO/IEC 19794-5. The card can also optionally include the holder's blood type. Formerly, it included the holder's race.

The Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI) (Spanish for 'National Identity Document') is the only personal identity card recognized by the Peruvian Government for all civil, commercial, administrative, judicial acts and, in general, for all those cases in which, by legal mandate, it must be presented. It is a public document, personal, and non-transferable and also constitutes the only title of right to the suffrage of the person in whose favor it has been granted. Its issuance is in charge of the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC).

The Colombian Identity Card is the identity document issued to Colombian citizens by local registry offices in Colombia and diplomatic missions abroad to every Colombian person over 18 years of age, while for minors it is the "Tarjeta de Identidad”. This is the only valid identification document for all civil, political, administrative and judicial acts according to Colombian Law 39 of 1961. They are produced and issued by the National Civil Registry.

The Identification Document, also known as Cédula de identidad, is the compulsory Uruguayan identity document, issued by the Ministry of the Interior through the National Directorate of Civil Identification (DNIC).

References

↑ "Get a Passport Card". travel.state.gov. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ Dieguez, Julian. "1 – Circulación de Personas". MERCOSUR (in European Spanish). Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ "Migraciones El Salvador".
↑ "Cosas a tener en cuenta antes de viajar al exterior | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto". cancilleria.gob.ar. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ "FAQS". 29 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ "Historia de la identificación Colombiana".
↑ "Descripción técnica de Cédula de Identidad Digital". Agencia de Gobierno Electrónico y Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ "El Renaper lanza el nuevo DNI electrónico con chip que se adapta a los más altos estándares internacionales". Argentina.gob.ar (in Spanish). 1 December 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ "Nuevo DNI: qué documentos no servirán en 2024". www.ambito.com. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
↑ "Tarifario de trámites de Renaper". Argentina.gob.ar (in Spanish). 28 August 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ "National Registration". Barbados Integrated Government.
↑ "Registration for Trident ID Begins June 27". Barbados Government Information Service. 12 June 2022.
↑ "Registration Information | Electoral & Boundaries Commission" . Retrieved 16 March 2024.
↑ "Getting a New Belize ID Card and Closing Accounts". tacogirl.com. 7 August 2014.
↑ "Identification Card, John East (front)". A Belize Home for Us. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
↑ "Identification Card, John East (back)". A Belize Home for Us.
↑ "New Voter's ID ready for pick up on Ambergris Caye". The San Pedro Sun. 9 March 2019.
↑ Cabello, Daniel Fajardo (8 September 2015). "La tecnología de la nueva cédula está siendo subutilizada". La Tercera. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
↑ "¿Qué información importante guarda tu DNI electrónico?". www.americatv.com.pe. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
↑ "Información Técnica de Cédula de Identidad con chip". Agencia de Gobierno Electrónico y Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 March 2024.
↑ "Descripción técnica Documento de Identidad".

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[1] "Get a Passport Card". travel.state.gov. Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[2] Dieguez, Julian. "1 – Circulación de Personas". MERCOSUR (in European Spanish). Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[3] "Migraciones El Salvador".

[4] "Cosas a tener en cuenta antes de viajar al exterior | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto". cancilleria.gob.ar. Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[5] "FAQS". 29 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[6] "Historia de la identificación Colombiana".

[7] "Descripción técnica de Cédula de Identidad Digital". Agencia de Gobierno Electrónico y Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[8] "El Renaper lanza el nuevo DNI electrónico con chip que se adapta a los más altos estándares internacionales". Argentina.gob.ar (in Spanish). 1 December 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[9] "Nuevo DNI: qué documentos no servirán en 2024". www.ambito.com. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

[10] "Tarifario de trámites de Renaper". Argentina.gob.ar (in Spanish). 28 August 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[11] "National Registration". Barbados Integrated Government.

[12] "Registration for Trident ID Begins June 27". Barbados Government Information Service. 12 June 2022.

[13] "Registration Information | Electoral & Boundaries Commission" . Retrieved 16 March 2024.

[14] "Getting a New Belize ID Card and Closing Accounts". tacogirl.com. 7 August 2014.

[15] "Identification Card, John East (front)". A Belize Home for Us. Retrieved 6 February 2024.

[16] "Identification Card, John East (back)". A Belize Home for Us.

[17] "New Voter's ID ready for pick up on Ambergris Caye". The San Pedro Sun. 9 March 2019.

[18] Cabello, Daniel Fajardo (8 September 2015). "La tecnología de la nueva cédula está siendo subutilizada". La Tercera. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

[19] "¿Qué información importante guarda tu DNI electrónico?". www.americatv.com.pe. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

[20] "Información Técnica de Cédula de Identidad con chip". Agencia de Gobierno Electrónico y Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 March 2024.

[21] "Descripción técnica Documento de Identidad".

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