1833 map of Coahuila and Texas; Austin's Colony is the large pink area in the southeast.
The "Old Three Hundred" were 297 grantees who purchased 307 parcels of land from Stephen Fuller Austin in Mexican Texas. Each grantee was head of a household, or, in some cases, a partnership of unmarried men. Austin was an American approved in 1822 by Mexico as an empresario for this effort, after the nation had gained independence from Spain. By 1825 the colony had a population of 1,790, including 443 enslaved African Americans.[1] Because the Americans believed they needed enslaved workers, Austin negotiated with the Mexican government to gain approval, as the new nation was opposed to slavery. Mexico abolished it in 1837.
American Moses Austin was authorized as an empresario by Joaquín de Arredondo of Spain to create a colony of Americans in Texas, which was lightly populated, as a bulwark against the native Comanche people. Before this plan could be implemented, Moses Austin died in Missouri in 1821. That same year Mexico gained independence from Spain.[2]:17–18
Stephen F. Austin agreed to carry out his father's plan for a colony. At the end of the summer of 1821, he and a small group of Anglo-American settlers crossed into Texas. Before he reached San Antonio to meet with the governor, the group learned that Mexico had gained its independence from Spain. Texas was now a Mexican province rather than a Spanish one. Governor Martinez assured Austin that the new Mexican government would honor the colonization contract.[3]
Austin returned to Louisiana to recruit settlers. He offered land at 12 cents per acre, which was 10% of what comparable acreage sold for in the United States. The Settlers were required to satisfy four regulations:
They had to improve the land (usually by adding structures), and
They had to cultivate the land within two years, or forfeit it.
Settlers would pay no customs duties for seven years and would not be subject to taxation for ten years. In return, they were expected to become Mexican citizens.[4]
In March 1822, Austin learned that the new Mexican government had not ratified his father's land grant from Spain. He had to travel to Mexico City, 1,200 miles (1,931km) away, to get permission for his colony.[5] There, he discovered that the Mexican government was dedicated to equal rights for all races and opposed to slavery. (It abolished slavery in 1837.) Austin considered legal slavery critical to the success of his colony, so he spent a year in Mexico City lobbying against anti-slavery legislation. In 1823 he reached a compromise with the government of Agustín de Iturbide to allow slavery in Texas, with restrictions.[2]:20–23
The 1823 Imperial Colonization Law of Mexico allowed an empresario to receive a land grant within the Mexican province of Texas. The empresario and a commissioner appointed by the governor were authorized to distribute land to settlers and issue titles in the name of the Mexican government. Only one contract was ultimately approved under this legislation: the first contract granted to Stephen F. Austin.[6]
Establishment
Between 1823 and 1825, Austin granted 297 titles under this contract. Each head of household received a minimum of 177 acres[7] or 4,428 acres[8] depending on whether they intended to farm or raise livestock. The grant could be increased for large families or those wishing to establish a new industry, but the lands would be forfeited if they were not cultivated within two years.[6]
The settlers who received their titles under Stephen's first contract, known today as the Old Three Hundred, made up the first organized, approved group of Anglo-American immigrants from the United States to Texas. The new land titles were located in an area where no Spanish or Mexican settlements had existed. It covered land between the Brazos and the Colorado rivers, from the Gulf Coast to the San Antonio Road.[9] This area had long been occupied by indigenous peoples, however, and they objected to Anglo-American encroachment, resisting with armed conflict. Both Comanche and Apache warriors raided the new colony.
Austin wrote the colony's legal code, including elements to control enslaved African Americans. Any slave who left a plantation without permission was to be tied up and whipped. Considerable fines were to be assessed for any person helping or harboring a runaway slave.[2]:23–24
The capital of this new colony was San Felipe de Austin. This is now known as San Felipe in Austin County.
Growth
When Austin began advertising his colony, he received a great deal of interest. He was selective in his choice of colonists, which set it apart from others of the time. Austin chose settlers whom he believed would be appropriately industrious. Overall, Austin chose people who belonged to a higher economic class than most immigrants, and all brought some property with them. All but four of the men could read and write. This relatively high level of literacy had a great influence on the future of the colony. According to historian William C. Davis, because the colonists were literate, they "absorbed and spread the knowledge and news always essential to uniting people to a common purpose".[10]
Although Mexican law required immigrants to be Catholic, most of Austin's settlers were Protestant. Many chafed at being ruled by Catholics. Virtually all were of British ancestry.[1]
One-quarter of the families brought enslaved African Americans with them. Jared Groce brought 90 slaves, having had large plantations in the Southeast. According to historian Christopher Long, the Old Three Hundred "constituted the heart of the burgeoning slave empire in antebellum Texas."[1]
List
Lester G. Bugbee in his article "The Old Three Hundred", published in The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association (October 1897), identifies the head of each of the Old Three Hundred families who received a land grant in Austin's colony.[11] They were:
Head of household Born Died Family as of March 1826 Notes Refs Elijah Allcorn 1771 1844 Wife, five children and two servants. [12] Martin Allen 1780 1837 Wife, nine children [13] Abraham Alley 1803 1862 Wife, five children Brother of John, Rawson, Thomas and William Alley [14] John C. Alley 1822 Brother of Abraham, Thomas, Rawson and William Alley. [15] Rawson Alley 1793 1833 Single Brother of Abraham, John, Thomas and William Alley [16] Thomas Alley 1826 Single Brother of Abraham, John, Rawson and William Alley [17] William Alley 1800 August 15, 1869 Single Brother of Abraham, John, Rawson and Thomas Alley [18] Charles Alsbury Single Brother of Harvey and Horace Alsbury. Died about 1828. [19] Harvey Alsbury Wife Brother of Charles and Horace Alsbury [20] Horace Alsbury 1805 June 1847 Single; later married Juana Navarro [21] Thomas Alsbury 1773 Wife and two daughters Father of Charles, Harvey and Horace Alsbury. Wife Leah Catlett Alsbury. Daughters Leah Ann and Marion B. Served in the War of 1812. Died August 1826. [22] Simeon Asa Anderson Wife, three children, one slave [23] John Andrews February 1838 Wife, two children, one servant [24] William Andrews 1840 Wife, five children, two slaves Daughter married Randal Jones in 1824. [25] Samuel Angier August 26, 1792 In 1829, married fellow colonist Pamelia Pickett [26] James E.B. Austin October 3, 1803 August 14, 1829 Helped put down the Fredonian Rebellion. Brother of Stephen F. Austin. [27] John Austin March 17, 1801 August 11, 1833 [28] Stephen F. Austin November 3, 1793 December 27, 1836 [29] James B. Baily November 13, 1797 September 30, 1835 5 wives and 18 children Daniel E. Balis William Baratt Thomas Barnet Thomas Hudson Barron[30] 1796 1874 2 wives 22 children Mills M. Battle Benjamin Beason 1786 1837 wife Elizabeth "Betsy" & children Lydia, Collins, Nepsey, Abel, Edward (Leander), Benjamin; one hired hand, seven servants; horses, mules, cattle, and farming utensils In 1822, Beason (originally Beeson) began operating a ferry across the Colorado River. Beason also established a gristmill, gin, and a sawmill; his wife operated a boarding house. The settlement became known as Beason's Ferry or Beason's Crossing, later the site of the Texas Army camp under General Sam Houston. Following the Battle of the Alamo, Santa Anna's army headed for San Jacinto, and Sam Houston ordered that Beason's Crossing be burned during the Runaway Scrape. Beason's Crossing was officially renamed Columbus after the population returned In 1837. See Columbus, Texas. Charles Belknap Josiah H. Bell August 22, 1791 Thomas B. Bell Wife Prudencio, three children Donated the land on which Bellville was founded in 1846 M. Berry Isaac Best 1774 1837 Wife Mary Margaret (Wilkins), and some of their nine children. After spending his early years in Pennsylvania and Kentucky, Best and his wife left Garrard County, Kentucky, and moved to Montgomery County in southern Missouri in 1808. There he built a mill and an outpost known as Best's Fort, which served as a refuge from Indian attacks during the War of 1812. The family and several slaves moved to Texas in 1824. On August 19 of that year, Best received title to a sitio ["site", in Spanish] east of the Brazos River in what is now Waller County. He increased his landholdings and built a home near the site of present Pattison. The 1826 census described Best as a farmer and stock raiser between forty and fifty years of age. His household consisted of his wife, three sons, two daughters, and four slaves. Best may have lived at San Felipe in 1833, when William B. Travis issued a subpoena for him as a witness in a case against Isaac Clower. Best died near Pattison in 1837. On August 21, 1974, the Texas Historical Commission dedicated a marker to him on Farm Road 1458 1½ miles west of Pattison." Jacob Betts Francis Biggam William Bloodgood Thomas Boatwright Thomas Borden Caleb R. Bostwick John T. Bowman Edward R. Bradley John Bradley Thomas Bradley Charles Breen Patrick Brias William B. Bridges 1795 April 4, 1853 David Bright Enoch Brinson Bluford Brooks Robert Brotherington George Brown John Brown William S. Brown Aylett C. Buckner Pumphrey Brunet Jesse Burnam 1792 1883 Micajah Byrd Morris A. Callihan Alexander Calvit 1784 1836 David Carpenter William C. Carson Samuel Carter Jesse H. Cartwright Thomas Cartwright Sylvenus Castleman Samuel Chance Horatio Chriesman John C. Clark Antony R. Clarke Merit M. Coats John P. Coles James Russell Cook 1812 1843 Single John Cooke William Cooper Robert Cooper 5 children John Crownover 1 son Married to Elizabeth Chesney, son John Chesney Crownover born 1799 in Pennsylvania[31] James Cummings John Cummings Rebecca Cummins William Cummings James (Jack) Cummins c. 1773 1849 James Curtis, Sr. James Curtis, Jr. Hinton Curtis Samuel Davidson Thomas Davis D. Deckrow Charles Demos Peter Demos William B. Dewees Sep. 8th, 1799 Apr. 14th, 1878 John Dickinson Nicholas Dillard Thomas Marshall Duke 1785 24 May 1867 Married 3 times. 3rd wife, Jane Mason Wilkins McCormick Duke. 6 children; Mary Francis, Charlotte Jane, Thomoas Marshall, Jr., John Marshall, Stephen Austin, Alice Imogin Died, Hynes Bay, Refugio County, Texas during the yellow fever epidemic of 1867-Certified by Witnesses: Wm. Andrews, G. Seelingson, F. Hunt. Source: Daily Ranchero, September 1, 1867. George Duty Joseph Duty March 6, 1801 (Gallatin, TN) September 11, 1855 (Webberville, TX) Clement C. Dyer Thomas Earle G.E. Edwards John Elam Robert Elder Charles Falenash David Fenter James Fisher David Fitzgerald 1832 Widowed with one son and daughter. The plot of land now sits in modern Fort Bend County. Fitzgerald died in 1832 and willed the land to his daughter Sarah. She would later sell the entire property to Johnathan Dawson Waters. Isaiah Flanakin Elisha Flowers Isaac Foster John Foster 1837 2 sons [34] Randolph Foster James Frazier Churchill Fulshear [35] Charles Garret Samuel Gates William Gates Freeman George 1780 1834 Wife, 8 sons Freeman George received 1 sitios land between San Bernard and Bay Prairie (Matagorda County) and 1 labor of land located Brazos East side opposite San Felipe (Waller County). According to the Handbook of Texas Online, he was given a league and a labor of land (see above) which is known as Matagorda and Waller counties on July 7, 1824. Also one of the original patentees in the vicinity of Old Ocean, Texas, in southwestern Brazoria Co. [36] Preston Gilbert Sarah Gilbert 1750 1841 Daniel Gilleland Chester S. Gorbet Michael Gouldrich Thomas Gray Jared E. Groce 1782 1836 90 slaves [1] Robert Guthrie John Haddan Samuel C. Hady George B. Hall John W. Hall W. J. Hall David Hamilton Abner Harris David Harris John Richardson Harris William Harris William J. Harris George Harrison William Harvey Thomas S. Haynes James Hensley Alexander Hodge 1757 1836 Historical marker erected at Hodge's Bend Cemetery in Fort Bend County (1975), where Alexander Hodge's grave is located. Francis Holland William Holland Kinchen Holliman James Hope C.S. Hudson George Huff John Huff Isaac Hughes Eli Hunter Johnson Calhoun Hunter May 22, 1787 May 29, 1855 Wife: Mary Martha Harbert; Children as of March 1826: Robert Hancock Hunter, John Calhoun Hunter, Harriet Harbert Hunter, Thomas Jefferson Hunter, Thaddeus Warsaw Hunter, Messina Hunter, Martha Hunter Education: Dr. Johnson Hunter, earned a Medical Diploma around 1805. Dr. Johnson & Martha raised 10 children, four girls and six boys. He received a title to a sitio (roughly 4600 acres where La Porte and Morgan's Point, TX are now located) of land from the Mexican government in 1824. In 1826, he sold Hunter's Point (peninsula between Galveston & San Jacinto Bays, now known as Morgans Point and La Porte and relocated to Fort Bend County, where he built a home that served as a Richmond area landmark for fifty years, currently Pecan Grove.[37] In 1855, a five-acre tract of land was donated by Dr. Johnson Hunter on the R.H. Hunter survey and was called the Frost Institute. The institute was organized by Dr. Johnson Hunters' son-in-law. Frost Institute was located approximately six miles north of Richmond.[38] Dr. Hunter was buried in the family cemetery, known as the Brick Church Graveyard. John Iiams [sic] This may be John Williams. Ira Ingram 1788 1837 Seth Ingram John Irons 1786 1842 Wife Polly(Baker) Irons and son Elisha B. Irons born in 1826 Settled outside Monaville, Tx near Irons Creek. Samuel Isaacks Alexander Jackson Humphrey Jackson Isaac Jackson Thomas Jamison Henry W. Johnson Henry Jones James W. Jones Oliver Jones R. Jones Imla Keep John C. Keller John Kelly Samuel Kennedy Alfred Kennon James Kerr Peter Kerr William Kerr William Kincheloe William Kingston James Knight Abner Kuykendall 1777 1834 Brother of Robert and Joseph, father of Barzillia. Commanded the militia of Austin's colony, murdered by Joseph Clayton. Barzillai Kuykendall Son of Abner Kuykendall Joseph Kuykendall Robert Kuykendall Hosea H. League Joel Leakey Benjamin Linsey John Little Jane H. Wilkinson Long 1798 1880 aka. "the Mother of Texas". Widow of filibuster James Long (1793-1822). [39] James Lynch Nathanael Lynch John McCroskey Arthur McCormick David McCormick John McCormick Thomas McCoy Aechilles McFarlan John McFarlan Thomas F. McKinney 1801 1873 Father of the Texas Navy Hugh McKinsey A.W. McClain 1797 1895 James McNair Daniel McNeel George W. McNeel John McNeel John G. McNeel Pleasant D. McNeel Sterling McNeel Elizabeth McNutt William McWilliams Shubael Marsh Wily Martin 1776 1842 William Mathis David H. Milburn Samuel Miller Samuel R. Miller Simon Miller James D. Millican Robert Millican William Millican Joseph Mims 1844 Wife Sarah, two sons, one daughter, and four slaves Asa Mitchell John L. Monks John H. Moore Aug. 13, 1800 Dec. 02, 1880 Single Indian fighter, builder of Moore's Fort, and leader at the Battle of Gonzales. Married Eliza Cummins, daughter of Jack Cummins listed above. Luke Moore Moses Morrison William Morton David Mouser James Nelson Joseph Newman c. 1787 1831 Wife Rachel Rabb, 10 children Son-in-law to William Rabb, and Brother in-law to John Rabb, Andrew Rabb and Thomas J. Rabb, he ranched and farmed a sitio near Bonus, Texas. The marker tells the history of Joseph and Rachel (Rabb) Newman who settled the area in 1823. Texas State Historical Marker on Farm to Market Road 102 southeast of Bonus, Texas. Charles Isaac Nidever M.B. Nuckols James Orrick Nathan Osborn William Parks Joshua Parker William Parker Isaac Pennington George S. Pentecost Freeman Pettus William A. Pettus John Petty J.C. Peyton James A.E. Phelps I.B. Phillips Zeno Philips[40] Pamelia Picket Joseph H. Polley Peter Powell William Prater Pleasant Pruitt William Pryor c. 1775 1833 Wife Betsy Trammell, 6 children His death was recorded as 9 Sept 1833 in the diary of William B. Travis. Pryor's will states he was from Botetourt County, Virginia He disowned his only son Trammell J Pryor. [41] Andrew Rabb Son of William Rabb, Brother-in-law to Joseph Newman, Brother of Thomas J. Rabb and John Rabb. John Rabb Son of William Rabb, Brother-in-law to Joseph Newman, Brother of Thomas J. Rabb and Andrew Rabb. Thomas J. Rabb Son of William Rabb, Brother-in-law to Joseph Newman, Brother of John Rabb and Andrew Rabb. William Rabb Father to Andrew Rabb, John Rabb and Thomas J. Rabb, Father-in-law to Joseph Newman. William Raleigh L. Ramey David Randon John Randon Frederic H. Rankin Amos Rawls Benjamin Rawls Daniel Rawls Stephen Richardson Elijah Roark 1782 1829 Son: Leo Andrew Elijah Roark and Wife: Cynthia Elijah Fisher Earle Robbins William Robbins Andrew Roberts 1844 Wife Sally, four daughters, and one son Noel F. Roberts C. 1786 C. 1843 Harriet Pryor William Roberts 1813 Jul 1849 Elizabeth Pryor Edward Robertson Andrew Robinson Sr. 1852 Wife Nancy and two children First settler
Texas Historical Marker for Andrew Robinson Sr. George Robinson James Ross June Salmeron Joseph San Pierre Robert Scobey Marvin Scheick James Scott William Scott William Selkirk 1792 1830 2 children Helped found Matagorda and served as militia captain. David Shelby Daniel Shipman NC 20 Feb 1801 Goliad County Texas 4 Mar 1881 Son of Moses Shipman Moses Shipman 1774 NC 1 Jan 1838 Ft. Bend, TX Mary Robinson, ten children Father of Daniel Shipman Bartlet Sims George Washington Singleton Related to Charla Kaye Moore Sisk [42] Philip Singleton Daughter Mary King married John D. Taylor November 19, 1838 Christian Smith Cornelius Smith John Smith William Smeathers 1767 1837 Gabriel S. Snider Albert L. Sojourner Nancy Spencer Adam Stafford William Stafford 1780 1840 Thomas Stevens Owen H. Stout John Strange Walter Sutherland Elemelech Swearingen 1805 1887 Last family of the Old 300; replaced a family who withdrew their application.
Historical marker for Elemelech Swearingen David Tally John D. Taylor Married Mary King Singleton, daughter of Philip Singleton, November 19, 1838; they had two children Jeanette Susan 1841–1915 and Isabell 1842–1925 George Teel Ezekiel Thomas Jacob Thomas Jesse Thompson Thomas J. Tone James F. Tong 1783 July 29, 1827 Elizabeth Thompson, 1 Child- Harriet E. Tong (1817–1884) Father- William H. Tong (1756–1848) Revolutionary Way Minuteman in Maryland, fought at Bradywine and Germantown with George Washington. William Tong, 2 wives and 26 children [43] Samuel Toy John Trobough Elizabeth Piemmons Tumlinson 1778 1829 Wife of John Jackson Tumlinson whom was killed by Waco Indians while crossing the Guadalupe river James Tumlinson Isaac Vandorn Martin Varner Allen Vince Richard Vince Robert Vince William Vince James Walker Thomas Walker Caleb Wallice Francis F. Wells Amy White Joseph White Reuben White Walter C. White William White Boland Whitesides Henry Whitesides James Whitesides William Whitesides Nathaniel Whiting William Whitlock Elias R. Wightman 1792 1841 Married Mary Sherwood Wightman in 1828 Helped found Matagorda and surveyed Austin's colony. Jane Wilkins George I. Williams Henry Williams John Williams John R. Williams Built "The Old Place" along Clear Creek, which eventually became the oldest remaining structure in Harris County, Texas. It is now part of Houston's Sam Houston Park Robert H. Williams Samuel M. Williams Solomon Williams Thomas Williams Zadock Woods aka Zaduck 1773 1842 Wife Minerva Cottle Woods Served in the battle of Gonzales, the battle of Concepción, the Grass Fight and the Runaway Scrape. Colonist of Texas, Zadock Woods was one of the "Old Three Hundred" who established a colony area with land purchased from Stephen F. Austin.[44] A veteran of the War of 1812, he served in the battle of Gonzales, the battle of Concepción, the Grass Fight and the Runaway Scrape.[45][46] His homestead was a fortified inn, known as Fort Woods, built to provide protection from Indian attacks on the colonists.[47] He was the oldest man killed in the "Dawson expedition" September 1842.[48] [45]
wife Elizabeth "Betsy" & children Lydia, Collins, Nepsey, Abel, Edward (Leander), Benjamin; one hired hand, seven servants; horses, mules, cattle, and farming utensils
In 1822, Beason (originally Beeson) began operating a ferry across the Colorado River. Beason also established a gristmill, gin, and a sawmill; his wife operated a boarding house. The settlement became known as Beason's Ferry or Beason's Crossing, later the site of the Texas Army camp under General Sam Houston. Following the Battle of the Alamo, Santa Anna's army headed for San Jacinto, and Sam Houston ordered that Beason's Crossing be burned during the Runaway Scrape. Beason's Crossing was officially renamed Columbus after the population returned In 1837. See Columbus, Texas.
Donated the land on which Bellville was founded in 1846
M. Berry
Isaac Best
1774
1837
Wife Mary Margaret (Wilkins), and some of their nine children.
After spending his early years in Pennsylvania and Kentucky, Best and his wife left Garrard County, Kentucky, and moved to Montgomery County in southern Missouri in 1808. There he built a mill and an outpost known as Best's Fort, which served as a refuge from Indian attacks during the War of 1812. The family and several slaves moved to Texas in 1824. On August 19 of that year, Best received title to a sitio ["site", in Spanish] east of the Brazos River in what is now Waller County. He increased his landholdings and built a home near the site of present Pattison. The 1826 census described Best as a farmer and stock raiser between forty and fifty years of age. His household consisted of his wife, three sons, two daughters, and four slaves. Best may have lived at San Felipe in 1833, when William B. Travis issued a subpoena for him as a witness in a case against Isaac Clower. Best died near Pattison in 1837. On August 21, 1974, the Texas Historical Commission dedicated a marker to him on Farm Road 1458 1½ miles west of Pattison."
Married 3 times. 3rd wife, Jane Mason Wilkins McCormick Duke. 6 children; Mary Francis, Charlotte Jane, Thomoas Marshall, Jr., John Marshall, Stephen Austin, Alice Imogin
Died, Hynes Bay, Refugio County, Texas during the yellow fever epidemic of 1867-Certified by Witnesses: Wm. Andrews, G. Seelingson, F. Hunt. Source: Daily Ranchero, September 1, 1867.
The plot of land now sits in modern Fort Bend County. Fitzgerald died in 1832 and willed the land to his daughter Sarah. She would later sell the entire property to Johnathan Dawson Waters.
Freeman George received 1 sitios land between San Bernard and Bay Prairie (Matagorda County) and 1 labor of land located Brazos East side opposite San Felipe (Waller County). According to the Handbook of Texas Online, he was given a league and a labor of land (see above) which is known as Matagorda and Waller counties on July 7, 1824. Also one of the original patentees in the vicinity of Old Ocean, Texas, in southwestern Brazoria Co.
Wife: Mary Martha Harbert; Children as of March 1826: Robert Hancock Hunter, John Calhoun Hunter, Harriet Harbert Hunter, Thomas Jefferson Hunter, Thaddeus Warsaw Hunter, Messina Hunter, Martha Hunter
Education: Dr. Johnson Hunter, earned a Medical Diploma around 1805. Dr. Johnson & Martha raised 10 children, four girls and six boys. He received a title to a sitio (roughly 4600 acres where La Porte and Morgan's Point, TX are now located) of land from the Mexican government in 1824. In 1826, he sold Hunter's Point (peninsula between Galveston & San Jacinto Bays, now known as Morgans Point and La Porte and relocated to Fort Bend County, where he built a home that served as a Richmond area landmark for fifty years, currently Pecan Grove.[37] In 1855, a five-acre tract of land was donated by Dr. Johnson Hunter on the R.H. Hunter survey and was called the Frost Institute. The institute was organized by Dr. Johnson Hunters' son-in-law. Frost Institute was located approximately six miles north of Richmond.[38] Dr. Hunter was buried in the family cemetery, known as the Brick Church Graveyard.
His death was recorded as 9 Sept 1833 in the diary of William B. Travis. Pryor's will states he was from Botetourt County, Virginia He disowned his only son Trammell J Pryor.
Elizabeth Thompson, 1 Child- Harriet E. Tong (1817–1884)
Father- William H. Tong (1756–1848) Revolutionary Way Minuteman in Maryland, fought at Bradywine and Germantown with George Washington. William Tong, 2 wives and 26 children
Memorial Stone erected by the State of Texas 1936 at the site of Woods Fort
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↑ Bugbee, Lester G. (October 1897). "The Old Three Hundred: A List of Settlers in Austin's First Colony". Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association. 1 (2): 108–117. JSTOR30242636.
↑ "Tong, James F.", Handbook of Texas, Texas State Historical Association
↑ Title: Zadock and Minerva Cottle Woods, American pioneers Author: Paul N Spellman Publisher: Austin, Texas 1988 OCLC Number: 36308761
1 2 Paul N. Spellman, "WOODS, ZADOCK," Handbook of Texas Online, accessed June 16, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
↑ Original papers Regarding Zadock Woodsand His Sons: Norman Woods; Henry Gonzalvo Woods; Montraville Woods; Leander Woods compiled by Robert Forsyth Little, IV and Marianne Elizabeth Hall Little OCLC Number: 310362910 in Historical Manuscript collection, University of Texas at Austin Library.
Davis, William C. (2006), Lone Star Rising, College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, ISBN978-1-58544-532-5 originally published 2004 by New York: Free Press
Edmondson, J.R. (2000), The Alamo Story-From History to Current Conflicts, Plano, TX: Republic of Texas Press, ISBN1-55622-678-0
Greaser, Galen (1999), "Foreword", Austin's Old Three Hundred: The First Anglo Colony in Texas, Austin, TX: Eakin Press, ISBN1-57168-291-0
Hatch, Thom (1999), Encyclopedia of the Alamo and the Texas revolution, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN978-0-7864-0593-0
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