Petasites frigidus

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Petasites frigidus
Petasites frigidus 1925.JPG
Arctic sweet coltsfoot
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Petasites
Species:
P. frigidus
Binomial name
Petasites frigidus
(L.) Fr.
Synonyms [1]
  • Nardosmia angulosa Kuprian.
  • Nardosmia angulosa Cass.
  • Nardosmia arctica (A.E.Porsild) Á.Löve & D.Löve
  • Nardosmia frigida (L.) Hook.
  • Nardosmia nivalis (B.D.Greene) Jurtzev
  • Nardosmia palmata (Aiton) Hook.
  • Nardosmia sagittata (Banks ex Pursh) Hook.
  • Nardosmia vitifolia (Greene) Á.Löve & D.Löve* P. alaskanus Rydb.
  • Petasites arcticus A.E.Porsild
  • Petasites corymbosus (R.Br.) Rydb.
  • Petasites dentata Blank.
  • Petasites gracilis Britton
  • Petasites hookerianus (Nutt.) Rydb.
  • Petasites hyperboreus Rydb.
  • Petasites nivalis Greene
  • Petasites palmatus (Aiton) A.Gray
  • Petasites sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) A.Gray
  • Petasites speciosus (Nutt.) Piper
  • Petasites trigonophylla Greene
  • Petasites × vitifolius Greene
  • Petasites warrenii H.St.John
  • Tussilago palmata Aiton
  • Tussilago frigida L.
  • Tussilago sagittata Pursh

Petasites frigidus, the Arctic sweet coltsfoot [2] or Arctic butterbur, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Arctic to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America. [3] [2]

Contents

It is a herbaceous perennial plant producing flowering stems in early spring, and large leaves through the summer. The upright flowering stems are 10–20 cm tall, and bear only 5-12 inflorescences, yellowish-white to pink in colour. The leaves are rounded, 15–20 cm broad, with a deeply cleft base and shallowly lobed margin, and rise directly from the underground rootstock. The underside of the leaves is covered with matted, woolly fuzz. It grows in moist shaded ground, preferring stream banks and seeping ground of cut-banks. [4] [5] [6]

Petasites frigidus var. palmatus fruit and leaves Petasites frigidus 1030.JPG
Petasites frigidus var. palmatus fruit and leaves

While there is some disagreement, some sources identify five varieties of P. frigidus:

Uses

The leaf stalks and flower stems (with flowers) are edible, [12] and can be used as a vegetable dish. A salt-substitute can also be made by drying and then burning the leaves. This black, powdery substance will provide a salty taste. However, given the high likelihood of the presence of toxic unsaturated, diester pyrrolizidine alkaloids in this species, consumption should be very limited. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Petasites</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Petasites is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, that are commonly referred to as butterburs and coltsfoots. They are perennial plants with thick, creeping underground rhizomes and large rhubarb-like leaves during the growing season. Most species are native to Asia or southern Europe.

<i>Tussilago</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Tussilago farfara, commonly known as coltsfoot, is a plant in the tribe Senecioneae in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and parts of western and central Asia. The name "tussilago" is derived from the Latin tussis, meaning cough, and ago, meaning to cast or to act on. It has had uses in traditional medicine, but the discovery of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the plant has resulted in liver health concerns.

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<i>Petasites japonicus</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

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<i>Sphaeralcea ambigua</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Chaenactis glabriuscula</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Chamaenerion latifolium</i> Species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae

Chamaenerion latifolium is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the English common names dwarf fireweed and river beauty willowherb. It has a circumboreal distribution, appearing throughout the northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including subarctic and Arctic areas such as snowmelt-flooded gravel bars and talus, in a wide range of elevations. This is a perennial herb growing in clumps of leaves variable in size, shape, and texture above a woody caudex. The leaves are 1 to 10 centimeters long, lance-shaped to oval, pointed or rounded at the tips, and hairy to hairless and waxy. The inflorescence is a rough-haired raceme of nodding flowers with bright to deep pink, and occasionally white, petals up to 3 centimeters long. Behind the opened petals are pointed sepals. The fruit is an elongated capsule which may exceed 10 centimeters in length.

<i>Eriogonum sphaerocephalum</i> Species of wild buckwheat

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<i>Lonicera subspicata</i> Species of honeysuckle

Lonicera subspicata is a species of honeysuckle known by the common name southern honeysuckle. It is native to Baja California, California, and northern Baja California Sur, where it is known from several areas in mountain and coastal habitat, particularly chaparral. It is a vining shrub which usually climbs on other plants for support.

<i>Petasites albus</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

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<i>Sagina saginoides</i> Species of flowering plant

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Packera subnuda is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Buek's groundsel and cleftleaf groundsel. It is native to western North America from the Northwest Territories to northern California to Wyoming, where it grows in high mountain meadows in subalpine and alpine climates.

<i>Xylorhiza tortifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

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References

  1. "The Plant List".
  2. 1 2 3 "Petasites frigidus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  3. Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Petasites frigidus". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  4. Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014). "Petasites frigidus". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  5. Giblin, David, ed. (2015). "Petasites frigidus". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  6. "Petasites frigidus". Jepson eFlora: Taxon page. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  7. Mathews, Daniel. Cascade-Olympic Natural History. Raven Editions, 1999, p. 186, ISBN   978-0-9620782-0-0
  8. Chesnut, Victor King (1902). Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Government Printing Office. p. 406. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  9. Chesnut, p. 408
  10. Chesnut, p. 407
  11. Pojar, Jim (2004). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing. ISBN   9781551055305.
  12. Beeston, Laura (August 4, 2015), "Flower power: A coast-to-coast-to-coast guide to our nation's most delectable blossoms", The Globe and Mail, retrieved January 19, 2019
  13. Aydın, AA; Zerbes, V; Parlar, H; Letzel, T (2013). "The medical plant butterbur (Petasites): analytical and physiological (re)view". J Pharm Biomed Anal. 75: 220–9. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.028. PMID   23277154.